GB/T 37408-2019 PDF English
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GB/T 37408-2019: Technical requirements for photovoltaic gird-connected inverter---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT37408-2019
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 27.160
F 12
Technical requirements for photovoltaic gird-connected
inverter
Issued on: MAY 10, 2019
Implemented on: DECEMBER 01, 2019
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 4
2 Normative references... 4
3 Terms and definitions... 5
4 Inverter classification... 8
5 Environmental conditions... 9
6 Safety... 11
7 Electrical performance... 30
8 Electromagnetic compatibility... 37
9 Marking and documentation... 41
10 Packaging, transportation and storage... 46
11 Test content... 47
Annex A (normative) Equipment marking symbols... 49
Annex B (normative) Electrical clearance correction at different heights... 51
Annex C (normative) Calculation method for power control response time... 53
Technical requirements for photovoltaic gird-connected
inverter
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the classification, environmental conditions, safety
requirements, electrical performance, electromagnetic compatibility, marks,
documentation, packaging, transportation and storage of photovoltaic grid-connected
inverters and other related technical requirements.
This Standard applies to grid-connected photovoltaic inverters.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 191, Packaging and storage marks
GB/T 4798.2, Classification of environmental conditions -- Classification of groups
of environmental parameters and their severities -- Part 2.Transportation and
handling
GB/T 5169.11, Fire hazard testing for electric and electronic products -- Part 11.
Glowing/hot-wire based test methods -- Glow-wire flammability test method for end-
products (GWEPT)
GB/T 12326, Power quality -- Voltage fluctuation and flicker
GB/T 13384, General specifications for packing of mechanical and electrical
product
GB/T 14549, Quality of electric energy supply. Harmonics in public supply network
GB/T 15543, Power quality -- Three-phase voltage unbalance
GB/T 16935.1, Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage supply
systems -- Part 1.Principles, requirements and tests
GB/T 16935.3, Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems --
Part 3.Use of coating, potting or moulding for protection against pollution
GB/T 16935.4, Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems --
Part 4.Consideration of high-frequency voltage stress
GB/T 17626.2, Electromagnetic compatibility -- Testing and measurement
techniques -- Electrostatic discharge immunity test
GB/T 17626.3, Electromagnetic compatibility -- Testing and measurement
techniques -- Part 3.Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field immunity test
GB/T 17626.4, Electromagnetic compatibility -- Testing and measurement
techniques -- Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test
GB/T 17626.5, Electromagnetic compatibility -- Testing and measurement
techniques -- Surge immunity test
GB/T 17626.6, Electromagnetic compatibility -- Testing and measurement
techniques -- Immunity to conducted disturbances, induced by radio-frequency fields
GB/T 17626.8, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) -- Part 4-8.Testing and
measurement techniques -- Power frequency magnetic field immunity test
GB/T 17799.2, Electromagnetic compatibility -- Generic standards -- Part 2.
Immunity standard for industrial environments
GB/T 19964, Technical requirements for connecting photovoltaic power station to
power system
GB/T 24337, Power quality -- Inter-harmonics in public supply network
GB/T 29319, Technical requirements for connecting photovoltaic power system to
distribution network
GB/T 37409, Testing specification for photovoltaic grid-connected inverter
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1 decisive voltage classification
The highest continuous voltage level that can occur between any live parts under the
most severe operating conditions.
3.2 protective extra-low voltage (PELV) system
An electrical system for which the rms voltage of 50 V AC or 120 V DC is not greater
in normal operation or single fault conditions (excluding earth faults in other circuits).
Also called a PELV system.
3.3 safety extra-low voltage (SELV) system
An electrical system in which the rms voltage of ac does not exceed 50 V or the dc
voltage does not exceed 120 V under normal operation or single fault conditions
(including earth faults in other circuits). Also called a SELV system.
3.4 protective bonding
An electrical connection that provides electrical continuity between accessible
conductive parts or protective shielding and the protective conductor terminal.
3.5 protective separation
Structures and measures that separate circuits of different protection levels from each
other through basic insulation and supplementary insulation or other equivalent
protection measures (such as reinforced insulation or protective impedance).
3.6 functional insulation; FI
Insulation measures to ensure the normal operation of equipment. They cannot protect
against electric shock hazards, but can reduce the possibility of ignition or fire.
3.7 basic insulation
Under normal operating conditions, the insulation that can only provide basic protection
against electric shock.
3.8 supplementary insulation
Independent insulation in addition to basic insulation. It can provide protection against
electric shock when the basic insulation fails.
3.9 double insulation
Insulation consisting of basic insulation and supplementary insulation.
3.10 reinforced insulation
Under specified conditions, the degree of protection against electric shock provided by
a single insulation system is equivalent to double insulation.
NOTE. A single insulation system is composed of one or more insulation layers, but each insulation
layer cannot be separated into basic insulation or supplementary insulation layer by layer.
3.11 protective class I
Electric shock is prevented by basic insulation and protective earthing of accessible
conductive parts. When basic insulation fails, accessible conductive parts are not
energized.
