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QC/T 243-2018 English PDF (QC/T 243-2004, QC/T 243-1997)

QC/T 243-2018_English: PDF (QC/T243-2018)
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QC/T 243-2018English150 Add to Cart 0--9 seconds. Auto-delivery Flatness requirements and test methods of wheel attachment face Valid QC/T 243-2018
QC/T 243-2004English199 Add to Cart 2 days [Need to translate] Performance requirements and test methods of automobile wheeldisc base planeness Obsolete QC/T 243-2004
QC/T 243-1997English199 Add to Cart 2 days [Need to translate] (Wheel mounting surface flatness requirements and test methods) Obsolete QC/T 243-1997


BASIC DATA
Standard ID QC/T 243-2018 (QC/T243-2018)
Description (Translated English) Flatness requirements and test methods of wheel attachment face
Sector / Industry Automobile & Vehicle Industry Standard (Recommended)
Classification of Chinese Standard T22
Word Count Estimation 14,173
Date of Issue 2018-04-30
Date of Implementation 2018-09-01
Older Standard (superseded by this standard) QC/T 243-2004
Regulation (derived from) Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Announcement No. 23 of 2018
Summary This standard specifies the flatness requirements and testing methods for the mounting surface of automobile wheels.

BASIC DATA
Standard ID QC/T 243-2004 (QC/T243-2004)
Description (Translated English) Performance requirements and test methods of automobile wheeldisc base planeness
Sector / Industry Automobile & Vehicle Industry Standard (Recommended)
Classification of Chinese Standard T22
Classification of International Standard 43.040
Word Count Estimation 4,456
Date of Issue 2004-10-20
Date of Implementation 2005-04-01
Older Standard (superseded by this standard) QC/T 243-1997
Adopted Standard JASO C614-1987, MOD
Drafting Organization Dicastal Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
Administrative Organization National Automotive Standardization Technical Committee
Regulation (derived from) Development and Reform Bulletin (04/ 61)
Summary This standard specifies the automobile wheel mounting surface flatness requirements and test methods. This standard applies to all vehicle wheels (hereinafter referred to as the wheels).

BASIC DATA
Standard ID QC/T 243-1997 (QC/T243-1997)
Description (Translated English) (Wheel mounting surface flatness requirements and test methods)
Sector / Industry Automobile & Vehicle Industry Standard (Recommended)
Classification of Chinese Standard T22
Classification of International Standard 43.040
Word Count Estimation 5,555
Date of Issue 1997/11/12
Date of Implementation 1998/7/1
Regulation (derived from) State-Development-Reform Notice (04/61)


QC/T 243-2018 AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ICS 43.040.50 T 22 Replacing QC/T 243-2004 Flatness requirements and test methods of wheel attachment face ISSUED ON: APRIL 30, 2018 IMPLEMENTED ON: SEPTEMBER 01, 2018 Issued by: Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China Table of Contents Announcement ... 4  Foreword ... 7  1 Scope ... 9  2 Normative references ... 9  3 Terms and definitions ... 9  4 Requirements ... 9  5 Sample ... 10  6 Test methods ... 10  7 Determination of acceptance ... 14  Formulation explanation for QC/T 243-2018 “Flatness requirements and test methods of wheel attachment face” ... 15  1 Job profile ... 15  2 Standard revision principles ... 17  3 Main revision contents ... 18  4 Analysis on main test situation ... 19  5 Expected social benefits and effects on industrial development ... 19  6 Adoption of international standards and advanced foreign standards... 20  7 Explanation on wheel standard system ... 20  8 Process and basis for major disagreements ... 20  9 Suggested description of the standard nature ... 20  10 Requirements for standard implementation and suggestions on measures ... 20  11 Proposal to abolish existing relevant standards ... 21  12 Other matters that shall be explained ... 21  Announcement of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China No. 23, 2018 It is hereby announced that the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology approved 594 industry standards (see the annex for standard references, names, main content and dates of implementation) such as "Medical film printer", including 33 chemical industry standards, 10 petrochemical industry standards, 11 metallurgical industry standards, 69 non-ferrous metal industry standards, 47 building materials industry standards, 1 gold industry standard, 247 mechanical industry standards, 8 automotive industry standards, 1 aviation industry standard, 7 ship industry standards, 66 light industry standards, 48 textile industry standards, 4 packaging industry standards, 6 civil explosive industry standards, 24 electronic industry standards, 