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JTG D20-2017: Design Specification for Highway Alignment---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/JTGD20-2017
JTG
INDUSTRIAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE��S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Design specification for highway alignment
Issued on. SEPTEMBER 28, 2017
Implemented on. JANUARY 01, 2018
Issued by. Ministry of Transport of PRC
INDUSTRIAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE��S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Design specification for highway alignment
Main drafting organization. CCCC First Highway Survey, Design and
Research Institute Co., Ltd.
Approval department. Ministry of Transport of the People's Republic
of China
Implementation date. January 01, 2018
People's Communications Press Co., Ltd
Announcement of the Ministry of Transport of the
People's Republic of China
No.38
Table of Contents
Foreword... 7
1 General... 9
2 Highway classification and class selection... 11
3 Highway traffic capacity... 16
4 Overall design... 26
5 Route selection... 33
6 Lateral section of highway... 36
7 Highway plane... 50
8 Longitudinal section of highway... 62
9 Alignment design... 70
10 Level crossing between highway and highway... 82
11 Level crossing between highway and highway... 95
12 Crossing between highways and railways, country roads, pipelines... 120
13 Facilities along the highway... 130
Explanation of terms used in this specification... 139
1 General
1.0.1 In order to guide highway design, reasonably determine highway's
functions, technical classes, construction scale, main technical indicators, this
specification is hereby formulated.
1.0.2 This specification is applicable to the design of newly constructed,
reconstructed, expanded highways.
1.0.3 For the highway design, it shall determine the highway function, through
comprehensive analysis, based on regional characteristics, traffic
characteristics, highway network structure. It shall be based on the highway
functions, combining the traffic capacity and terrain conditions, etc., to select
technical grades and main technical indicators.
1.0.4 All classes of highways shall be subject to overall design. The overall
design shall run through all stages of the highway construction project, from the
feasibility study to the construction drawing design; cover all relevant disciplines
of the highway construction project.
1.0.5 For the highway design, it shall be based on highway functions, use tasks,
roles in the highway network, comprehensively consider multiple transportation
modes, such as railways, waterways, aviation, pipelines, etc., as well as the
relationship between highways and cities & towns, farmland planning, to
implement the comprehensive transport development requirements, AND
reasonably demonstrate and determine the route direction and corridor belt.
1.0.6 For the alignment plan, it shall, based on the selected corridor belt AND
the main control points, carry out the layout and overall design, to rationally use
the technical indicators. The feasible alignment plan shall be compared and
selected, to determine the design plan. When different design speeds, technical
indicators or design plans have obvious impacts on operational safety,
engineering cost, natural environment, social and economic benefits, etc.,
THEN, it shall carry out the technical and economic demonstrations, of the
same depth.
1.0.7 For the line position of the alignment, it shall make full investigation on the
engineering geology, hydrogeology, meteorological conditions, natural
disasters, highway construction materials, ecological environment, natural
landscapes, etc., according to the topography and ground conditions. It shall
be selected based on the study of regional climate characteristics, along the
route. Meanwhile, it shall choose the main horizontal and vertical technical
indicators.
1.0.8 For the alignment design, it must implement the basic national policy of
strengthening environmental protection and rational use of land resources. In
the process of determining the design of the structure form and layout of the
artificial structures, such as roadbeds, pavements, bridges, tunnels, crossings,
traffic engineering, facilities along the line, as well as the soil borrowing &
disposal yard and land acquisition, it shall reduce the impact of highway
construction, on the ecological environment along the route. Meanwhile, it shall
combine the greening OR take corresponding engineering measures, to
coordinate and improve the coordination, BETWEEN the artificial structures
AND natural landscapes along the route, thereby improving the environmental
quality of the highway.
1.0.9 The alignment of highway shall be designed, according to the design
speed. It shall use the running speed for inspection; maintain linear continuity.
It shall comprehensively coordinate the relationship between the highway plane,
longitudinal section, lateral section, so that the plane is smooth and suitable,
the longitudinal section is balanced, the lateral section is reasonable.
1.0.10 For the expressways, primary highways, secondary arterial highways,
they shall be evaluated for traffic safety during design. For other highways, it
may also carry out evaluation of traffic safety, when conditions permit.
