GB 18384-2020 PDF English
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| GB 18384-2020 | English | 185 |
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Electric vehicles safety requirements
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| GB/T 18384.1-2015 | English | 85 |
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Electrically propelled road vehicles -- Safety specifications -- Part 1: On-board rechargeable energy storage system (REESS)
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| GB/T 18384.1-2001 | English | 479 |
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Safety requirements of electric vehicles -- Part 1: board energy storage
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GB 18384-2020: Electric vehicles safety requirements---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GB18384-2020
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.020
T 40
Replacing GB/T 18384.1-2015, GB/T 18384.2-2015, GB/T 18384.3-2015
Electric vehicles safety requirements
Issued on. MAY 12, 2020
Implemented on. JANUARY 01, 2021
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
Introduction... 5
1 Scope... 6
2 Normative references... 6
3 Terms and definitions... 7
4 Voltage class... 7
5 Safety requirements... 8
5.1 Requirements for protection of persons against electric shock... 8
5.2 Requirements for functional safety protection... 14
5.3 Requirements for traction battery... 16
5.4 Requirements for collision protection of vehicles... 16
5.5 Requirements for flame-retardant protection of vehicles... 17
5.6 Requirements for vehicle charging interface... 17
5.7 Requirements for vehicle alarm and prompt... 17
5.8 Requirements for vehicle event data recording... 17
5.9 Requirements for electromagnetic compatibility... 17
6 Test methods... 17
6.1 Protection against direct contact... 17
6.2 Protection against indirect contact... 18
6.3 Waterproof of the whole vehicle... 25
6.4 Functional safety protection... 25
7 Date of implementation... 25
Appendix A (Normative) Method for verifying waterproof performance of class
B voltage components... 26
Bibliography... 28
Electric vehicles safety requirements
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the safety requirements and test methods for electric
vehicles.
This Standard applies to electric vehicles whose maximum working voltage of
the on-board drive system is class B voltage.
This Standard does not apply to road vehicles, which are continuously
connected to the grid during driving.
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For the dated references, only the editions with the dates indicated are
applicable to this document. For the undated references, the latest edition
(including all the amendments) are applicable to this document.
GB/T 4094.2 Electric vehicles - Symbols for controls, indicators and tell-tales
GB 7258-2017 Technical specifications for safety of power-driven vehicles
operating on roads
GB 8410 Flammability of automotive interior materials
GB/T 4208-2017 Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code)
GB 11551 The protection of the occupants in the event of a frontal collision
for motor vehicle
GB 17354 Front and rear protective devices for passenger cars
GB/T 18387 Limits and test method of magnetic and electric field strength
from electric vehicles
GB/T 19596 Terminology of electric vehicles
GB/T 19836 Instrumentation for electric vehicles
GB 20071 The protection of the occupants in the event of a lateral collision
GB/T 20234.1 Connection set for conductive charging of electric vehicles -
Part 1.General requirements
GB 26134 Roof crush resistance of passenger cars
GB/T 31498 The safety requirement of electric vehicle post-crash
GB 34660 Road vehicles - Requirements and test methods of
electromagnetic compatibility
GB 38031 Electric vehicles traction battery safety requirements
3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 19596 and the following ones apply
to this document.
3.1
Rechargeable electrical energy storage system; REESS
An energy storage system which is rechargeable and can provide electrical
energy.
3.2
Service disconnect
A device used to disconnect high-voltage circuits during check or maintenance
of battery packs and fuel cell stacks.
3.3
Conductive connection
USE conductors for conductive connection.
3.4
Direct driving
It refers to that the driver controls the vehicle through the steering wheel, brake
pedal, shift mechanism, accelerator pedal, etc.
4 Voltage class
According to the maximum working voltage, the electrical components or
circuits are divided into the following classes, see Table 1.
For class A voltage circuits and class B voltage circuits which are conductively
connected to each other, when one pole of a d.c. live part in the circuit is
connected to an electric platform, and the maximum voltage value of any other
live part to this pole is not greater than 30 V (a.c.) (rms) and not greater than
60 V (d.c.), then the conductive connection circuit is not completely a class B
voltage circuit; only the part, which operates at a class B voltage, is considered
a class B voltage circuit.
5 Safety requirements
5.1 Requirements for protection of persons against electric shock
5.1.1 General
Requirements for protection of persons against electric shock shall include the
following four parts.
- Requirements for high-voltage marking;
- Requirements for protection against direct contact;
- Requirements for protection against indirect contact;
- Waterproof requirements.
For class A voltage circuits and class B voltage circuits which are conductively
connected to each other, when one pole of a d.c. live part in the circuit is
connected to an electric platform, and the maximum voltage value of any other
live part to this pole is not greater than 30 V (a.c.) (rms) and not greater than
60 V (d.c.), then the requirements of 5.1.4.1, 5.1.4.2, 5.1.4.3, and 5.1.5 do not
apply to this circuit (including the d.c. part and a.c. part).
