JGJT487-2020 PDF English
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JGJ/T 487-2020: Technical standard for control of building vibration with wind load---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/JGJT487-2020
UDC
JGJ
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
P JGJ/T 487-2020
Record No.. J2848-2020
Technical Standard for Control of Building Vibration with
Wind Load
Issued on. JUNE 29, 2020
Implemented on. NOVEMBER 01, 2020
Issued by. Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s
Republic of China
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Technical Standard for Control of Building Vibration with
Wind Load
Approved by. Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of
China
Implemented on. NOVEMBER 01, 2020
2020 Beijing
No.145 [2020] Announcement of the Ministry of Housing and
Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China
Foreword
According to the requirements of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development’s
Notice on Issuing (Formulation and Revision Plan of Engineering Construction Standards and
Specifications in 2013) (JB[2013]No.6), after extensive investigation and research, the standard
formulation group carefully summed up practical experience, referred to relevant international
standards and advanced foreign standards, and compiled this standard on the basis of extensive
solicitation of opinions.
The main technical contents of this Standard include. 1 General Provisions; 2 Terms and
Symbols; 3 Basic Requirements; 4 Wind Load; 5 Wind-Induced Structural Vibration Control
Based on Viscous and Viscoelastic Damper; 6 Wind-Induced Structural Vibration Control
Based on Tuned Mass/Liquid Damper; 7 Wind-Induced Structural Vibration Control Based on
Active-Passive Hybrid Tuned Mass Damper; 8 Seismic Resistance Design Requirements for
Wind-Induced Structural Vibration Control System.
This Standard was managed by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development; and
was interpreted technical contents by Harbin Institute of Technology. If any comments or
suggestions arises during the implementation process, please send them to Harbin Institute of
Technology (Address. Room 309, School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology,
No.73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin; Zip code. 150090)
Chief drafting organization of this Standard. Harbin Institute of Technology
Participating drafting organization of this Standard. Dalian University of Technology; Tongji
University; Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen); Guangzhou University; City University
of Hong Kong; Beijing University of Technology; Beijing Institute of Architectural Design;
China Academy of Building Research; China Electronics Engineering Design Institute Co.,
Ltd.; China Southwest Architectural Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd.; and CCDI
International Design Consulting Co., Ltd.
Chief drafting staffs of this Standard. Ou Jinping, Li Hui, Zhang Dongyu, Jin Xignyan, Chen
Wenli, Gu Ming, Xiao Yiqing, Lou Yu, Guo Anxin, Feng Yuan, Tan Ping, Teng Jun, Yang
Weibiao, Wu Bin, Fu Xueyi, Li Qiusheng, Yan Weiming, Guan Xinchun, Li Luyu, and Laima
Shujin.
Chief auditors of this Standard. Xu Jian, Yu Yinquan, Liang Shuguo, Xie Zhuangning, Li
Shengyong, Zhang Lingxin, Xu Zhaodong, Li Shouying, and Duan Yuanfeng.
Table of Contents
1 General Provisions... 7
2 Terms and Symbols... 8
3 Basic Requirements... 12
4 Wind Load... 19
4.1 General requirements... 19
5 Wind-Induced Structural Vibration Control Based on Viscous and Viscoelastic
Damper... 30
6 Wind-Induced Structural Vibration Control Based on Tuned Mas/Liquid Damper. 38
7 Wind-Induced Structural Vibration Control Based on Active-Passive Hybrid Tuned
Mass Damper... 47
8 Seismic Resistance Design Requirements for Wind Vibration Control System... 57
Explanation of Wording in This Standard... 58
List of Quoted Standards... 59
1 General Provisions
1.0.1 This Standard is formulated in order to reduce wind-induced vibration of building
structures, improve structural safety, applicability and comfort; correctly use vibration control
technology; achieve advanced technology, reasonable economy, safety and applicability, and
ensure quality.
1.0.2 This Standard applies to the design, inspection and installation of wind-induced structural
vibration control systems for new and existing building structures; it does not apply to long-
span roof structures.