3.19 islanding
The state in which a portion of the power grid, including loads and power sources,
continues to operate in isolation after being disconnected from the main grid.
NOTE. Islanding can be divided into unplanned islanding and planned islanding. Unplanned
islanding refers to the unplanned and uncontrolled occurrence of islanding. Planned islanding refers
to the planned occurrence of islanding according to pre-configured control strategies.
3.20 anti-islanding
Prevent the occurrence of unplanned islanding.
4 Inverter classification
4.1 Classification by the number of communication output phases
Inverters can be classified according to the number of AC output phases into.
- Single-phase inverter;
- Three-phase inverter.
4.2 Classification by use environment
Inverters can be classified according to the use environment.
- Outdoor inverter refers to an inverter that is fully or partially exposed outdoors;
- Indoor type I inverter refers to an inverter installed in a building or protective cover
with an air conditioning device;
- Indoor type II inverter refers to an inverter installed in a building or protective
cover without an air conditioning device.
4.3 Classification by access voltage level
Inverters can be classified according to the access voltage level.
- Class A inverters, which refer to inverters used in photovoltaic power stations with
grid-connected voltage levels that meet the requirements of GB/T 19964;
- Class B inverters, which refer to inverters used in photovoltaic power generation
systems with grid-connected voltage levels that meet the requirements of GB/T
29319.
4.4 Classification by electrical structure
Inverters can be classified according to electrical structure into.
- Isolated inverter;
- Non-isolated inverter.
NOTE 1.An isolated inverter refers to an inverter with basic insulation isolation between the AC
output circuit and the DC input circuit.
NOTE 2.A non-isolated inverter refers to an inverter that does not have basic insulation isolation
between the AC output circuit and the DC input circuit.
5 Environmental conditions
5.1 Pollution level
5.1.1 Pollution level classification
The pollution level of the inverter's external environment can be divided into.
- Pollution level 1.No pollution or only dry non-conductive pollution;
- Pollution level 2.Generally, there is only non-conductive pollution, but occasional
short-term conductive pollution caused by condensation shall be considered;
- Pollution level 3.There is conductive pollution, or dry non-conductive pollution
becomes conductive pollution due to condensation;
- Pollution level 4.Persistent conductive pollution, such as pollution caused by
conductive dust or rain and snow.
5.1.2 Pollution level tolerance
The inverter shall be able to withstand pollution levels that meet the following
requirements.
a) Outdoor inverters and indoor type II inverters shall meet the requirements for
normal use under pollution level 3 conditions;
b) Indoor type I inverters shall meet the requirements for normal use under pollution
level 2 conditions.
5.1.3 Change of pollution level
When relevant protective measures are adopted in specific areas inside the inverter, the
changes in pollution levels in specific areas inside the inverter are shown in Table 1.
5.2 Protection level
The protection level of the inverter shall not be lower than the following requirements.
- Indoor type I inverter. IP20;
- Indoor type II inverter. IP20;
- Outdoor type inverter. IP54.
5.3 Temperature
The inverter shall be able to operate normally within the following ambient temperature
range.
- Indoor type I inverter. 0℃~40℃;
- Indoor type II inverter. -20℃~50℃;
- Outdoor type inverter. -20℃~50℃.
5.4 Humidity
The inverter shall be able to operate normally within the following ambient humidity
range.
- Indoor type I inverter. ≤85%, without condensation;
- Indoor type II inverter. ≤95%, without condensation;
- Outdoor inverter. ≤100%, with condensation.
5.5 Ultraviolet radiation
Plastic and polymer materials on outdoor enclosures shall not show visible signs of
degradation, including cracks or breaks, under normal use. Their protective
performance shall not be reduced.
6 Safety
6.1 Electric shock protection requirements
6.1.1 Basic requirements
The minimum protection level of each circuit in the inverter shall be determined
according to the decisive voltage classification of each circuit in the inverter. The
electric shock protection requirements include direct contact protection and indirect
contact protection. The overall requirements for electric shock protection are shown in
Figure 1.
6.1.2 Decisive voltage classification and its protection requirements
The decisive voltage classification limits are shown in Table 2.The circuit protection
requirements are shown in Table 3.The electric shock protection measures shall be
determined according to the decisive voltage classification and the circuit protection
measures. Meet the following requirements.
a) When each circuit in the inverter meets the decisive voltage classification limit
requirements but cannot meet the circuit protection measures requirements, the
decisive voltage classification of the circuit shall be increased by one level;
b) Two circuits directly connected or separated only by functional insulation shall be
considered as one circuit;
c) The electric shock protection measures shall meet the requirement that a voltage
higher than the decisive voltage classification A limit shall not appear in the
accessible circuit or accessible conductive parts due to a single fault;
e) Protective earth conductor and touch current
The contact current of a plug-connected single-phase inverter shall not exceed 3.5
mA AC or 10 mA DC. When the contact current of other inverters exceeds 3.5
mA AC or 10 mA DC, one or more of the following protection measures shall be
adopted and the 15th symbol of Annex A shall be marked.
