GB/T 18386.1-2021 PDF English
US$435.00 · In stock · Download in 9 secondsGB/T 18386.1-2021: [Including 2025XG1] Test methods for energy consumption and range of electric vehicles - Part 1: Light-duty vehicles Delivery: 9 seconds. True-PDF full-copy in English & invoice will be downloaded + auto-delivered via email. See step-by-step procedureStatus: Valid GB/T 18386.1: Evolution and historical versions
| Standard ID | Contents [version] | USD | STEP2 | [PDF] delivery | Name of Chinese Standard | Status |
| GB/T 18386.1-2021 | English | 435 |
Add to Cart
|
0-9 seconds. Auto-delivery
|
[Including 2025XG1] Test methods for energy consumption and range of electric vehicles - Part 1: Light-duty vehicles
| Valid |
| GB/T 18386-2017 | English | 270 |
Add to Cart
|
0-9 seconds. Auto-delivery
|
Electric vehicles -- Energy consumption and range -- Test procedures
| Obsolete |
| GB/T 18386-2005 | English | 90 |
Add to Cart
|
0-9 seconds. Auto-delivery
|
Electric vehicles -- Energy consumption and range -- Test procedures
| Obsolete |
| GB/T 18386-2001 | English | 399 |
Add to Cart
|
3 days
|
Energy consumption rate and the driving range of electric vehicles test methods
| Obsolete |
Excerpted PDFs (Download full copy in 9 seconds upon purchase)PDF Preview: GB/T 18386.1-2021
GB/T 18386.1-2021: Test methods for energy consumption and range of electric vehicles - Part 1: Light-duty vehicles
---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT18386.1-2021
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.020
CCS T 47
Partially replacing GB/T 18386-2017
Test methods for energy consumption and range of
electric vehicles - Part 1.Light-duty vehicles
Issued on: MARCH 09, 2021
Implemented on: OCTOBER 01, 2021
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 4
Introduction... 6
1 Scope... 8
2 Normative references... 8
3 Terms and definitions... 8
4 Test conditions... 9
5 Test-related parameters and accuracy... 10
6 Test procedure... 11
7 Calculation of energy consumption and range... 19
8 Interpolation method for a certain vehicle... 25
9 Production conformity... 28
Appendix A (Informative) Test method for energy consumption and range when
heater is turned on in a low-temperature environment... 31
Appendix B (Informative) Test method for energy consumption and range when
air-conditioning refrigeration is turned on in a high-temperature environment 35
Appendix C (Normative) Selection of driving mode... 39
Appendix D (Informative) REESS state-of-charge curve... 42
Appendix E (Normative) Determination of REESS current and voltage... 44
Appendix F (Informative) Location of temperature measuring point... 46
1 Scope
This document specifies the test methods for energy consumption and range of
pure electric vehicles.
This document is applicable to category N1 vehicles; categories M1 and M2
vehicles with the maximum design total mass not exceeding 3500 kg.
Categories M1 and L5 vehicles with a maximum design total mass of more than
3500 kg may refer to it for implementation.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents, through normative references in this
text, constitute indispensable provisions of this document. Among them, for
dated references, only the edition corresponding to that date applies to this
document. For undated references, the latest edition (including all amendments)
applies to this document.
GB/T 15089 Classification of power-driven vehicles and trailers
GB 18352.6-2016 Limits and measurement methods for emissions from
light-duty vehicles (CHINA 6)
GB/T 19233-2020 Measurement methods of fuel consumption for light-duty
vehicles
GB/T 19596 Terminology of electric vehicles
GB/T 38146.1-2019 China automotive test cycle - Part 1.Light-duty vehicles
3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 15089, GB/T 19596, GB 18352.6-
2016 and GB/T 38146.1-2019 apply to this document.
4 Test conditions
4.1 Environmental requirements
4.1.1 The temperature of the test room shall be set to 23 °C. The allowable
deviation is ±5 °C.
4.1.2 The temperature of the immersion area shall be set to 23 °C. The
allowable deviation is ±3 °C.
4.1.3 USE the moving arithmetic mean of every 5 min. There is no system
deviation from the set temperature. The temperature shall be measured
continuously. The sampling time interval shall not be greater than 1 min.
