GB/T 31498-2021 (GB/T31498-2021, GBT 31498-2021, GBT31498-2021)
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Post crash safety requirement for electric vehicle
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GB/T 31498-2021
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Standards related to: GB/T 31498-2021
| Standard ID | GB/T 31498-2021 (GB/T31498-2021) | | Description (Translated English) | Post crash safety requirement for electric vehicle | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | T09 | | Classification of International Standard | 43.020 | | Word Count Estimation | 10,151 | | Date of Issue | 2021-08-20 | | Date of Implementation | 2022-03-01 | | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB/T 31498-2015 | | Drafting Organization | China Automotive Technology Research Center Co., Ltd., BYD Automobile Industry Co., Ltd., Chongqing Changan Automobile Co., Ltd., FAW Toyota Technology Development Co., Ltd., Shanghai Weilai Automobile Co., Ltd., FAW-Volkswagen Co., Ltd., Volvo Cars (Asia Pacific) Investment Holdings Co., Ltd. Company, Jaguar Land Rover (China) Investment Co., Ltd., Dongfeng Motor Co., Ltd., Dongfeng Nissan Passenger Vehicle Co., Ltd., Qoros Motor Co., Ltd. | | Administrative Organization | National Automotive Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC 114) | | Proposing organization | Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation, National Standardization Administration | GB/T 31498-2021
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.020
CCS T 09
Replacing GB/T 31498-2015
Post crash safety requirement for electric vehicle
ISSUED ON: AUGUST 20, 2021
IMPLEMENTED ON: MARCH 01, 2022
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of
China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative references ... 5
3 Terms and definitions ... 6
4 Technical requirements ... 7
5 Test procedures ... 9
Annex A (normative) Post crash electricity safety requirements and test
methods for electric vehicle... 11
Post crash safety requirement for electric vehicle
1 Scope
This Standard specifies special safety requirements and test methods for pure
electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles with level-B voltage circuits after
frontal, side, and rear crashes.
This Standard is applicable to frontal crashes of M1 and N1 vehicles with a
maximum design total mass of not more than 2500kg, as well as pure electric
vehicles and hybrid vehicles with level-B voltage circuits in multi-purpose trucks.
This Standard is applicable to side crashes and rear crashes of pure electric
vehicles and hybrid vehicles with level-B voltage circuits in M1 and N1 vehicles.
This Standard does not apply to fuel cell electric vehicles.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of
this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
GB/T 4208, Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code)
GB 11551, The protection of the occupants in the event of a frontal crash for
motor vehicle
GB 18384-2020, Electric vehicles safety requirements
GB/T 18385-2005, Electric vehicles - Power performance - Test method
GB/T 19596, Terminology of electric vehicles
GB 20071, The protection of the occupants in the event of a lateral crash
GB 20072, The requirements of fuel system safety in the event of rear-end
crash for passenger car
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions defined in GB/T
19596 as well as the followings apply.
3.1 working voltage
according to the manufacturer's instructions, in any normal working state, the
effective value (rms) of the AC voltage or the maximum value of the DC voltage
that may occur in the power system (not considering transient peaks)
3.2 passenger compartment
the occupant's space enclosed by the roof, floor, side walls, doors, glass
windows and front wall, rear wall or back seat back support plate, as well as
electrical protection fences and shells that prevent occupants from contacting
live parts
[Source: GB/T 19596-2017, 3.1.2.2.5]
3.3 direct contact
human or animal contact with live parts
[Source: GB/T 19596-2017, 3.1.3.2.3]
3.4 indirect contact
human or animal contact with exposed conductive parts that become live in the
event of basic insulation failure
[Source: GB/T 19596-2017, 3.1.3.2.4]
3.5 exposed conductive part
the conductive part that can be touched by the joint test finger (IPXXB)
NOTE: This concept is for a specific circuit. The live part in one circuit may be an exposed
conductor in another circuit. For example, the body of a passenger car may be the live part
in the auxiliary circuit, but it is an exposed conductor in the power circuit.