1.0.11 When the highway adopts the phased construction plan, the overall
design must follow the principles of overall planning and phased
implementation, so that the early-phase projects can still be fully utilized in the
later phase; meanwhile, there is room for the construction of later projects AND
to create favorable conditions.
1.0.12 When the highway is reconstructed and expanded, it shall carry out
demonstration and comparison-selection, for the reconstruction and expansion
plan AND the partial new construction plan. When adopting the reconstruction
and expansion plan, it shall follow the principle of combining utilization and
reconstruction, to utilize the original project reasonably and fully.
1.0.13 In addition to complying with the provisions of this specification, the
highway design shall also comply with the current relevant national and industry
standards.
2 Highway classification and class selection
2.1 Highway functions and classification
2.1.1 Highways are classified, according to the traffic functions, into arterial
highways, distribution highways, branch highways. Arterial highways are
divided into primary arterial highways and secondary arterial highways.
Distribution highways are divided into primary distribution highways and
secondary distribution highways.
2.1.2 Highways are classified into five technical classes. expressways, first-
class highways, second-class highways, third-class highways, fourth-class
highways, according to traffic characteristics and ability to control interference.
2.2 Technical class of highway and selection of design speed
2.2.1 The traffic volume forecast for highway design shall meet the following
requirements.
3 Highway traffic capacity
3.1 General requirements
3.1.1 For the highway design, it shall carry out analysis and evaluation of traffic
capacity and service level, so that the service level is balanced and coordinated;
meanwhile it shall meet the following requirements.
3.1.2 For the analysis and evaluation of the capacity and service level of
expressways and first-class highways, it shall be carried out in different
directions. For the second-class and third-class highways, it shall be carried out
according to the two-way overall traffic flow. For the continuous uphill segments
of third-class and above highways, they shall be subject to the analysis and
evaluation, separately, of the traffic capacity and service level.
3.2 Service level
3.2.1 For the designed service level of highway, it shall be reasonably selected,
according to highway function, technical level, topographical conditions, etc.,
which shall not be lower than the provisions in Table 3.2.1.
3.3 Designed hourly traffic volume
3.3.1 The designed hourly traffic volume of the highway should be the 30th hour
traffic volume of the year; it may also, according to the change characteristics
of the hourly traffic volume of local highway, use the traffic volume of the most
economical and reasonable time, between the 20th and 40th hour of the year.
3.3.2 The designed hourly traffic volume (DDHV) of expressways and first-class
highways shall be calculated according to formula (3.3.2).
4 Overall design
4.1 General provisions
4.1.1 The overall design shall demonstrate and determine the highway function,
technical standards, construction scale, construction plan.
4.2 Highway functions and technical standards
4.2.1 It shall, based on national and regional highway network structure and
planning, regional characteristics, traffic characteristics, construction goals,
comprehensively analyze the position and role of highways in the highway
network; demonstrate and determine the functions of highways.
4.3 Construction scale and construction plan
4.3.1 It shall, based on highway network planning and highway functions,
comprehensively consider the layout and planning of railways, waterways,
aviation, pipelines and other integrated transportation systems, within the
corridors belts of the route, the status quo and development plans of cities and
industrial and mining enterprises, the development and utilization of natural
resources. It shall determine, through study, the start and end points of the route,
the main control points, the length of the route, the number of crossings, the
configuration of management and service facilities, etc., to determine the scale
of construction.
4.4 Environmental protection and resource conservation
4.4.1 It shall adhere to the principles of "Protection first, prevention as the
mainstay, governance as the supplement, comprehensive management";
strictly implement the engineering construction project's environmental impact
assessment, preparation of soil and water conservation plan, environmental
protection ��three simultaneous�� system [translator's note.
4.4.2 It shall strengthen the comprehensive comparison-selection of route
corridors and route plans; use the resource occupation such as land occupation,
mineral overburden, as well as other environmental impacts such as high slope
excavation and river occupation, as important indicators for plan selection; give
priority to the plans, which have less resource occupation and little
environmental impact.
4.5 Design inspection and safety evaluation
4.5.1 The highway design shall use the running speed method, to analyze and
inspect the alignment design, geometric indicators, combination design of line
shapes, to inspect the coordination and consistency of the running speed.