12 communication industry standards. It approved 63 Industry measurement technical specifications such as “Calibration specification for pump comprehensive performance test bench”, including 19 mechanical engineering technical specifications, 6 petrochemical industry measurement technical specifications, 9 textile industry measurement technical specifications, 13 communication technology measurement technical specifications, and 16 electronic industry measurement technical specifications. The above chemical industry product standards are published by Chemical Industry Press. The chemical industry engineering construction, automotive industry standards are published by the Science and Technology Literature Publishing House. The petrochemical industry standards are published by Sinopec Publishing House. The metallurgical and non-ferrous metal industry standards are published by the Metallurgical Industry Press. The gold, textile and packaging industry standards are published by China Standard Press. The building materials industry standards are published by Building Materials Industry Press. The mechanical industry standards are published by the Machinery Industry Press. The light industry standards are published by China Light Industry Press. The aviation industry standards are published by China Aviation Integrated Technology Research Institute. The ship industry standards are published by China Shipbuilding Industry Comprehensive Technology Research Institute. The civil explosion industry standards are published by the China Ordnance Industry Standardization Institute. The electronic industry standards are published by the China Electronics Standardization Institute. The communication industry standards are published by the People's Posts and Telecommunications Press. The above technical specifications for machinery industry are published by the Machinery Industry Press. The technical specifications for petrochemical and textile industries are published by China Quality Inspection Press. The communication Industry metrology technical specifications are published by China Institute of Information and Communications. The electronic industry metrology technical specifications are published by China Electronics Technology Standardization Institute. Annex: References, names and dates of implementation of 8 automotive industry standards. Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China April 30, 2018 Annex: References, names and dates of implementation of 42 automotive industry standards No. Standard reference Standard name Standard reference being substituted Date of implementation (YY-MM-DD) 419 QC/T 243-2018 Flatness requirements and test methods of wheel attachment face QC/T 243-2004 2018-09-01 420 QC/T 1092-2018 Static stiffness test methods for 15° drop center commercial vehicle steel wheels 2018-09-01 421 QC/T 932-2018 Emergency shutoff valve of road tanker for dangerous liquid goods transportation QC/T 932-2012 2018-09-01 422 QC/T 456-2018 Bulk vehicles for particle grain QC/T 456-1999 2018-09-01 423 QC/T 790-2018 Performance requirements and bench test methods of brake chamber for automotive vehicle and trailer QC/T 790-2007 2018-09-01 424 QC/T 1093-2018 Side impact tube beam for passenger car 2018-09-01 425 QC/T 696-2018 The centralized lubrication system of automotive chassis QC/T 696-2011 2018-09-01 426 QC/T 695-2018 Automotive relay QC/T 695-2002 QC/T 419-1999 2018-09-01 Foreword This Standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009 “Directives for standardization - Part 1: Structure and drafting of standards”. This Standard replaces QC/T 243-2004 “Performance requirements and test methods of automobile wheels disc base planeness”. Compared with QC/T 243-2004, the main technical changes in this Standard are as follows: - modified the standard name to: “Flatness requirements and test methods of wheel attachment face”; - added normative references (see Clause 2); - added terms and definitions (see Clause 3); - added flatness requirements for light alloy wheel attachment face of commercial vehicle: ≤0.20 mm (see Clause 4); - modified flatness requirements for outer attachment face of commercial vehicle steel wheel: the original one was ≤0.50 mm; now it is unified as: the flatness requirements of inner, outer attachment faces are ≤0.40 mm (see Clause 4 of this Edition, Clause 2 of QC/T 243-2004); - modified measuring area requirements for attachment face of commercial vehicle wheel (see Clause 4 of this Edition, Annex A of QC/T 243-2004); - modified flatness requirements for attachment face of passenger vehicle steel wheel: the original one was ≤0.20 mm; now it is ≤0.15 mm (see Clause 4 of this Edition, Clause 2 of QC/T 243-2004); - deleted Annex A (Annex A of QC/T 243-2004). This Standard also made the following