GB/T 38943.1-2020 PDF English
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GB/T 38943.1-2020: Earth-moving machinery--Electrical safety of machines utilizing electric drives and related components and systems - Part 1: General requirements
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GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 53.100
P 97
GB/T 38943.1-2020 / ISO 14990-1.2016
Earth-Moving Machinery – Electrical Safety of Machines
Utilizing Electric Drives and Related Components and
Systems – Part 1.General Requirements
(ISO 14990-1.2016, IDT)
Issued on. JULY 21, 2020
Implemented on. NOVEMBER 1, 2020
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 6
Introduction... 8
1 Scope... 9
2 Normative References... 10
3 Terms, Definitions and Abbreviated Terms... 12
3.1 Electric shock protection-related terms and definitions... 12
3.2 Control-related terms and definitions... 15
3.3 Electrical infrastructure-related terms and definitions... 15
3.4 Risk-related terms and definitions... 16
3.5 Miscellaneous terms and definitions... 18
3.6 Abbreviated terms... 18
4 General Requirements... 19
4.1 General... 19
4.2 Provisions for handling... 20
4.3 Provisions for transportation and storage... 20
4.4 Components and devices... 20
4.5 Intended operating environment... 20
4.6 Electrical source... 21
5 Protection against Electric Shock Hazards... 22
5.1 General... 22
5.2 Protection by enclosures... 22
5.3 Protection by insulation... 24
5.4 Protection against residual voltages... 24
5.5 Protection by barriers... 25
5.6 Protection by inaccessibility... 25
5.7 Special considerations for low voltage energy storage devices and related buses... 25
5.8 Prevention of touch voltage... 26
5.9 Protection by automatic disconnection of source... 26
5.10 Protection by equipotential bonding... 27
5.11 Protection by use of PELV... 32
6 Protection against Electrical Fire Hazards... 34
6.1 General... 34
6.2 Fire hazard assessment... 34
6.3 Prevention of ignition... 34
6.4 Minimizing the spread of fire... 34
7 Protection against Thermal Hazards... 34
8 Protection against Mechanical Hazards... 34
9 Protection against Abnormal Operation Hazards... 34
9.1 General... 34
9.2 Overcurrent protection (OCP)... 35
9.3 Abnormal temperature protection... 36
9.4 Earth (or chassis in the case of self-powered machines) fault/residual current protection
... 36
9.5 Protection against over-voltages due to lightning and to switching surges... 36
9.6 Protection against other abnormal operation hazards... 37
10 Electric Power Source... 37
10.1 Disconnection of source... 37
10.2 Prevention of unintended start-up... 39
10.3 External electrical charging... 39
11 Wiring... 40
11.1 General... 40
11.2 Conductors... 40
11.3 Insulation... 41
11.4 Conductor and cable ampacity... 41
11.5 Flexible cables... 41
11.6 Assemblies having sliding contacts... 42
11.7 Connections and routing... 44
11.8 Identification of conductors... 46
11.9 Wiring inside enclosures... 48
11.10 Wiring outside enclosures... 49
11.11 Ducts and boxes... 52
12 Electric Motors and Generators... 55
12.1 General... 55
12.2 Enclosures... 55
12.3 Dimensions... 55
12.4 Mounting and compartments... 55
12.5 Criteria for motor selection or design... 56
12.6 Overheating protection... 56
12.7 Overspeed protection... 56
13 Non-Motor Loads... 57
13.1 Accessories... 57
13.2 Local lighting... 57
14 Controls... 58
14.1 Control circuits... 58
14.2 Control functions... 59
14.3 Protective interlocks... 59
14.4 Control functions in the event of failure... 59
14.5 Operator interface and machine-mounted control devices... 63
14.6 Controlgear. location, mounting, and enclosures... 64
14.7 Access to low and high-voltage equipment... 68
15 Manuals and Technical Documentation... 68
15.1 General... 68
15.2 Information to be provided... 68
15.3 Documentation... 69
15.4 Overview diagrams and function diagrams... 69
15.5 Circuit diagrams... 69
15.6 Operator’s manual... 70
15.7 Maintenance manual and service literature... 70
15.8 Parts list... 71
16 Marking... 71
16.1 General... 71
16.2 Warning signs... 72
16.3 Functional identification... 73
16.4 Marking of equipment... 73
16.5 Reference designations... 73
16.6 Protective equipotential bonding terminals... 73
17 Tests... 73
17.1 General... 73
17.2 Protective equipotential bonding circuit continuity... 74
17.3 Conditions for protection by automatic disconnection of source... 75
17.4 Insulation resistance tests... 76
17.5 Voltage withstand tests... 76
17.6 Protection against residual voltages... 77
17.7 Functional tests... 77
17.8 Retesting... 77
17.9 IP test for high-voltage equipment... 77
Annex A (Informative) List of Significant Hazards... 78
Annex B (Normative) TN Systems - Protection against Indirect Contact... 80
Annex C (Informative) Explanation of Emergency Operation Functions... 84
Annex D (Informative) Comparison of Selected Requirements of GB/T 38943, UN
ECE R100 and ISO 6469-3... 85
Bibliography... 90
Foreword
GB/T 38943 Earth-Moving Machinery - Electrical Safety of Machines Utilizing Electric Drives
and Related Components and Systems consists of the following 3 parts.