4.2 Test equipment
4.2.1 The equipment used for the test shall meet the relevant requirements of
CD.1, CD.2 and CD.5 in GB 18352.6-2016.
4.2.2 See Table 1 for the requirements of other related parameters.
4.3 Test vehicles
4.3.1 All parts and components of the test vehicle shall meet the mass
production requirements. If the test vehicle is different from mass production, a
detailed explanation is required.
4.3.2 The vehicle manufacturer or its authorized agent shall submit a vehicle,
which represents the model under test, to the inspection agency responsible for
the type test. If the vehicle manufacturer or its authorized agent chooses to use
the interpolation family, it shall choose a representative vehicle in the
interpolation family. The same test vehicle should be used to represent vehicle
H and vehicle L through different road load settings.
4.3.3 The test vehicle can be run-in according to the needs of the vehicle
manufacturer or its authorized agent. And ensure that the machinery is in good
condition. At the same time, under the condition of installing REESS, a certain
range shall be run-in. The range must be greater than 300 km. At the same time,
REESS shall experience at least one process from full charge to the lowest
value of the state of charge (SOC).
4.3.4 The lubricant, specified by the vehicle manufacturer, shall be used and
indicated in the test result report.
4.3.5 Except for drive purposes, all energy storage systems shall be charged to
the maximum values (electric energy, hydraulic pressure, air pressure, etc.),
specified by the vehicle manufacturer.
5 Test-related parameters and accuracy
The related parameters and accuracy of the test results shall meet the
requirements of Table 2.When calculating in accordance with the provisions of
Clause 7, unless otherwise specified, the process data shall not be rounded.
6 Test procedure
6.1 General requirements
6.1.1 Road load measurement and dynamometer settings shall be carried out
in accordance with the provisions of Attachment CC of GB 18352.6-2016.The
maximum reference speed specified in CC.2.2 of the document is adjusted to
120 km/h in this document. If the driving resistance curve is provided by the
vehicle manufacturer, a test report, calculation report or other relevant
information shall be provided; and the inspection agency shall determine. The
test cycle and related data in the relevant clauses of GB 18352.6-2016, cited in
this document, shall be adjusted to CLTC.
6.1.2 Before the test, the vehicle manufacturer shall, in accordance with the
provisions of 7.3, provide the BER information of the test vehicle to the
inspection agency. If interpolation method is used, the BER of vehicle H in the
interpolation family shall be provided.
6.1.3 The starting of the power system shall be carried out in accordance with
the regulations of the vehicle manufacturer.
6.1.4 The vehicle shall be tested in accordance with the test cycle specified in
4.4.The vehicle shall be properly controlled, to accurately track the test cycle
curve. The speed tolerance of each test cycle shall meet the requirements of
C.1.2.6.6 in GB 18352.6-2016.For the situation in 6.2.1 b) that the accelerator
pedal is fully depressed and the upper tolerance limit is exceeded, it is not
treated as out of tolerance.
6.1.5 Before or at the beginning of the test, the energy consumption test shall
be carried out. Each speed range shall be recorded separately.
6.1.6 As needed, vehicle manufacturers or their authorized agents can refer to
Appendix A and Appendix B, to measure the energy consumption and range of
vehicles in low-temperature and high-temperature environments, respectively.
6.2 Conditions for termination of tests
6.2.1 When conducting the test specified in 6.3.3, when the following conditions
occur, the test shall be stopped.
a) When testing in accordance with the conventional working condition
method specified in 6.3.3.3; if the maximum vehicle speed declared for
the vehicle is not less than the maximum vehicle speed of the CLTC and
cannot meet the tolerance requirements specified in 6.1.4; the test shall
be stopped.
b) When testing in accordance with the conventional working condition
method specified in 6.3.3.3; if the maximum speed declared for the vehicle
is less than the maximum speed of CLTC; for the part exceeding the
maximum speed declared for the vehicle, the test cycle shall be amended
in accordance with the provisions of CA.5 in GB 18352.6-2016.At this time,
the driver is required to depress the accelerator pedal to the end. The
actual vehicle speed is allowed to exceed the upper tolerance limit
specified in 6.1.4.However, when the lower tolerance limit requirements
specified in 6.1.4 cannot be met, the test shall be stopped. When the
target vehicle speed does not exceed the maximum speed declared for
the vehicle, and the tolerance requirements specified in 6.1.4 cannot be
met, the test shall be stopped.
c) When testing in accordance with the shortening method specified in
6.3.3.4; in the constant-speed segment CSSE, if the vehicle fails to meet
the lower tolerance limit requirements specified in 6.1.4 for 4 consecutive
seconds; the test shall be stopped.