1.0.3 The combined system of controlled building structures and wind-induced structural
vibration control system can also be used for structural seismic resistance control; when it is
also used for structural seismic resistance control, it shall meet both the structural wind
resistance and seismic resistance design requirements at the same time.
1.0.4 The design, inspection and installation of the wind-induced structural vibration control
system of the building structure shall not only comply with the provisions of this Standard, but
also comply with the provisions of current relevant national standards.
2 Terms and Symbols
2.1 Terms
2.1.1 Controlled structure
The building structure installed wind-induced structural vibration control system.
2.1.2 Wind-induced structural vibration control system
Components and devices that are installed on the controlled structure to provide control force
for the structure, increase structural damping or change the structural stiffness to reduce the
wind-induced response of the structure.
2.1.3 Combined system of controlled building structures and wind-induced vibration control
system
The system that is composed of controlled structure and wind-induced structural vibration
control system.
2.1.4 Designed wind load
The wind load that is used in the wind vibration control design and wind vibration response
checking calculation of the controlled structure, including equivalent wind load and wind load
time-history.
3 Basic Requirements
3.1 General requirements
3.1.1 The wind-induced structural vibration control system should be selected according to the
following provisions.
3.1.5 The wind-induced structural vibration control system shall meet the following
requirements.
3.1.7 For controlled structures with seismic-resistance fortification requirements, the influence
of wind-induced structural vibration control system on the structure's seismic response shall be
considered. When the wind-induced structural vibration control system is also used for the
seismic control of the controlled structure, the design of the wind-induced structural vibration
control system shall be carried out according to the relevant provisions of Clause 8 of this
Standard and the current national standard GB 50011 Code for Seismic Design of Buildings.
3.1.8 Design documents shall indicate the performance parameters of the wind-induced
structural vibration control system, and the wind-induced structural vibration control system or
its components shall be tested according to the requirements of this Standard.
3.2 Calculation of controlled structural responses subject to wind load
3.3 Design requirements of the wind-induced structural vibration control system
3.3.1 The allowable value of the control force of the wind-induced structural vibration control
system should be greater than 1.2 times the design value of the control force; the allowable
value of the displacement and velocity of the wind-induced structural vibration control system
should be greater than 1.2 times the design value, respectively.
3.3.6 Measures shall be taken during the construction process to avoid damaging the anti-
corrosion paint, and the anti-corrosion condition shall be checked after installation.
3.4 Testing of the wind-induced structural vibration control system
3.4.1 Before installing different types of wind-induced structural vibration control systems, the
systems or components shall be inspected according to the provisions of the corresponding
Clauses of this Standard.
3.4.2 The inspection of viscous and viscoelastic dampers shall comply with the provisions of
Subclause 5.4 of this Standard.
3.4.3 The inspection of tuned mass/liquid dampers and active-passive hybrid tuned mass
dampers shall meet the following requirements.
4 Wind Load
4.1 General requirements
4.1.1 When the along-wind direction vibration of the controlled structure is dominated by the
first-order vibration, the along-wind equivalent wind load can be calculated according to the
relevant provisions in Subclause 4.2 of this Standard.
4.1.2 When the facade of the controlled structure is regular and the plane is circular or
rectangular, the equivalent wind load of the across-wind and torsional wind vibration can be
calculated according to the relevant provisions of Subclause 4.3 of this Standard.
4.1.4 The wind load time history used in the design and check calculation of the wind vibration
control of the controlled structure should meet the following requirements.
4.2 Equivalent wind load of the structural along-wind direction vibration
The equivalent wind load area of the controlled structure along the wind direction shall take the
maximum projected area perpendicular to the wind direction; the standard value of the
equivalent wind load per unit area perpendicular to the building surface can be calculated
according to the following Formula.
4.2.3 When taking into account the addition damping ratio provided by the wind-induced
structural vibration control system to the controlled structure, the resonance component factor
of the fluctuating wind load can be calculated according to the following Formula.
4.3.6 The equivalent wind loads of the along-wind direction vibration, the across-wind direction
vibration, and torsional wind vibration should consider the combined wind load conditions
specified in the current national standard GB 50009 Load Code for the Design of Building
Structures.