4.5.2 For the expressways, first-class highways, second-class arterial highways,
it shall carry out the traffic safety evaluation, during design.
5 Route selection
5.0.1 Route selection shall include the whole process, of determining the basic
direction of the route, the corridor zone of route, the route plan to the selected
route position.
5.0.2 The route direction and the selection of main control points shall meet the
following requirements.
5.0.4 Highway's route selection shall follow the following principles.
5.0.5 Highway's route selection shall meet the following requirements.
5.0.6 For the route selection of highway, it may adopt the method of alignment
on paper or alignment on-site, which shall meet the following requirements.
6 Lateral section of highway
6.1 General provisions
6.1.1 The composition of the standard lateral section of highway roadbed shall
meet the following requirements.
6.1.2 The form of lateral section of highway roadbed shall be determined,
according to the conditions of highway function, technical level, traffic volume,
topography, etc. Examples of forms of lateral section of general roadbed of
highways, at all classes, are as shown in Figure 6.1.2-1 ~ Figure 6.1.2-4;
meanwhile it shall meet the following requirements.
6.1.3 For the width of each component of the lateral section of the highway
roadbed, it shall be determined comprehensively, according to the highway
technical level, traffic volume, traffic composition, the function of each
component of the lateral section. At the same time, it shall meet the following
requirements.
6.3 Medial strip
6.3.1 For the integral roadbed section of expressways and first-class highways,
it must be provided with a medial strip, which is composed of two left-side
marginal strips AND a central separation zone. It shall meet the following
requirements.
6.3.2 For the spacing between the separated roadbeds, it shall meet the needs
of setting necessary drainage and safety protection facilities, meanwhile be
compatible with the terrain and surrounding landscape.
6.5 Slope of road camber
6.5.1 For the integral roadbed of the expressway and the first-class highway,
the road camber should adopt two-way road camber slope, which is inclined
from the center of the highway to both sides. When located in an area with
moderate rainfall, the slope of the road camber should be 2%. When located in
an area with high rainfall, the slope of the road camber can be appropriately
increased.
6.5.2 For the separated roadbed of the expressway and the first-class highway,
the road camber should adopt one-way lateral slope, which is inclined to the
outside of the roadbed, OR a two-way road camber slope. For snow-covered
and frozen areas, it should adopt two-way road camber slope.
7 Highway plane
7.1 General provisions
7.1.1 The planar alignment of the highway is composed of three linear elements.
straight-line, circular curve, transition curve. The highway's planar transition
curve shall adopt the spiral line.
7.2 Straight-line
7.2.1 The length of the straight-line should not be too long. When a long
straight-line is used, due to topographical conditions or other special conditions,
it shall take corresponding technical measures, in light of the specific conditions
along the route.
7.3 Circular curve
7.4 Spiral line
7.4.1 At the radial connection, BETWEEN the straight-line of expressways, first-
class highways, second-class highways, third-class highways, AND the
minimum radius of a circular curve, without superelevation, that is less than
those in Table 7.4.1, it shall set a spiral line.
7.5 Superelevation of circular curve
7.5.1 When the radius of the circular curve is smaller than the minimum radius
of the circular curve, which has not superelevation circular, as specified in Table
7.4.1, the superelevation shall be set on the curve AND meet the following
requirements.
7.7 Superelevation and widened transitional segments of
fourth-class highway
7.7.1 For the fourth-class highway, it may not set the spiral line, BUT be
replaced by superelevation and widened transition segment. When the straight-
line connects the circular curve, which has the minimum radius without
superelevation in Table 7.4.1 AND is required to be widened as specified, it shall
set the superelevation and widened transition segment.
7.7.2 For the superelevation and widening transition segment of the fourth-class
highway, the length shall be calculated according to the relevant requirements
of superelevation and widening, respectively, whichever is longer; however, the
minimum length shall meet the requirements, that the gradient rate is 1.15 AND
not less than 10 m.
8 Longitudinal section of highway
8.1 General provisions
8.1.1 The design elevation of the longitudinal section, that is, the design
elevation of the roadbed, shall meet the following requirements.
8.1.2 The design flood frequency of the roadbed shall comply with the
requirements in Table 8.1.2.It shall also comply with the following requirements.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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