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Textiles - Determination of lead release
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GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 59.080.01
CCS W 04
GB/T 43821-2024
Textiles - Determination of lead release
Issued on: MARCH 15, 2024
Implemented on: OCTOBER 01, 2024
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 4
2 Normative references... 4
3 Terms and definitions... 4
4 Principle... 5
5 Reagents or materials... 5
6 Instruments and equipment... 6
7 Test steps... 7
8 Calculation and expression of results... 9
9 Limit of quantification and precision... 10
10 Test report... 10
Annex A (informative) Instrument reference working conditions... 12
Bibliography... 14
Textiles - Determination of lead release
WARNING. Persons using this document shall be familiar with normal laboratory
practice. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if
any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish
appropriate safety and health practices and to ensure compliance with any
national regulatory conditions.
1 Scope
This document describes the test methods for determination of lead release from textiles
and textile product accessories after artificial saliva treatment using inductively coupled
plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), graphite furnace atomic absorption
spectrometry (GFAAS) or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
This document applies to the testing of textiles and textile product accessories (buttons,
zippers, etc.).
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 6682 Water for analytical laboratory use - Specification and test methods
GB/T 18886-2019 Textiles - Tests for colour fastness - Colour fastness to saliva
GB/T 30156 Method of corrosion and wear for the coated accessories of textile
products
GB/T 30158-2013 Determination of nickel released from accessories on textile
products
GB/T 40139 Measuring method for surface areas of materials - Three dimensional
area measurement base on hyperspectral imaging
3 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this document, there are no terms and definitions that need to be
defined.
4 Principle
The sample is prepared and then placed in artificial saliva for oscillation treatment. The
lead concentration in the artificial saliva after oscillation treatment is determined by
inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer, graphite furnace atomic absorption
spectrometer or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. The lead release of the
sample per unit time is calculated based on the sample area. The lead release is
expressed in micrograms per square centimeter hour [μg/(cm2 · h)].
5 Reagents or materials
Unless otherwise specified, all reagents shall be guarantee reagents. Water is the grade
1 water as specified in GB/T 6682.
5.1 Nitric acid. 65 % (mass fraction), ρ = 1.40 g/mL.
5.2 Lead standard stock solution (1000 μg/mL). Weigh 0.160 g of lead nitrate [Pb(NO3)2]
with an electronic balance (6.3), dissolve with 10 mL of 10 % (volume fraction) nitric
acid solution, transfer to a 100 mL volumetric flask (6.6) and dilute to the mark with
10 % (volume fraction) nitric acid solution, and obtain a lead standard stock solution
with a mass concentration of 1000 μg/mL. When the lead standard stock solution
becomes turbid, precipitates, or changes color during storage, it should be re-prepared.
It can also use lead standard substances or standard sample stock solutions that have
been certified by the state and awarded standard substance certificates.
NOTE. The shelf life of the lead standard stock solution is 6 months at room temperature (15 ℃ ~
25 ℃).
5.3 Lead standard intermediate working solution (10 μg/mL). Accurately pipette 1 mL
of lead standard stock solution (5.2) into a 100 mL volumetric flask (6.6), dilute to the
mark with 1 % (volume fraction) nitric acid solution, and obtain a 10 μg/mL lead
standard intermediate working solution. When the lead standard intermediate working
solution becomes turbid, precipitates, or changes color during storage, it should be re-
prepared.
NOTE. The shelf life of the lead standard intermediate working solution is 2 weeks at room
temperature (15 ℃ ~ 25 ℃).
5.4 Lead series standard working solutions. Accurately pipette a certain amount of lead
standard intermediate working solution (5.3) into a 100 mL volumetric flask (6.6),
dilute to the mark with 1 % (volume fraction) nitric acid solution, and obtain a lead
series standard working solution of appropriate concentration. When using inductively
coupled plasma emission spectrometer for determination, it can be prepared into series
standard working solutions of 0.00 μg/mL, 0.02 μg/mL, 0.04 μg/mL, 0.20 μg/mL, 0.40
μg/mL, 0.80 μg/mL, 1.00 μg/mL; when using graphite furnace atomic absorption
spectrometer or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer for determination, it can
be prepared into series standard working solutions of 0.00 μg/mL, 0.01 μg/mL, 0.02
μg/mL, 0.04 μg/mL, 0.05 μg/mL, 0.08 μg/mL, 0.10 μg/mL. The lead series standard
working solutions are prepared and used immediately.