5.1.2 Requirements for high-voltage marking
5.1.2.1 Requirements for high-voltage warning mark
Class B voltage electrical energy storage systems or generating devices, such
as REESS and fuel cell stacks, shall be marked with the symbol shown in Figure
1.For class A voltage circuits and class B voltage circuits which are
conductively connected to each other, when one pole of a d.c. live part in the
circuit is connected to an electric platform, and the maximum voltage value of
any other live part to this pole is not greater than 30 V (a.c.) (rms) and not
greater than 60 V (d.c.), then REESS does not need to be marked with the
symbol shown in Figure 1.Otherwise, regardless of whether class B voltage
exists, REESS shall be marked with the symbol shown in Figure 1.The
background color of the symbol is yellow; the border and arrow are black.
When the live part of class B voltage can be exposed by removing the barrier
or enclosure, the same symbol shall be clearly visible on the barrier and
enclosure. When assessing whether this symbol is required, consideration shall
be given to the fact that the barrier or enclosure can be entered and removed.
5.1.2.2 Requirements for class B voltage wire marking
The outer skins of cables and wire harnesses in class B voltage circuits shall
be distinguished by orange, except those behind the barrier or inside the
enclosure which meet the requirements of 5.1.3.2.
5.1.3 Requirements for protection against direct contact
5.1.3.1 General
Protection against direct contact is, through insulating materials, enclosures or
barriers, to achieve physical isolation between the human body and class B
voltage live parts. The enclosure or the barrier can be either a conductor or an
insulator. The requirements for the direct contact protection of specific
components shall meet 5.1.3.2~5.1.3.5.
For M2 and M3 vehicle types, if a top charging device is arranged on the roof,
as shown in Figure 2.If the shortest path length from the lowest step of the
vehicle entrance to the exposed class B voltage live part of the top charging
device is at least 3 m, the exposed class B voltage live part of the top charging
device may not meet the requirements for protection against direct contact.
5.1.3.2 Barrier or enclosure requirements
If protection against electric shock is provided through a barrier or enclosure,
class B live parts shall be arranged in the enclosure or behind the barrier, to
prevent access to the live part from any direction.
The barrier and the enclosure need to meet the following two requirements.
a) The barriers and enclosures in the passenger cabin and cargo
compartment shall meet the requirements for degree of protection of
IPXXD in GB/T 4208-2017.The barriers and enclosures outside the
passenger cabin and cargo compartment shall meet the requirements for
degree of protection of IPXXB;
b) Usually, the barrier and the enclosure can only be opened or removed by
tools. If the barrier and the enclosure can be opened or removed without
using tools, there shall be some way to make the live part of class B
voltage therein, within 1 s after the barrier and the enclosure are opened,
meet at least one of the following two requirements.
- The a.c. circuit voltage shall drop to no more than 30 V (a.c.) (rms). The
d.c. circuit voltage shall drop to no more than 60 V (d.c.); or
- The total energy stored in the class B circuit is less than 0.2 J.
5.1.3.3 Connector requirements
The high-voltage connector shall not be opened without tools, except for the
following three cases.
a) After the high-voltage connector is separated, it shall meet the
requirements for degree of protection of IPXXB; or
b) The high-voltage connector requires at least two different actions to
separate it from the mutual docking ends. The high-voltage connector has
a mechanical locking relationship with some other mechanism. Before the
high-voltage connector is opened, the locking mechanism can only be
opened by using tools; or
c) After the high-voltage connector is separated, the voltage of the live part
of the connector can, within 1 s, be reduced to not more than 30 V (a.c.)
(rms) and not more than 60 V (d.c.).
5.2 Requirements for functional safety protection
5.2.1 Drive system power-on and -off procedures
From the power-off state of the drive system to the "drivable mode", the vehicle
shall go through at least two consciously different actions. At least one action is
to press the brake pedal.
Only one action is required from the "drivable mode" to the power-off state of
the drive system.
The driver shall be continuously or intermittently indicated that the vehicle is
already in the "drivable mode". When the driver leaves the vehicle, if the drive
system is still in the "drivable mode", the driver shall be alerted by an obvious
tell-tale (for example, an acoustic or optical signal).
When the vehicle is stopped, after the drive system is automatically or manually
shut down, it can only re-enter the "drivable mode" through the above
procedure.
5.2.2 Driving
5.2.2.1 Power reduction prompt
If the electric drive system adopts measures to automatically limit and reduce
the driving power of the vehicle, when the limitation and reduction of the driving
power affects the driving of the vehicle, the driver shall be alerted by an obvious
tell-tale (for example, an acoustic or optical signal).
5.2.2.2 REESS low battery prompt
If the low battery of REESS affects the driving of the vehicle, the driver shall be
alerted by an obvious tell-tale (for example, an acoustic or optical signal).
5.2.2.3 REESS thermal event alarm
If REESS is about to have a thermal runaway safety event, the driver shall be
alerted by an obvious tell-tale (for example, an acoustic or optical signal).
5.3 Requirements for traction battery
The safety of traction battery of electric vehicles shall comply with the
requirements of GB 38031.