--- Part 1.General Requirements;
--- Part 2.Particular Requirements for Externally-Powered Machine;
--- Part 3.Particular Requirements for Self-Powered Machines.
This Part is Part 1 of GB/T 38943.
This Standard was drafted as per the rules specified in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This Part used translation method to equivalently adopt ISO 14990-1.2016 Earth-Moving
Machinery – Electrical Safety of Machines Utilizing Electric Drives and Related Components
and Systems – Part 1.General Requirements.
The Chinese documents that have consistent correspondence with the international documents
referenced in this Part are as follows.
--- GB/T 311.2-2013 Insulation co-ordination - Part 2.Application guide (IEC 60071-2.1996,
MOD);
--- GB/T 4208-2017 Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code) (IEC
60529.2013, IDT)
--- GB/T 4728.1-2018 Graphical symbols for electrical diagrams - Part 1.General
information (IEC 60617 DB, MOD);
---- GB/T 5465.1-2009 Electrical equipment with the basic rules of graphic symbols - Part
1.Creation of symbol originals (IEC 60417 DB.2007-01, MOD);
--- GB/T 7251.1-2013 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies - Part 1.General
rules (IEC 61439-1.2011, IDT);
--- GB/T 11024.1-2019 Shunt capacitors for A.C. power systems having a rated voltage
above 1 000 V - Part 1.General (IEC 60871-1.2014, MOD);
--- GB/T 14048.1-2012 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 1.General rules (IEC
60947-1.2011, MOD);
--- GB/T 16935.1-2008 Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems -
Part 1.Principles requirements and tests (IEC 60664-1.2007, IDT);
--- GB/T 17299-1998 Earth-moving machinery - Minimum access dimensions (idt ISO
2860.1992);
--- GB/T 19212.1-2016 Safety of power transformers, power supplies, reactors and similar
products - Part 1.General requirements and tests (IEC 61558-1.2009, MOD);
--- GB/T 25686-2018 Earth-moving machinery - Safety requirements for remote operator
control systems (ISO 15817.2012, IDT);
--- GB/T 34989-2017 Connectors - Safety requirements and tests (IEC 61984.2008, MOD).
This Part was proposed by China Machinery Industry Federation.
This Part shall be under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee on Earth-Moving
Machinery of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 334).
Drafting organizations of this Part. XCMG Construction Machinery; Longgong (Shanghai)
Machine Manufacturing Co., Ltd.; Guangxi Liugong Machinery Co., Ltd.; Tianjin Research
Institute of Construction Machinery Co., Ltd.; Inner Mongolia North Hauler Joint Stock Co.,
Ltd.; and Shaanxi Tonly Heavy Industries Co., Ltd.
Chief drafting staffs of this Part. Song Tianjia, Zhang Hanbin, Cai Wen, Deng Yanfang, Li
Laiping, Zhao Rong, and Xue Yanjie.
1 Scope
This Part of GB/T 38943 specifies general safety requirements for the electrical equipment and
its components incorporated into earth-moving machines (EMMs) as defined in ISO 6165, and
addresses the safety of operators, technicians, service/maintenance personnel and bystanders.
2 Normative References
The following documents are essential to the application of this Document. For the dated
documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable to this Document; for the
undated documents, only the latest version (including all the amendments) is applicable to this
Document.
3 Terms, Definitions and Abbreviated Terms
For the purposes of this document, the terms, definitions and abbreviated terms given in ISO
12100 and the following apply.
4 General Requirements
If factory-built, type-tested HV switchgear is employed it shall comply with applicable
standards (e.g., IEC 62271-1, IEC 62271-200, and IEC 62271-201).
The electrical equipment of the EMM shall be protected against or be tolerant of the ingress of
harmful solids and liquids, including dust, acids, corrosive gases, and salts, that might be
present in the operating environment.
5 Protection against Electric Shock Hazards
Live parts shall be contained within enclosures that comply with the relevant requirements of
Clause 4, Clause 12 and Clause 14, and which provide protection against direct contact of at
least IP2X or IPXXB.
6 Protection against Electrical Fire Hazards
IEC 60695-1-20, IEC 60695-1-21, and IEC 60695-1-30 provide guidance regarding
flammability and ignitability of nonmetallic parts and materials. Component standards usually
address these concerns, and they generally take precedence over the generic IEC 60695
standards.
7 Protection against Thermal Hazards
Protection against thermal hazards should be according to ISO 20474-1.
8 Protection against Mechanical Hazards
Protection against mechanical hazards should be according to GB/T 25607 and ISO 20474-1.
9 Protection against Abnormal Operation Hazards
Appropriate protection shall be provided on liquid-filled electrical equipment (e.g. transformers,
reactors, and switchgear) to account for the effects of abnormal temperature, overpressure or
leakage.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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