editorial modification to test methods: - divided the test method in QC/T 243-2004 into gap method and indicator method; described measuring steps in detail. This Standard does not involve patents. This Standard was proposed by and shall be under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee on Automobiles of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 114). The drafting organizations of this Standard: Shanghai Baosteel Wheel Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Daya Wheel Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Jiaxing Fengpai Wheel Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Ouxing Huanmei Parts Co., Ltd. Main drafters of this Standard: Xiang Bingzhi, Cai Jianzhong, Hao Shengfei, Li Wenjian, Jiang Yindi, Xiong Hongbing, Li Dong. Versions of standard substituted by this Standard are: - QC/T 243-2004; - QC/T 243-1997. Flatness requirements and test methods of wheel attachment face 1 Scope 1.1 This Standard specifies flatness requirements and test methods of wheel attachment face. 1.2 This Standard is applicable to automobile wheel. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB/T 2933, Wheels/rims for pneumatic tyres - Nomenclature, designation and marking 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions defined in GB/T 2933 apply. 4 Requirements 4.1 Flatness requirements for attachment face of commercial vehicle wheel See Table 1 for flatness requirements of commercial vehicle wheel attachment face. See Table 2 for measuring area requirements of attachment face. Table 1 -- Flatness requirements of commercial vehicle wheel attachment face mm Material Flatness requirements Steel ≤0.40 Light alloy ≤0.20 Table 2 -- Measuring area requirements of commercial vehicle wheel attachment face mm 4.2 Flatness requirements for attachment face of passenger vehicle wheel See Table 3 for flatness requirements for attachment face of passenger vehicle wheel. Table 3 -- Flatness requirements for attachment face of passenger vehicle wheel mm Material Flatness requirements Steel ≤0.15 Light alloy ≤0.10 (center concave) 5 Sample The sample to be tested shall be a new wheel that has completed all machining processes, that is not tested and used. 6 Test methods 6.1 Gap method I 6.1.1 Measuring gauge for testing The measuring gauge consists of flat plate (circular or cross-shaped) and feeler gauge. The flat plate shall be able to cover measuring area. Its flatness shall be Number of bolt holes Diameter of bolt hole distribution circle Minimum diameter of measuring area (inner) Minimum diameter of measuring area (outer) less than or equal to 0.02 mm. The flat plate’s roughness does not exceed . 6.1.2 Test method This test method is to use feeler gauge to measure the gaps BETWEEN some positions within the measuring area of attachment face AND flat plate, then take the maximum value as the flatness. Measure according to the following steps: a) Put the flat plate on the wheel attachment face to make the flat plate cover the measuring area, see Figure 1; b) Use feeler gauge to measure the gaps between the flat plate and the measuring area of attachment face. Measure at least 8 gaps for commercial vehicle wheel, 4 for outer ring and 4 for inner ring. For passenger vehicle, it shall measure each facet. Record the maximum gap; NOTE: When cross-shaped flat plate is used, the number of flat plate rotation shall not be less than twice. c) Take the maximum gap as the flatness of wheel attachment face. 1 - flat plate or cross-shaped flat plate; 2 - wheel a) Commercial vehicle wheel 1 - flat plate; 2 - wheel b) Passenger vehicle wheel Figure 1 -- Testing diagram of gap method I 6.2 Gap method II 6.2.1 Testing device Testing gauge consists of flat plate (circular ring shape) and dial indicator. The flat plate shall be able to cover measuring area. Its flatness shall be less than or equal to 0.02 mm. 6.2.2 Test method This test method is to use dial indicator to measure the gaps BETWEEN some positions within the measuring area of attachment face AND flat plate, then take the maximum value as the flatness. Measure according to the following steps: a) Place the flat plate that is equipped with dial indicator on base plane for zero-setting; b) Place the flat plate on the wheel attachment face. Put the dial indicator within the measuring area of attachment face. Record the difference between dial indicator hand and zero position, see Figure 2; c) Move the flat plate. Repeat the above step b). For commercial vehicle wheel, it shall select not less than 20 points in a scattering way within the measuring area of attachment face. Not less than 2 points are selected within each facet of passenger vehicle wheel. For passenger vehicle wheel, it shall select not less than 20 points in a scattering way within the measuring area of attachment face; d) Take the maximum difference hmax between dial indicator hand and zero position as the flatness of attachment face. 1 - dial indicator; 2 - pull handle; 3 - carry handle; 4 - wheel; 5 - flat plate; 6 - sliding block a) Commercial vehicle wheel 1 - dial indicator; 2 - flat plate; 3 - wheel b) Passenger vehicle wheel Figure 2 – Testing diagram of gap method II 6.3 Indicator method 6.3.1 Testing device Coordinate measuring machine. 