6.2.2 When the conditions for the end of the test are reached, the gear remains
unchanged. The vehicle is allowed to coast to the lowest stable speed or 5 km/h.
Then the brake pedal is depressed to stop.
6.3 Test code
6.3.1 Test steps
The same test procedure shall be used to determine energy consumption and
range. The test procedure includes the following 3 steps.
a) Charge REESS for the first time (see 6.3.2);
b) Carry out tests for energy consumption and range (see 6.3.3);
c) After the test, recharge the REESS; measure the electric quantity charged
from the outside (see 6.3.4).
Between the execution of every two steps, if the vehicle needs to move, the
power on the vehicle is not allowed; and the regenerative braking system does
not work.
6.3.2 Initial charging of REESS
6.3.2.1 General
Unless the vehicle manufacturer or REESS manufacturer has other regulations,
the initial charging of REESS shall be carried out in accordance with the
regulations of 6.3.2.2 and 6.3.2.3.
The initial charging of REESS refers to the first charging of REESS after
receiving the vehicle. If several specified tests or measurements are performed
continuously, the first charging can be considered the initial charging.
6.3.2.2 Discharging of REESS
REESS discharging shall be carried out in accordance with the procedures
stipulated by the vehicle manufacturer. Vehicle manufacturers shall ensure that,
REESS can discharge to the lowest SOC value.
6.3.2.3 Charging of REESS
6.3.2.3.1 Conventional charging
For conventional charging, alternating-current charging is recommended. The
charging power shall not be higher than 42 kW. When there are multiple
alternating-current charging methods (such as conductive charging, inductive
charging, etc.), the conductive charging method shall be used. If there are
multiple levels of conductive charging power available, the highest charging
power shall be used. If the vehicle manufacturer recommends, it is possible to
choose a lower charging power. If the vehicle only has a direct-current charging
method, or according to the recommendation of the vehicle manufacturer, and
determined by the inspection agency, the direct-current charging method can
be selected. Charging shall be carried out continuously. If a power failure occurs
during the charging process, it shall be recorded in the test report; the reason
shall be explained. The charging mode shall be selected according to the
recommendations of the vehicle manufacturer.
At the ambient temperature specified in 4.1.2, REESS shall be charged in one
of the following ways.
a) On-board charger (if installed);
b) External charger recommended by the vehicle manufacturer.
The above charging procedures do not include any automatically or manually
started special charging procedures, such as equalization charging mode or
maintenance mode. Vehicle manufacturers shall declare that, no special
charging procedures are performed during the test. The charging strategy that
does not require additional operations for vehicles actually sold is not
considered a special charging procedure. Vehicle manufacturers shall provide
relevant supporting documents.
6.3.2.3.2 Criteria for end of charging
When the on-board or external instrument shows that REESS is fully charged,
it is judged that the charging is complete. If the on-board or external instrument
sends out an obvious signal that REESS is not fully charged, in this case, the
longest charging time is. 3×REESS energy (kWh)/supply power (kW), which is
specified by the vehicle manufacturer.
6.3.3 Test process
6.3.3.1 Selection of driving mode
For vehicles equipped with a driving mode selection function, the selection shall
be made in accordance with the provisions of Appendix C.
7 Calculation of energy consumption and range
7.1 General
7.1.1 Relevant formulas for calculating energy consumption and range
In order to calculate the energy consumption and range of the vehicle, formula
(2)~formula (4) are indispensable.
7.1.2 Special requirements for test results
For vehicles whose maximum speed is less than the maximum speed of CLTC,
when the test report records the results of energy consumption and range, the
maximum speed shall be explained.
7.2 Energy consumption
Energy consumption is calculated according to formula (5).
7.3 Range
7.3.1 Scope based on conventional working condition method
The range based on the conventional working condition method is calculated
according to formula (6).