[Source: GB/T 19596-2017, 3.1.2.3.4, with modification]
3.6 live part
conductors or conductive parts that are energized during normal use
[Source: GB/T 19596-2017, 3.1.2.3.4]
According to the test method specified in A.1 of Annex A, the voltage Ub, U1 and
U2 of the high-voltage bus shall not be greater than 30V AC or 60V DC.
4.2.3 Electricity requirements
The total electric energy TE on the high-voltage bus should be less than 0.2J.
TE can be obtained in one of two ways: One is to measure the total electric
energy TE when the electric energy is measured according to the test
procedure specified in formula (A.1). The other is to calculate the total energy
TE according to the formula (A.2) through the voltage Ub of the high-voltage
bus and the capacitance (Cx) of the X-capacitor specified by the manufacturer.
The energy stored in the Y-capacitor (TEy1, TEy2) shall also be less than 0.2J.
The value shall be calculated according to formula (A.3) and formula (A.4) by
the voltages U1 and U2 of the high-voltage bus and the electric platform and the
capacitance (Cy1, Cy2) of the Y-capacitor specified by the manufacturer.
4.2.4 Physical protection
To prevent direct contact with high voltage live parts, the vehicle shall have
IPXXB level protection after crash. The test method is carried out in accordance
with A.3. In addition, in order to prevent indirect contact with electric shock, use
a current greater than 0.2A to measure. The resistance between all exposed
conductive parts and the electric platform shall be less than 0.1Ω. When
welding connection is used, it is considered to meet this requirement.
4.2.5 Insulation resistance
4.2.5.1 General requirements
After a vehicle crash, the insulation resistance shall be measured in accordance
with the provisions of 6.2.1 in GB 18384-2020, and shall meet the requirements
of 4.2.5.2 and 4.2.5.3.
If the high-voltage bus in the passenger compartment only has the positive pole
or the negative pole, it is not protected by the IPXXB level, then the energy
stored in the Y-capacitor (TEy1, TEy2) shall be less than 0.2J.
If the positive and negative poles of high-voltage busbars are not protected by
IPXXB level at the same time in the passenger cabin, this clause does not apply.
4.2.5.2 The power system consists of separate DC and AC busbars
If the AC high-voltage bus and the DC high-voltage bus are isolated from each
other, about the insulation resistance between the high-voltage bus and the
electric platform for the DC bus, the minimum value shall be 100Ω/V. For the
AC bus, the minimum value shall be 500Ω/V.
4.2.5.3 The power system consists of connected DC and AC busbars
If the AC high-voltage bus and the DC high-voltage bus are conductively
connected to each other, the minimum insulation resistance between the high-
voltage bus and the electric platform shall be 500Ω/V. If after the crash, all AC
high-voltage busbars meet the physical protection requirements specified in
4.2.4, or the AC voltage is equal to or less than 30V according to the test method
specified in A.1, then the minimum insulation resistance between the high-
voltage bus and the electric platform shall be 100Ω/V.
4.3 Electrolyte leakage requirements
From the end of the crash to 30 minutes, there shall be no electrolyte overflow
from the REESS to the passenger compartment, and no more than 5.0L of
electrolyte shall overflow from the REESS. If the electrolyte cannot be
distinguished from other liquids, all liquids shall be included.
4.4 REESS requirements
4.4.1 REESS mobile requirements
The REESS in the passenger compartment shall be kept in the installation
position. REESS components shall be kept in its enclosure. Any part of REESS
located outside the passenger compartment shall not enter the passenger
compartment.
4.4.2 REESS special safety requirements
Within 30 minutes after the crash, REESS shall not explode or catch fire.
5 Test procedures
5.1 Vehicle preparation before the test
5.1.1 Pure electric vehicles and externally rechargeable hybrid vehicles shall
be fully charged according to 5.1 of GB/T 18385-2005.
5.1.2 non-externally charged hybrid electric vehicles are prepared for the test
according to the normal running state of the vehicle.
5.1.3 The crash test of pure electric vehicles and externally rechargeable hybrid
vehicles shall be carried out within 24 hours after the vehicle is charged.
5.1.4 Other conditions of the vehicle for frontal crash test shall be prepared in
accordance with the relevant regulations of GB 11551.
5.1.5 Other conditions of the vehicle undergoing side impact test shall be
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