6.3.2 Test method This test method is to use coordinate measuring machine to measure the amount of deviation between the measuring area of attachment face and the measuring base plane so as to evaluate the flatness. Measure according to the following steps: a) Put the wheel on the workbench of coordinate measuring machine; b) Within the measuring area of attachment face, randomly take three far points to fit the base plane; c) Move the measuring pointer. Measure the data of other points. Record the reading of each point hi. It is positive when it is higher than the base plane, negative when lower than the base plane. The points to be taken shall be scattered as much as possible. Take not less than 20 points for commercial vehicle wheel. Not less than 2 points shall be selected within each facet for passenger vehicle wheel. For light alloy wheel of passenger vehicle, it shall select not less than 20 points in a scattering way within attachment face; d) Take the difference between the maximum reading hmax and the minimum reading hmin as the flatness of wheel attachment face. 7 Determination of acceptance When the measuring results meet the requirements of 4.1 or 4.2, the flatness of the wheel attachment face to be tested shall be accepted. ____________________ Formulation explanation for QC/T 243-2018 “Flatness requirements and test methods of wheel attachment face” 1 Job profile 1.1 Task source The preparation and revision plan of this Standard was proposed on the sixth session of the fourth meeting of the Subcommittee on Wheels of National Technical Committee on Automobiles of Standardization Administration of China (hereinafter referred to as the Subcommittee) (held in Changsha), based on the requirements for the “Twelfth Five-Year” automotive wheel industry standard system. In accordance with “The plans for the third batch of automobile industry standard projects issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT)”, the project approval number is MIIT [2014] No. 628; the plan number is 2014-1630T-QC; the project name is “Flatness requirements and test methods of wheel attachment face”; the plan drafting organizations are Shanghai Baosteel Wheel Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Daya Wheel Manufacturing Co., Ltd. 1.2 Main working process In October 2011, on the meeting held in Changsha by the Subcommittee, it was determined that Shanghai Baosteel Wheel Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Daya Wheel Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Jiaxing Fengpai Wheel Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Ouxing Huanmei Parts Co., Ltd. would be responsible for the revision of QC/T 243 “Performance requirements and test methods of automobile wheels disc base planeness”. It also determined that the revision principle was to non- equivalently adopt JASO C614:2004 “Chassis and Brake - Automobile Parts - Disc Wheels”. Shanghai Baosteel Wheel Co., Ltd., in accordance with the standard of the Subcommittee Secretariat, made the revision plan and established the standard revision working group. Through the research on national, industry and international relevant standards, it translated JASO C614:2004 “Chassis and Brake - Automobile Parts - Disc Wheels”. During 2012~2013, the drafting group completed the first revision draft by researching and collecting the flatness test methods used by many wheel manufacturing companies. On September 2014, it submitted to the standard reviewing meeting held in Changzhou. On the meeting, the flatness requirements for steel and light alloy wheels of commercial vehicle and passenger vehicle were discussed and determined. See the table below. Vehicle type Vehicle wheel mounting type and measuring position Flatness requirements / mm Commercial vehicle Steel Outer attachment face ≤0.40 Inner attachment face ≤0.30 Light alloy Outer attachment face ≤0.20 Inner attachment face ≤0.20 Passenger vehicle Steel Attachment face ≤0.15 Light alloy ≤0.10 In October 2015, on the second session of the fifth meeting held in Hefei, the drafting group submitted the standard draft to participating experts and committee members. After discussion clause by clause, article by article, three comments were proposed: to modify the standard’s English name, be consistent with the terminology of GB/T 2933; to unify the flatness requirements for inner, outer attachment faces of commercial vehicle wheel as ≤0.40 mm, adding flatness requirements for attachment face of commercial vehicle light alloy wheel as ≤0.20 mm; to re-edit the gap method and the indicator method. The drafting group, based on the meeting comments, modified and improved the draft, formed a draft for comments and instructions for preparation. In September 2016, it asked for public consultation from the industry. 