GB/T 33012.4-2025 PDF English
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Road vehicles - Vehicle test methods for electrical disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy - Part 4: Harness excitation methods
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| GB/T 33012.4-2016 | English | 115 |
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Road vehicles -- Vehicle test methods for electrical disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy -- Part 4: Bulk current injection (BCI)
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GB/T 33012.4-2025: Road vehicles - Vehicle test methods for electrical disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy - Part 4: Harness excitation methods
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GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.040.10
CCS T 36
Replacing GB/T 33012.4-2016
Road vehicles - Vehicle test methods for electrical
disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic
energy - Part 4.Harness excitation methods
(ISO 11451-4.2022, MOD)
Issued on: AUGUST 01, 2025
Implemented on: FEBRUARY 01, 2026
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
Introduction... 6
1 Scope... 7
2 Normative references... 7
3 Terms and definitions... 7
4 Test conditions... 7
5 Test site... 8
6 Test instrument... 9
7 Test setup... 11
8 Test procedures... 15
Appendix A (Informative) Functional performance state classification (FPSC)... 22
Appendix B (Normative) Calibration setup for the BCI test method... 25
Appendix C (Informative) Transfer impedance of the test setup... 27
Road vehicles - Vehicle test methods for electrical
disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic
energy - Part 4.Harness excitation methods
1 Scope
This document describes the harness excitation method for testing the immunity of
vehicles to continuous narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy.
This document applies to vehicles of categories M, N and O (regardless of vehicle
power train, e.g., spark ignition engine, diesel engine, electric motor).
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this
document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the
edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 33012.1 Road vehicles - Vehicle test methods for electrical disturbances from
narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy - Part l. General (GB/T 33012.1-2016,
ISO 11451-1.2005, MOD)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 33012.1
apply.
4 Test conditions
The Bulk Current Injection (BCI) test method uses a current probe as a transformer and
the wiring harness as the secondary winding to inject current into the wire harness.
The Tubular Wave Coupler (TWC) test method is based on the principle of a directional
coupler to couple electromagnetic waves into the wire harness. The TWC test method
is applicable to the immunity test of automotive electrical/electronic components to
radiated disturbances in the GHz range (GSM band, UMTS, ISM 2.4 GHz). This
method is most suitable for small (relative to the wavelength) and shielded devices
under test (DUTs), because the main coupling path in these cases is the harness.
The applicable frequency range of the BCI test method and the TWC test method is
related to the characteristics of the transformer (current probe or tubular wave coupler).
More than one type of transformer may be required to cover the test frequency range.
For automotive electrical/electronic system testing, the typical applicable frequency
range is as follows.
-- The BCI test method is applicable to a frequency range of 100 kHz ~ 1 GHz.
In the frequency range of 400 MHz ~ 1 GHz, the BCI test method may be
used when other test methods are not feasible. This shall be agreed upon with
the user of this document and recorded in the test plan.
-- The TWC test method is applicable to the frequency range of 400 MHz ~ 3
GHz.
The user shall specify the test severity level within the test frequency range.
Recommended test severity levels are shown in Appendix A. The severity level is
expressed in terms of the equivalent RMS value of the unmodulated wave.
GB/T 33012.1 provides standard test conditions, including.
-- test temperature;
-- supply voltage;
-- modulation mode;
-- dwell time;
-- frequency step size;
-- definition of test severity levels;
-- test signal quality.
5 Test site
The test should be carried out in a shielded room.
The distance between the vehicle and all other conductive structures, such as the walls
of the shielded room (except for the ground plane under the vehicle) shall be at least
0.5 m.
The test can be carried out in an outdoor test site. The test equipment shall comply with
(national) legal requirements on electromagnetic field transmission.
Note. There may be dangerous voltages and electromagnetic fields in the test area.
It shall be ensured that the human body exposure limit requirements for radio
frequency energy are met.
6 Test instrument
6.1 BCI test method
6.1.1 General
The BCI test method uses a current injection probe to directly couple the disturbance
signal to the wiring harness for immunity test. The injection probe is a current
transformer. During the test, the wiring harness of the device under test (DUT) passes
through the probe, and the immunity test is performed by changing the test severity
level and the frequency of the induced disturbance signal.
The test equipment used is as follows.
-- Current injection probe (probe set);
-- Current measurement probe (probe set);
-- RF generator with internal or external modulation capability;
-- Power amplifier;
-- Power measurement equipment, for measuring forward and reverse power;
-- Current measurement equipment.
BCI testing shall be performed on each independent system installed in the vehicle.
6.1.2 Injection probe
The BCI test method requires one or a group of injection probe(s) that cover the test
frequency range to couple the test signal into the DUT. Regardless of the system load,
the probe (probe group) shall be able to withstand the input power corresponding to the
highest test level within the entire test frequency range.
Saturation of the injection probe due to the test level and DUT current should be
considered.
6.1.3 Current measurement probe
The current measurement probe (probe set) shall be able to cover the entire test
frequency range.
6.1.4 DUT stimulation and monitoring
According to the test plan, the actuator that has the least impact on the electromagnetic
characteristics of the DUT shall be selected to operate the DUT, such as. plastic buttons,
pneumatic actuators with plastic tubes.