7.3.2 Range based on shortening method
The range based on the shortening method is calculated according to formula
(10).
8 Interpolation method for a certain vehicle
8.1 Interpolation family
8.1.1 Only the vehicles with the following same vehicle, power system and shift
characteristics are allowed to share the same interpolation family.
a) Drive motor type and quantity (structure type, asynchronous/synchronous,
etc.), coolant type (air, liquid), and any other conditions that may affect
energy consumption and range;
b) REESS type [model, capacity, rated voltage, rated power, coolant type
(liquid, air)];
c) Shift type (such as manual transmission, automatic transmission, CVT)
and shift model (such as torque value, number of gears, number of
clutches, etc.);
d) Number of power shafts;
e) Type of energy conversion between drive motor and REESS, between
REESS and low-voltage energy supply, between REESS and charging
socket; and other conditions that can affect energy consumption and
range;
f) All operating strategies in the power system that affect energy consumption
and range;
g) ௩ ratio (revolving speed of drive motor divided by vehicle speed). For the
most-commonly-used gearbox types, the transmission ratio difference
percentage shall be less than 8%.
8.1.2 According to the recommendations of vehicle manufacturers, vehicle H
can be selected to represent all models in the interpolation family for testing.
8.2 Cycle energy demand of vehicles
The cycle energy demand of vehicles in the interpolation family shall be
calculated according to the provisions of CE.5 in GB 18352.6-2016.The road
load factor and mass, involved in the calculation process, are determined
according to CE.3.2.3.2.3 in GB 18352.6-2016.
8.3 Interpolation coefficient
The interpolation coefficient of the vehicle is calculated according to formula
(14).
8.4 Energy consumption of a certain vehicle
The energy consumption of a certain vehicle is calculated according to formula
(15).
8.5 Range of a certain vehicle
The range of a certain vehicle is calculated according to formula (16).
Where.
8.6 Road load family and road load matrix family
If the vehicles meet the requirements of C.1.2.3.1.2 in GB 18352.6-2016, they
can form the same road load family. If the vehicles meet the requirements of
C.1.2.3.1.3 in GB 18352.6-2016, they can form the same road load matrix family.
According to the requirements of vehicle manufacturers, one of the following
two methods is used, to determine the road load of vehicles in the test family.
a) In accordance with 6.1.1, as well as CC.4.2.1.1 of GB 18352.6-2016, the
road load of vehicle H is tested. It is applicable to all vehicle models in the
road load family and road load matrix family;
b) In accordance with 6.1.1, the road loads of vehicle H and vehicle L are
tested. And according to the relevant regulations of
CC.4.2.1.2~CC.4.2.1.4 in GB 18352.6-2016, calculate the road load of all
vehicle models in the road load family and road load matrix family.
9 Production conformity
9.1 General
9.1.1 Vehicle manufacturers shall, in accordance with 9.2, establish and
implement a production conformity assurance plan.
9.1.2 It shall be determined according to 9.3 whether the production conformity
meets the requirements. If a certain model cannot meet any of the requirements
of the production conformity inspection, it is determined that, this model does
not meet the production conformity requirements specified in this document.
9.1.3 The determination of production conformity is only applicable to the room-
temperature test specified in Clause 7.The tests, under the special ambient
temperatures specified in Appendix A and Appendix B, may refer to it for
implementation, as needed.
9.1.4 For vehicles undergoing production conformity inspection, the running-in
range does not need to meet the REESS minimum running-in range
requirements specified in 4.3.3.Other production conformity test settings shall
be consistent with the type certification tests specified in Clause 7.The vehicle
preparation before the test shall be carried out, in accordance with the
recommendations of the vehicle manufacturer.
9.1.5 If a certain model has several extended models or interpolation family
models, the production conformity test shall be carried out on the basic model,
which is described in the application materials for the first type test. If the basic
model for the first type test has been discontinued, the production conformity
test shall be carried out on the extended models or the interpolation family
models.
9.2 Production conformity assurance plan
9.2.1 Vehicle manufacturers shall randomly select multiple vehicles from the
same batch of products; in accordance with 9.2.2, check the production
conformity of the products.