- Use fixed connection and the cross-sectional area of the protective earthing
conductor is at least 10 mm2 (copper) or 16 mm2 (aluminum);
- Use fixed connection and automatically disconnect the power supply in the
event of interruption of the protective earthing conductor;
- Provide an additional protective earthing conductor with the same cross-
sectional area and indicate it in the installation instructions;
- Use industrial connectors and the minimum cross-sectional area of the
protective earthing conductor in the multi-conductor cable is 2.5 mm2 and has
strain relief measures.
6.1.6.2 Protective class II - double or reinforced insulation
For equipment or equipment parts designed for protective class II, the insulation of live
parts and accessible surfaces shall meet the following requirements.
a) Protective class II devices shall not be connected to an external protective earth
conductor;
b) When the protective class II device uses a metal casing, the casing can be used for
equipotential connection;
c) Protective class II devices can be functionally grounded;
d) Protective class II devices shall use the 12th symbol in Annex A.
6.1.7 Electrical clearance and creepage distance
6.1.7.1 Basic requirements
When the voltage fundamental frequency across the insulation is higher than 30 kHz,
the insulation shall also meet the requirements of GB/T 16935.1.The electrical
clearance and creepage distance under high-frequency working voltage shall meet the
requirements of GB/T 16935.4.
6.1.7.2 Insulation voltage
The impulse withstand voltage and temporary overvoltage shall meet the requirements
of Table 7.
Operating the inverter under normal use and single fault conditions shall not cause
mechanical hazards. Edges, protrusions, corners, holes, shields, handles and other parts
that operators can touch shall be smooth.
6.4.2 Moving parts
The inverter's cooling fan and other moving parts shall meet the following requirements.
a) Moving parts can only be accessed with the aid of tools;
b) Covers or parts that can only be accessed by disassembly shall have warning signs;
c) Automatically reset thermal circuit breakers, overcurrent protection devices or
automatic timed start devices shall not be installed.
6.4.3 Stability
Inverters that are not fixed to building components shall be stable. When the inverter is
turned on, a device that maintains stability shall be automatically turned on or a warning
sign shall be provided.
6.4.4 Transportation measures
The handle of the inverter shall be able to withstand a force four times the weight of the
inverter. Inverters with a mass of 18 kg or more shall have transportation guidance
documents.
6.4.5 Wall mounting
The inverter mounting bracket shall be able to withstand a force four times the weight
of the inverter.
6.4.6 Projectile components
In case of inverter failure, no parts that may cause harm to people shall be ejected. When
the inverter inevitably has ejected parts, their ejection energy shall be limited. The
protective measures for the equipment against ejected parts shall be removed with tools.
6.5 Protection against fire hazards
6.5.1 Requirements for the flammability of equipment materials
The flammability of the inside and outside of the equipment shall comply with the
requirements of Table 14.
a) When an isolated inverter or non-isolated inverter is connected to the grid through
a transformer and meets the requirements of 30 mA contact leakage current and
ignition leakage current, a fault shall be indicated and the inverter can be operated
during the fault. The alarm can be stopped when the impedance meets the above
requirements.
b) When a non-isolated inverter is directly connected to the grid or a non-isolated
inverter is connected to the grid through a transformer but does not meet the
requirements of 30 mA contact leakage current and fire leakage current, a fault
shall be indicated and the inverter shall not be connected to the grid. When the
impedance meets the above requirements, the alarm can be stopped and the
inverter can be connected to the grid.
6.7.1.2 Inverters for functionally grounded PV arrays
The inverter used for functionally grounded photovoltaic arrays shall meet the
following requirements.
a) Including the preset resistor for functional grounding, the total grounding
impedance shall not be less than Vmaxpv/30 mA. The expected impedance value
can be calculated based on 40 MΩ per square meter of insulation array when the
area of the connected array is known, or it can be calculated based on the rated
power of the inverter and the efficiency of the worst solar panel connected to the
inverter.
b) When the total grounding resistance does not meet the requirements of a), the
inverter shall be able to provide a current detection device to detect the current
through the total grounding resistance during operation. When the residual current
response time does not meet the requirements of Table 15, the resistor shall be
disconnected or other methods shall be used to achieve current limiting.
c) When a non-isolated inverter is directly connected to the grid or a non-isolated
inverter is connected to the grid through a transformer but it does not meet the
requirements of 30 mA contact leakage current and ignition leakage current, it
shall be disconnected from the grid.
6.7.2 Photovoltaic array residual current
6.7.2.1 Basic requirements
The basic requirements are as follows.
a) When the inverter is connected to an ungrounded PV array of decisive voltage
classification B and decisive voltage classification C, a non-isolated inverter is
directly connected to the grid or a non-isolated inverter is connected to the grid
through a transformer but does not meet the requirements of 30 mA contact
leakage current and ignition leakage current. Protection against electric shock
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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