5.5 Bismuth internal standard stock solution (1000 μg/mL or 100 μg/mL). Bismuth
standard substances or standard sample stock solutions certified by the state and
awarded with standard substance certificates.
NOTE. The shelf life of the bismuth internal standard stock solution is 12 months at room
temperature (15 ℃ ~ 25 ℃).
5.6 Bismuth internal standard working solution. Accurately pipette a certain amount of
bismuth internal standard stock solution (5.5), dilute step by step with 1 % (volume
fraction) nitric acid solution to a bismuth internal standard working solution of
appropriate concentration, which can be prepared into a 0.005 μg/mL bismuth internal
standard working solution. The bismuth internal standard working solution is prepared
and used immediately.
5.7 Artificial saliva. Prepare artificial saliva in accordance with the provisions of 4.3 of
GB/T 18886-2019, store it in the dark, and the validity period is 1 week.
5.8 Degreasing solution. Appropriately diluted neutral detergent, such as a 0.5 %
sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate aqueous solution by mass.
5.9 Wax or paint. Lead-free, used for coating the non-test surface of the sample, to
prevent lead from being released from the non-test surface during the test.
6 Instruments and equipment
6.1 Inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer, graphite furnace atomic
absorption spectrometer or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer.
6.2 Constant temperature water bath oscillator. the temperature is controlled at (37 ±
2) ℃, the oscillation frequency is at (60 ± 5) r/min.
6.3 Electronic balance. the graduation value is 0.001 g.
6.4 Steel ruler. the measuring range is 0 mm ~ 200 mm, the graduation value is 1 mm.
6.5 Container with a lid. equipped with a screw-on sealing lid, made of non-metallic,
lead-free and nitric acid-resistant materials, such as glass, polypropylene,
polytetrafluoroethylene and polystyrene. The container should be soaked in 5 %
(volume fraction) nitric acid solution for at least 4 h before use.
6.6 Volumetric flask. 50 mL, 100 mL, etc.
7 Test steps
7.1 Sample preparation
7.1.1 Preparation of textiles
7.1.1.1 Sampling
Cut the textile samples into (10.0 ± 0.5) cm2 or other suitable sizes. Take three samples
from the same batch as much as possible for testing.
NOTE. Fabrics are mainly flexible materials, and it is reasonably assumed that any part of the fabric
can be sucked or put into mouth by infants and children. Therefore, there is no restriction on the size
of the fabric.
7.1.1.2 Measurement of test area
Use a steel ruler (6.4) to accurately measure and calculate the test area of textile samples.
7.1.2 Preparation of textile product accessories
7.1.2.1 Sampling
Take samples of the textile product accessories that can be put into mouth by infants
and children. In order to achieve the sensitivity of the instrument analysis and the
minimum sample volume, the test area of the tested sample shall be at least 0.5 cm2.If
necessary, the same samples can be tested together to achieve the minimum area. Take
three samples from the same batch as much as possible for testing.
NOTE. If any dimension (height, length or width) of a textile product accessory is less than 5 cm,
or any dimension of a detachable or protruding part that can reasonably be assumed to be accessible
to infants and children is less than 5 cm, the accessory is considered to be able to be put into mouth
by infants and children.
7.1.2.2 Measurement of test area
Measure the test area of textile product accessories in accordance with the provisions
of A.1 in Annex A of GB/T 30158-2013 or GB/T 40139.
7.1.2.3 Wear simulation
Textile product coated (electroplating, paint, polymer or similar coating) accessories
refer to FZ/T 01163 to identify whether the coating of textile accessories contains lead.
Lead-free textile product accessories are corroded and worn in accordance with GB/T
30156.If possible, the entire item shall be treated. Textile product accessories with lead
coating are not corroded and worn.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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