9.2.2 Carry out the test in accordance with the provisions of 6.3.3.3 or 6.3.3.4.
This test only carries out the first test cycle. According to formula (2), determine
the energy consumption of this cycle, ECDC,first CLTC. Based on the energy
consumption ECDC,COP determined by formula (17), according to the relevant
regulations of 8.1.2~8.3.5 in GB/T 19233-2020, it is determined whether the
vehicle meets the requirements of production conformity. For the fixed gradient
coefficient specified in 8.1.3.4 of the document, when determining the energy
consumption production conformity, 0.96 shall be used.
Where.
ECDC,COP - The production conformity target value of energy consumption in the
first test cycle based on the amount of change in REESS electric energy, in
watt-hours per kilometer (Wh/km);
ECDC,c1 - When the type certification test specified in 7.4 is carried out, the
energy consumption of the 1st test cycle based on the change of REESS
electric energy, which is calculated according to formula (2), in watt-hours per
kilometer (Wh/km). If the type certification test is carried out multiple times, this
value is the arithmetic mean of the multiple tests;
AFAC - An adjustment factor determined based on the declared composite value
of energy consumption in 7.4 and the result of the type certification test.
Calculate according to formula (18);
Where.
ECAC,declared - The declared composite value of energy consumption provided
by vehicle manufacturer in accordance with the provisions of 7.4.2.1, in watt-
hours per kilometer (Wh/km);
EC - When the type certification test specified in 7.4 is carried out, the
consumption of the energy obtained from the outside, which is calculated
according to formula (5), in watt-hours per kilometer (Wh/km). If the type
certification test is carried out multiple times, this value is the arithmetic mean
of the multiple tests.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
Tips & Frequently Asked QuestionsQuestion 1: How long will the true-PDF of English version of GB/T 18386.1-2021 be delivered?Answer: The full copy PDF of English version of GB/T 18386.1-2021 can be downloaded in 9 seconds, and it will also be emailed to you in 9 seconds (double mechanisms to ensure the delivery reliably), with PDF-invoice. Question 2: Can I share the purchased PDF of GB/T 18386.1-2021_English with my colleagues?Answer: Yes. The purchased PDF of GB/T 18386.1-2021_English will be deemed to be sold to your employer/organization who actually paid for it, including your colleagues and your employer's intranet. Question 3: Does the price include tax/VAT?Answer: Yes. Our tax invoice, downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, includes all tax/VAT and complies with 100+ countries' tax regulations (tax exempted in 100+ countries) -- See Avoidance of Double Taxation Agreements (DTAs): List of DTAs signed between Singapore and 100+ countriesQuestion 4: Do you accept my currency other than USD?Answer: Yes. www.ChineseStandard.us -- GB/T 18386.1-2021 -- Click this link and select your country/currency to pay, the exact amount in your currency will be printed on the invoice. Full PDF will also be downloaded/emailed in 9 seconds. Question 5: Should I purchase the latest version GB/T 18386.1-2021?Answer: Yes. Unless special scenarios such as technical constraints or academic study, you should always prioritize to purchase the latest version GB/T 18386.1-2021 even if the enforcement date is in future. Complying with the latest version means that, by default, it also complies with all the earlier versions, technically. How to buy and download a true PDF of English version of GB/T 18386.1-2021?A step-by-step guide to download PDF of GB/T 18386.1-2021_EnglishStep 1: Visit website https://www.ChineseStandard.net (Pay in USD), or https://www.ChineseStandard.us (Pay in any currencies such as Euro, KRW, JPY, AUD).
Step 2: Search keyword "GB/T 18386.1-2021".
Step 3: Click "Add to Cart". If multiple PDFs are required, repeat steps 2 and 3 to add up to 12 PDFs to cart.
Step 4: Select payment option (Via payment agents Stripe or PayPal).
Step 5: Customize Tax Invoice -- Fill up your email etc.
Step 6: Click "Checkout".
Step 7: Make payment by credit card, PayPal, Google Pay etc. After the payment is completed and in 9 seconds, you will receive 2 emails attached with the purchased PDFs and PDF-invoice, respectively.
Step 8: Optional -- Go to download PDF.
Step 9: Optional -- Click Open/Download PDF to download PDFs and invoice.
See screenshots for above steps: Steps 1~3 Steps 4~6 Step 7 Step 8 Step 9
|