4.4.3 The fluctuating wind load along the height of the controlled structure can be calculated
according to the following Formula.
5 Wind-Induced Structural Vibration Control Based on Viscous and Viscoelastic Damper
5.1 General requirements
5.1.1 The performance of the viscous damper and viscoelastic damper controlled by wind
vibration shall meet the following requirements.
5.2 Damping force model
5.2.1 When the equivalent linear model is adopted, the control force of viscous and viscoelastic
dampers should be calculated according to the following Formula.
5.2.3 The equivalent linear stiffness and damping coefficient of the viscous damper should be
calculated according to the following Formula.
5.3 Design specification
5.3.1 When using the equivalent wind load method to calculate the wind vibration response of
the controlled structure, the equivalent linear model of the damper shall be used.
5.3.2 When using the time-history analysis method to calculate the wind vibration response of
the controlled structure, the total mechanical model of the combined system of controlled
building structures and wind-induced vibration control system including the controlled
structure mechanical model and the damper mechanical model shall be used.
5.5 Connection and installation
5.5.1 The viscous damper should be connected by joints at both ends, so that the connecting
parts can only bear axial deformation.
5.5.2 The liquid of the viscous damper should be non-toxic, non-corrosion, non-flammable and
non-explosive.
5.5.3 During the installation process, the viscoelastic damper should be protected so that the
damper can only bear shear deformation; and there should be no out-of-plane deformation
leading to tearing of the damper.
6 Wind-Induced Structural Vibration Control Based on Tuned Mas/Liquid Damper
6.1 General requirements
6.1.1 The tuned mass/liquid damper should be arranged on the top layer of the controlled
structure or at the peak of the controlled vibration mode. When controlling the torsional wind
vibration of the controlled structure, Two tuned mass/liquid dampers should be arranged on the
top layer of the controlled structure or at peak of the controlled vibration mode far away from
the centroid; or one tuned mass/liquid damper is arranged eccentrically.
6.2 Mechanical parameters of tuned mass/liquid damper
6.2.1 The design documents shall indicate the following parameters.
6.2.2 The natural circular frequency, damping ratio and mass participation coefficient of the
tuned liquid damper with the rectangular water tank can be calculated according to the
following Formula.
v - viscosity coefficient of the fluid.
6.2.4 The natural circular frequency, damping ratio and mass participation coefficient of the
tuned liquid damper with the U-shaped water tank can be calculated according to the following
Formula.
6.3 Design specification
6.3.1 The control force of the tuned mass/liquid damper acting on the controlled structure
should be determined by the following Formula.
6.5.3 The water tank of the tuned liquid damper shall be closely connected with the structure to
ensure that the water tank and the structure move together without relative slippage; the water
tank of the tuned liquid damper shall not overturn during operation.
6.5.4 After the tuned liquid damper system is installed, water shall be injected to test the
airtightness of the water tank.
7 Wind-Induced Structural Vibration Control Based on Active-Passive Hybrid Tuned Mass Damper
7.1 General requirements
7.1.1 The design of the wind-induced structural vibration control system of the active-passive
hybrid tuned mass damper shall not only comply with the provisions of this Clause, but also
comply with the relevant provisions of tuned mass damper in Clause 6.
7.2 Design specification
7.2.1 The design documents shall indicate the following performance parameters of the active-
passive hybrid tuned mass damper, such as inertial mass, stiffness coefficient, damping
coefficient, natural frequency, damping ratio, calculation method of active control force and
damper stroke, velocity, and the design value and allowable value of the control force, etc.
7.2.2 The design of the inertial mass, stiffness coefficient and damping coefficient of the active-
passive hybrid tuned mass damper should meet the following requirements.
7.2.3 The active control force of the active-passive hybrid tuned mass damper can be
determined according to the following Formula.
7.3.3 The instruction manual of the driving device shall include the following parameters.
8 Other relevant mechanical and electrical parameters.
7.3.4 The system dynamics model of active-passive hybrid tuned mass damper used for control
algorithm design shall be determined through experiments.
operators and users.