Optical fibers or high-resistance wires can be used to connect to the equipment that
monitors the DUT's EMI response. Other types of wires may be used, but special care
must be taken to minimize interactions. The direction, length and position of such
harnesses shall be carefully recorded to ensure repeatability of the test results.
Any electrical connection between the monitoring equipment and the DUT may cause
the DUT to malfunction. Special care shall be taken to avoid this effect.
6.2 TWC test method
6.2.1 General
The TWC test method is equivalent to coupling a plane wave into the vehicle wiring
harness. To this end, a 50 Ω coaxial short line with two open ends, an internally tubular
conductor and its matching terminals shall be used to generate a transverse
electromagnetic (TEM) inside the line. The measured line beam passes through the
inner conductor of this wave coupler. This forms two disturbance components for the
DUT. one is the TEM component coupled by the cable, and the other is the radiation
component generated by the scattering of the TEM main mode inside the connecting
cable between the coupler and the DUT.
The equipment used is as follows.
-- Tubular wave coupler;
-- RF generator with internal or external modulation capability;
-- Power amplifier;
-- Power measurement equipment, for measuring forward and reverse power.
TWC testing shall be performed on each individual system installed on the vehicle.
6.2.2 Tubular wave coupler
Tubular wave couplers are used to couple disturbances into the test harness. It shall be
able to couple the test energy within the test frequency range into the wiring harness
and shall have a sufficiently high coupling rate and rated power.
6.2.3 50 Ω load resistor
The 50 Ω load resistor is used to match the output of the tubular wave coupler, and its
rated power shall be greater than or equal to the applied forward power.
6.2.4 DUT stimulation and monitoring
Stimulate and monitor the DUT as per 6.1.4.
7 Test setup
7.1 BCI test method
7.1.1 General
The BCI test can be set up according to two test methods. substitution method and
closed-loop method with power limitation (see 7.1.2 and 7.1.3 respectively).
7.1.2 Substitution method
Unless otherwise specified in the test plan, the current injection probe on the wiring
harness shall be installed at a distance of (150 ± 50) mm from the connector or outlet
of the DUT on the vehicle.
When the wiring harness connected to the DUT has multiple branches, the current
injection probe shall be tested for each branch at a distance of (150 ± 50) mm from the
branch node. Under these test conditions, if a measurement probe is used, its position
remains unchanged.
Use a pre-calibrated forward power (see 8.3.1.2.2 for details) to inject current and
monitor for unexpected events within the operating frequency range of the injection
probe.
When each event occurs, record the minimum forward power injected by the probe at
different frequencies and use it as the immunity threshold.
Optionally, a current measurement probe can be installed between the current injection
probe and the DUT. The measurement probe can provide additional useful information
but may also change the test conditions. If this measurement probe is used, the measured
current values are not used to determine the performance of the DUT, but should be
recorded to investigate the causes of unexpected events and changes in test conditions
after modifications to the system under test.
It is recommended to install suitable ferrite chokes on the coaxial cables of the injection
probe and the current measurement probe.
An example of the test setup is shown in Figure 1.
8 Test procedures
8.1 General
The overall setup of disturbance sources in relation to the vehicle wiring harness and
the DUT represents standard test conditions. Any deviation from standard test
conditions shall be agreed upon before the test and recorded in the test report.
8.2 Test plan
The test plan shall be prepared before the test and include the following contents.
-- test setup;
-- test method;
-- frequency range;
-- DUT operating mode;
-- DUT judgment criteria;
-- test severity level;
-- DUT monitoring conditions;
-- injection and measurement probe positions;
-- TWC location;
-- injection conditions with multiple connectors and/or multiple branch
harnesses;
-- contents of the test report;
-- any special instructions and modifications to standard tests.
The testing of each DUT shall be carried out under typical operating conditions based
on road safety and availability, e.g., the DUT shall be tested at least in standby mode
and in a mode where all actuators are energized.
8.3 Test methods
8.3.1 BCI test method
8.3.1.1 General
Two BCI test methods are specified.
-- Substitution method;
-- Closed-loop method with power limitation.
8.3.1.2 Substitution method
8.3.1.2.1 General
The substitution method is based on using forward power as a reference parameter for
calibration and testing.
This method is performed in two stages.
-- Calibration (on the fixture);
-- Vehicle testing.
8.3.1.2.2 Calibration
The specific test level (current) shall be calibrated regularly and the forward power
required to produce the specific current on the 50 Ω calibration fixture shall be recorded.
The frequency step used shall not be greater than the maximum frequency step specified
in GB/T 33012.1.
In order to use smaller frequency steps, interpolation between calibration frequencies
is allowed.
Calibration shall be performed using an unmodulated sinusoidal RF signal.
The forward and reverse power values recorded in the calibration documentation should
be included in the test report upon request.
The calibration fixture shall meet the requirements of Appendix B. One end of the
fixture shall be connected to a 50 Ω (high power) load, and the other end shall be
connected to a 50 Ω RF power measurement device. A 50 Ω attenuator of sufficient
power shall be connected in series to protect the power measurement device.
8.3.1.2.3 Vehicle testing
The vehicle and related equipment shall be installed in the test position shown in Figure
1.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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