5.4 Requirements for collision protection of vehicles
The frontal collision protection of electric vehicles shall meet the requirements
of GB 11551.The lateral collision protection shall meet the requirements of GB
20071.The crash resistance of front and rear protective devices shall meet the
requirements of GB 17354.The roof crush resistance shall meet the
requirements of GB 26134.The safety of electric vehicle post-crash shall meet
the requirements of GB/T 31498.
Note. The scope of application of this subclause is consistent with GB 11551, GB 20071,
GB 17354, GB 26134, and GB/T 31498.
6 Test methods
6.1 Protection against direct contact
During the test of protection against direct contact, the vehicle shall be in a
power-off state for the whole vehicle; all barriers and enclosures of the vehicle
shall be intact.
During the test process, without using other tools, in accordance with the test
methods of IPXXD and IPXXB in GB/T 4208-2017, the testing personnel only
use probes or test fingers to perform IP code tests on openings and connectors
outside and inside the vehicle.
In addition, through visual inspection and manufacturer's instructions, it is
possible to verify the compliance of the connector, high-voltage service
disconnect, and vehicle charging socket with the requirements for protection
against direct contact.
6.2 Protection against indirect contact
6.2.1 Insulation resistance test of the whole vehicle
6.2.1.1 Test preparation
The internal resistance of the voltage testing tool is not less than 10 MΩ. During
the measurement, if the insulation monitoring function will affect the test of the
whole vehicle's insulation resistance, the vehicle's insulation monitoring
function shall be turned off; or the insulation resistance monitoring unit shall be
disconnected from the class B voltage circuit, to avoid affecting the measured
value. Otherwise, the manufacturer can choose whether to turn off the
insulation monitoring function or disconnect the insulation monitoring unit from
the class B voltage circuit.
6.2.1.2 Measurement method for insulation resistance of circuits
containing class B voltage power supply
The specific measurement steps are as follows.
a) POWER on the vehicle, to ensure that all power and electronic switches
on the vehicle are activated.
b) USE the same two voltage testing tools to simultaneously measure the
voltage between the two terminals of REESS and the electric platform; as
shown in Figure 4.When the reading is stable, the higher one is U1; the
lower one is U1′.
c) ADD a known resistance R0.The resistance value should choose 1 MΩ.
As shown in Figure 5, it is connected in parallel between the U1 side
terminal of REESS and the electric platform. Then, use the two voltage
testing tools in step b) to simultaneously measure the voltage between the
two terminals of REESS and the electric platform. After the reading is
stable, the measured values are U2 and U2′.
6.2.1.3 Measurement method for insulation resistance of class B voltage
load without power supply
The specific measurement steps are as follows.
a) Disconnect all power supplies (including class A voltage power supplies)
of the class B voltage load under test;
b) Conductively connect all class B voltage live parts of the class B voltage
load each other;
c) Conductively connect all exposed conductive parts and class A voltage
parts of class B voltage load to the electric platform;
If there are multiple voltage classes in the conductively-connected circuit in the
system (for example. there is a boost converter in the system), and some
components cannot withstand the maximum working voltage of the entire circuit,
these components can be disconnected. USE their respective maximum
working voltages to individually measure the insulation resistance.
6.2.1.4 Calculation of the insulation resistance of the whole vehicle
For the vehicle with all class B voltage loads working at the same time,
according to the test method of 6.2.1.2, the insulation resistance of the whole
vehicle can be directly measured.
Otherwise, the insulation resistance of the class B voltage load, which cannot
be tested in 6.2.1.2, needs to be measured in accordance with 6.2.1.3.The
measured result Ri in 6.2.1.2 and the insulation resistance Rx of each class B
voltage load measured in 6.2.1.3 are calculated in parallel, which is the
insulation resistance of the whole vehicle.
6.2.2 Insulation resistance of charging socket
After the test of 6.2.1, continue the insulation resistance test of the charging
socket. The test method is as follows.
a) POWER off the vehicle and ensure that, all power and electronic switches
on the vehicle are in the inactive state;
b) USE an electrical lead to short-circuit the high-voltage terminals of the
charging socket, that is, the positive and negative terminals of the d.c.
charging socket or the phase terminals of the a.c. charging socket;
c) Connect the two probes of the insulation resistance test equipment to the
high-voltage terminal of the charging socket and the electric platform,
respectively. See Figure 6;
d) The detection voltage of the test equipment shall be set to be greater than
the highest charging voltage;
e) READ the insulation resistance value Ri of the charging port.
In addition, insulation resistance test equipment can also be used to
respectively test the insulation resistance between each high-voltage terminal
of the charging socket and the vehicle electric platform. The detection voltage
of the test equipment is required to be greater than the highest charging voltage.
Then, the parallel result is calculated, which is the insulation resistance of the
charging socket.
7 Date of implementation
For the vehicle types which newly apply for type approval, this Standard will be
implemented from the date of implementation. For vehicle types which have
received type approval, this Standard will be implemented from the 13th month
from the date of implementation.
Regarding the requirement that type M1 electric vehicles shall be equipped with
an event data recording system or an on-board video driving recording device,
the implementation date shall be in accordance with the requirements of 15.4
in GB 7258-2017.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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