7.4.6 When the hybrid tuned mass damper is accepted, the hardware and software of the control
system shall be run together for joint debugging; the operation test shall be carried out, and the
test acceptance report shall be provided.
7.4.7 After the hybrid tuned mass damper is installed, on-site debugging shall be carried out;
and the measured wind-induced structural vibration control effect of the controlled structure
shall be no lower than 15% of the design control effect.
8 Seismic Resistance Design Requirements for Wind Vibration Control System
8.0.1 When the wind-induced structural vibration control system of viscous damper and
viscoelastic damper is used for the seismic response control of the controlled structure, it shall
meet the following requirements.
8.0.3 The wind-induced structural vibration control system of the tuned liquid damper should
not consider its damping effect.
JGJ/T 487-2020
UDC
JGJ
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
P JGJ/T 487-2020
Record No.. J2848-2020
Technical Standard for Control of Building Vibration with
Wind Load
Issued on. JUNE 29, 2020
Implemented on. NOVEMBER 01, 2020
Issued by. Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s
Republic of China
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Technical Standard for Control of Building Vibration with
Wind Load
Approved by. Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of
China
Implemented on. NOVEMBER 01, 2020
2020 Beijing
No.145 [2020] Announcement of the Ministry of Housing and
Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China
Foreword
According to the requirements of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development’s
Notice on Issuing (Formulation and Revision Plan of Engineering Construction Standards and
Specifications in 2013) (JB[2013]No.6), after extensive investigation and research, the standard
formulation group carefully summed up practical experience, referred to relevant international
standards and advanced foreign standards, and compiled this standard on the basis of extensive
solicitation of opinions.
The main technical contents of this Standard include. 1 General Provisions; 2 Terms and
Symbols; 3 Basic Requirements; 4 Wind Load; 5 Wind-Induced Structural Vibration Control
Based on Viscous and Viscoelastic Damper; 6 Wind-Induced Structural Vibration Control
Based on Tuned Mass/Liquid Damper; 7 Wind-Induced Structural Vibration Control Based on
Active-Passive Hybrid Tuned Mass Damper; 8 Seismic Resistance Design Requirements for
Wind-Induced Structural Vibration Control System.
This Standard was managed by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development; and
was interpreted technical contents by Harbin Institute of Technology. If any comments or
suggestions arises during the implementation process, please send them to Harbin Institute of
Technology (Address. Room 309, School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology,
No.73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin; Zip code. 150090)
Chief drafting organization of this Standard. Harbin Institute of Technology
Participating drafting organization of this Standard. Dalian University of Technology; Tongji
University; Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen); Guangzhou University; City University
of Hong Kong; Beijing University of Technology; Beijing Institute of Architectural Design;
China Academy of Building Research; China Electronics Engineering Design Institute Co.,
Ltd.; China Southwest Architectural Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd.; and CCDI
International Design Consulting Co., Ltd.
Chief drafting staffs of this Standard. Ou Jinping, Li Hui, Zhang Dongyu, Jin Xignyan, Chen
Wenli, Gu Ming, Xiao Yiqing, Lou Yu, Guo Anxin, Feng Yuan, Tan Ping, Teng Jun, Yang
Weibiao, Wu Bin, Fu Xueyi, Li Qiusheng, Yan Weiming, Guan Xinchun, Li Luyu, and Laima
Shujin.
Chief auditors of this Standard. Xu Jian, Yu Yinquan, Liang Shuguo, Xie Zhuangning, Li
Shengyong, Zhang Lingxin, Xu Zhaodong, Li Shouying, and Duan Yuanfeng.
Table of Contents
1 General Provisions... 7
2 Terms and Symbols... 8
3 Basic Requirements... 12
4 Wind Load... 19
4.1 General requirements... 19
5 Wind-Induced Structural Vibration Control Based on Viscous and Viscoelastic
Damper... 30
6 Wind-Induced Structural Vibration Control Based on Tuned Mas/Liquid Damper. 38
7 Wind-Induced Structural Vibration Control Based on Active-Passive Hybrid Tuned
Mass Damper... 47
8 Seismic Resistance Design Requirements for Wind Vibration Control System... 57
Explanation of Wording in This Standard... 58
List of Quoted Standards... 59
1 General Provisions
1.0.1 This Standard is formulated in order to reduce wind-induced vibration of building
structures, improve structural safety, applicability and comfort; correctly use vibration control
technology; achieve advanced technology, reasonable economy, safety and applicability, and
ensure quality.