7 comments were received from 5 organizations. The drafting group collected and dealt with the feedbacks. 3 were accepted, and 1 was rejected; the rest 3 comments that could not be determined were submitted to all committee members to review and determine. The review draft that had been modified and improved was submitted to the standard reviewing meeting in November 2016 held in Chongqing to review. On the meeting, each member discussed the submitted standard draft article by article. 6 comments on revision were proposed: 1) Foreword: deleted “adding requirements for measuring area of passenger vehicle wheel attachment face”, added the releasement of previous versions; 2) Normative references: deleted GB/T 11337, GB/T 16857.1; 3) Table 2 in 4.1: divided the flatness measuring area of commercial vehicle wheel attachment face according to inner side, outer side; modified the measuring range of outer attachment face; added measuring area requirements for 8 bolt holes, wheels of which the diameter of distribution circle is Φ285 mm; 4) in 4.2: deleted flatness measuring area requirements for passenger vehicle wheel attachment face; in Table 3, modified the flatness requirements for passenger vehicle steel wheel as ≤0.15 mm; the flatness measuring area of attachment face was not divided into inner side, outer side; 5) Clause 6: added plane roughness requirements for measuring gauge for testing in 6.1.1; added testing diagram for passenger vehicle wheel in gap method I; in measuring steps of gap method II, added measuring point requirements for commercial vehicle wheel and passenger vehicle wheel; modified measuring step c) as “Move the flat plate. Repeat the above step b). For commercial vehicle wheel, it shall select not less than 20 points in a scattering way within the measuring area of attachment face. Not less than 2 points are selected within each facet of passenger vehicle wheel. For passenger vehicle wheel, it shall select not less than 20 points in a scattering way within the measuring area of attachment face;”; 6) Clause 7: modified as “When the measuring results meet the requirements of 4.1 or 4.2, the flatness of the wheel attachment face to be tested shall be accepted.”. 1.3 Members of working group and their jobs Xiang Bingzhi: responsible for the collection, translation of standard information, collection of feedbacks and standard writing; Cai Jianzhong: responsible for the test and writing of flatness test method of passenger vehicle wheel; Hao Shengfei: responsible for the test and writing of flatness test method of aluminum alloy wheel; Li Wenjian: responsible for the test and writing of flatness test method of aluminum alloy wheel; Jiang Yindi: responsible for the preparation, collection, reorganizing of commercial vehicle’s technical requirements and standard writing; Xiong Hongbing: responsible for the verification of wheel flatness test method; Li Dong: responsible for the verification of wheel flatness test method. 2 Standard revision principles This Standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009 “Directives for standardization - Part 1: Structure and drafting of standards”. It meets the requirements in standard frame, structure and content. This Standard non-equivalently adopted JASO C614:2004 “Chassis and Brake - Automobile Parts - Disc Wheels”. At the same time, it also referred to GB/T 11337-2004 “Measurement of departures from flatness” and GB/T 16857 “Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Acceptance and reverification tests for coordinate measuring machines (CMM)”. The test methods in QC/T 243-2004 were divided into the gap method and the indicator method. The measuring steps were described in detail to make the testing during production more maneuverable. 3 Main revision contents 3.1 Application scope This Standard is applicable to automobile wheel. 3.2 Normative references Added normative reference: GB/T 2933 “Wheels/rims for pneumatic tyres - Nomenclature, designation and marking”. 