1.0.2 This Standard applies to the design, inspection and installation of wind-induced structural
vibration control systems for new and existing building structures; it does not apply to long-
span roof structures.
1.0.3 The combined system of controlled building structures and wind-induced structural
vibration control system can also be used for structural seismic resistance control; when it is
also used for structural seismic resistance control, it shall meet both the structural wind
resistance and seismic resistance design requirements at the same time.
1.0.4 The design, inspection and installation of the wind-induced structural vibration control
system of the building structure shall not only comply with the provisions of this Standard, but
also comply with the provisions of current relevant national standards.
2 Terms and Symbols
2.1 Terms
2.1.1 Controlled structure
The building structure installed wind-induced structural vibration control system.
2.1.2 Wind-induced structural vibration control system
Components and devices that are installed on the controlled structure to provide control force
for the structure, increase structural damping or change the structural stiffness to reduce the
wind-induced response of the structure.
2.1.3 Combined system of controlled building structures and wind-induced vibration control
system
The system that is composed of controlled structure and wind-induced structural vibration
control system.
2.1.4 Designed wind load
The wind load that is used in the wind vibration control design and wind vibration response
checking calculation of the controlled structure, including equivalent wind load and wind load
time-history.
3 Basic Requirements
3.1 General requirements
3.1.1 The wind-induced structural vibration control system should be selected according to the
following provisions.
3.1.5 The wind-induced structural vibration control system shall meet the following
requirements.
3.1.7 For controlled structures with seismic-resistance fortification requirements, the influence
of wind-induced structural vibration control system on the structure's seismic response shall be
considered. When the wind-induced structural vibration control system is also used for the
seismic control of the controlled structure, the design of the wind-induced structural vibration
control system shall be carried out according to the relevant provisions of Clause 8 of this
Standard and the current national standard GB 50011 Code for Seismic Design of Buildings.
3.1.8 Design documents shall indicate the performance parameters of the wind-induced
structural vibration control system, and the wind-induced structural vibration control system or
its components shall be tested according to the requirements of this Standard.
3.2 Calculation of controlled structural responses subject to wind load
3.3 Design requirements of the wind-induced structural vibration control system
3.3.1 The allowable value of the control force of the wind-induced structural vibration control
system should be greater than 1.2 times the design value of the control force; the allowable
value of the displacement and velocity of the wind-induced structural vibration control system
should be greater than 1.2 times the design value, respectively.
3.3.6 Measures shall be taken during the construction process to avoid damaging the anti-
corrosion paint, and the anti-corrosion condition shall be checked after installation.
3.4 Testing of the wind-induced structural vibration control system
3.4.1 Before installing different types of wind-induced structural vibration control systems, the
systems or components shall be inspected according to the provisions of the corresponding
Clauses of this Standard.
3.4.2 The inspection of viscous and viscoelastic dampers shall comply with the provisions of
Subclause 5.4 of this Standard.
3.4.3 The inspection of tuned mass/liquid dampers and active-passive hybrid tuned mass
dampers shall meet the following requirements.
4 Wind Load
4.1 General requirements
4.1.1 When the along-wind direction vibration of the controlled structure is dominated by the
first-order vibration, the along-wind equivalent wind load can be calculated according to the
relevant provisions in Subclause 4.2 of this Standard.
4.1.2 When the facade of the controlled structure is regular and the plane is circular or
rectangular, the equivalent wind load of the across-wind and torsional wind vibration can be
calculated according to the relevant provisions of Subclause 4.3 of this Standard.
4.1.4 The wind load time history used in the design and check calculation of the wind vibration
control of the controlled structure should meet the following requirements.