3.3 Technical differences with QC/T 243-2004 - modified the standard name to: “Flatness requirements and test methods of wheel attachment face”; - added normative references (see Clause 2); - added terms and definitions (see Clause 3); - added flatness requirements for light alloy wheel attachment face of commercial vehicle: ≤0.20 mm (see Clause 4); - modified flatness requirements for outer attachment face of commercial vehicle steel wheel: the original one was ≤0.50 mm; now it is unified as: the flatness requirements of inner, outer attachment faces are ≤0.40 mm (see Clause 4 of this Edition, Clause 2 of QC/T 243-2004); - modified measuring area requirements for attachment face of commercial vehicle wheel (see Clause 4 of this Edition, Annex A of QC/T 243-2004); - modified flatness requirements for attachment face of passenger vehicle steel wheel: the original one was ≤0.20 mm; now it is ≤0.15 mm (see Clause 4 of this Edition, Clause 2 of QC/T 243-2004); - deleted Annex A (Annex A of QC/T 243-2004). This Standard also made the following editorial modification to test methods: - divided the test method in QC/T 243-2004 into the gap method and the indicator method; described measuring steps in detail. 4 Analysis on main test situation For steel wheel and light alloy wheel, due to different manufacturing processes, the dimensional accuracy varies greatly. Steel wheels are generally stamped from steels. Light alloy wheels are generally cast and machined from billets. The dimensional accuracy of light alloy wheel is better than steel wheel. Therefore, the flatness requirements for steel wheels and light alloy wheels are different. At the same time, the structure of commercial vehicle wheel is different from that of passenger vehicle wheel, so the flatness requirements of the two are different. The standard preparation group analyzed the flatness of various wheels produced by Shanghai Baosteel Wheel Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Daya Wheel Manufacturing Co., Ltd. in the past two years. It also referred to QC/T 243-2004 and foreign standard parameters. Based on the comparison with the testing results of productions and tests of several large domestic wheel manufacturers, it proposed bounce requirements in Table 1 and Table 2, which were discussed and approved on the meeting held in Hefei. Table 1 -- Flatness requirements of commercial vehicle wheel attachment face mm Material Flatness requirements Steel ≤0.40 Light alloy ≤0.20 Table 2 -- Flatness requirements of passenger vehicle wheel attachment face mm Material Flatness requirements Steel ≤0.15 Light alloy ≤0.10 (center concave) 5 Expected social benefits and effects on industrial development The flatness of wheel attachment face is one important safety indicator for vehicle. According to the research on attenuation to wheel mounting nut torque caused by flatness of wheel attachment face as well as the jitter effects when vehicle brakes, this Standard improved the technical requirements for flatness indicator in QC/T 243-2004. Meanwhile, it re-edited the gap method and the indicator method to make the test methods during production more operational and practical. It also played a guiding role in the improvement of wheel manufacturing technology. 6 Adoption of international standards and advanced foreign standards This Standard non-equivalently adopted the contents of sub-clause 6.3 in JASO C614:2004 “Chassis and Brake - Automobile Parts - Disc Wheels”. 7 Explanation on wheel standard system This Standard belongs to the third category of vehicle wheel standard system - - Dimensions and detection methods. The number of this Standard in the system is QC-102-202-302-403-503-008. During the revision process, this Standard referred to GB/T 11337-2004 “Measurement of departures from flatness” and GB/T 16857 “Geometrical Product Specification (GPS) - Acceptance and reverification tests for coordinate measuring machines”. It divided the test method in QC/T 243-2004 into the gap method and the indicator method. It described the measuring steps of dial indicator method and three-coordinate method in details. This Standard has nothing to run counter to current regulations, current standards, and established standards. 8 Process and basis for major disagreements During the preparation of this Standard, there were no major disagreements. 9 Suggested description of the standard nature This Standard is an automotive industry standard. It is recommended as a recommendatory standard to promote in the wheel industry. 10 Requirements for standard implementation and suggestions on measures After the publication of this Standard, it is recommended to organize and implement it through the National Technical Committee on Automobiles of Standardization Administration of China. 11 Proposal to abolish existing relevant standards Since the implementation of this Standard, QC/T 243-2004 “Performance requirements and test methods of automobile wheels disc base planeness” is recommended to be repealed simultaneously. 12 Other matters that shall be explained None. __________ END __________ ......

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