4.2 Equivalent wind load of the structural along-wind direction vibration
The equivalent wind load area of the controlled structure along the wind direction shall take the
maximum projected area perpendicular to the wind direction; the standard value of the
equivalent wind load per unit area perpendicular to the building surface can be calculated
according to the following Formula.
4.2.3 When taking into account the addition damping ratio provided by the wind-induced
structural vibration control system to the controlled structure, the resonance component factor
of the fluctuating wind load can be calculated according to the following Formula.
4.3.6 The equivalent wind loads of the along-wind direction vibration, the across-wind direction
vibration, and torsional wind vibration should consider the combined wind load conditions
specified in the current national standard GB 50009 Load Code for the Design of Building
Structures.
4.4.3 The fluctuating wind load along the height of the controlled structure can be calculated
according to the following Formula.
5 Wind-Induced Structural Vibration Control Based on Viscous and Viscoelastic Damper
5.1 General requirements
5.1.1 The performance of the viscous damper and viscoelastic damper controlled by wind
vibration shall meet the following requirements.
5.2 Damping force model
5.2.1 When the equivalent linear model is adopted, the control force of viscous and viscoelastic
dampers should be calculated according to the following Formula.
5.2.3 The equivalent linear stiffness and damping coefficient of the viscous damper should be
calculated according to the following Formula.
5.3 Design specification
5.3.1 When using the equivalent wind load method to calculate the wind vibration response of
the controlled structure, the equivalent linear model of the damper shall be used.
5.3.2 When using the time-history analysis method to calculate the wind vibration response of
the controlled structure, the total mechanical model of the combined system of controlled
building structures and wind-induced vibration control system including the controlled
structure mechanical model and the damper mechanical model shall be used.
5.5 Connection and installation
5.5.1 The viscous damper should be connected by joints at both ends, so that the connecting
parts can only bear axial deformation.
5.5.2 The liquid of the viscous damper should be non-toxic, non-corrosion, non-flammable and
non-explosive.
5.5.3 During the installation process, the viscoelastic damper should be protected so that the
damper can only bear shear deformation; and there should be no out-of-plane deformation
leading to tearing of the damper.
6 Wind-Induced Structural Vibration Control Based on Tuned Mas/Liquid Damper
6.1 General requirements
6.1.1 The tuned mass/liquid damper should be arranged on the top layer of the controlled
structure or at the peak of the controlled vibration mode. When controlling the torsional wind
vibration of the controlled structure, Two tuned mass/liquid dampers should be arranged on the
top layer of the controlled structure or at peak of the controlled vibration mode far away from
the centroid; or one tuned mass/liquid damper is arranged eccentrically.
6.2 Mechanical parameters of tuned mass/liquid damper
6.2.1 The design documents shall indicate the following parameters.
6.2.2 The natural circular frequency, damping ratio and mass participation coefficient of the
tuned liquid damper with the rectangular water tank can be calculated according to the
following Formula.
v - viscosity coefficient of the fluid.
6.2.4 The natural circular frequency, damping ratio and mass participation coefficient of the
tuned liquid damper with the U-shaped water tank can be calculated according to the following
Formula.
6.3 Design specification
6.3.1 The control force of the tuned mass/liquid damper acting on the controlled structure
should be determined by the following Formula.
6.5.3 The water tank of the tuned liquid damper shall be closely connected with the structure to
ensure that the water tank and the structure move together without relative slippage; the water
tank of the tuned liquid damper shall not overturn during operation.
6.5.4 After the tuned liquid damper system is installed, water shall be injected to test the
airtightness of the water tank.
7 Wind-Induced Structural Vibration Control Based on Active-Passive Hybrid Tuned Mass Damper
7.1 General requirements
7.1.1 The design of the wind-induced structural vibration control system of the active-passive
hybrid tuned mass damper shall not only comply with the provisions of this Clause, but also
comply with the relevant provisions of tuned mass damper in Clause 6.
7.2 Design specification
7.2.1 The design documents shall indicate the following performance parameters of the active-
passive hybrid tuned mass damper, such as inertial mass, stiffness coefficient, damping
coefficient, natural frequency, damping......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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