GB/T 27840-2021 PDF English
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| GB/T 27840-2021 | English | 515 |
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Fuel consumption test methods for heavy-duty commercial vehicles
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| GB/T 27840-2011 | English | 150 |
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Fuel consumption test methods for heavy-duty commercial vehicles
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GB/T 27840-2021: Fuel consumption test methods for heavy-duty commercial vehicles---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT27840-2021
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.020
CCS T 40
Replacing GB/T 27840-2011
Fuel consumption test methods for heavy-duty commercial
vehicles
Issued on. OCTOBER 11, 2021
Implemented on. MAY 01, 2022
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 6
2 Normative references... 6
3 Terms and definitions... 7
4 General requirements... 7
5 Chassis dynamometer test... 8
6 Simulation method... 14
7 Output results... 18
Annex A (normative) Test report (chassis dynamometer method)... 20
Annex B (normative) Test report (simulation test method)... 23
Annex C (normative) Driving resistance determination and simulation on chassis
dynamometer... 27
Annex D (normative) Test record form... 35
Annex E (normative) Recommended scheme for driving resistance coefficient of heavy
commercial vehicles... 39
Annex F (normative) Technical characteristics of chassis dynamometer... 43
Annex G (informative) Flow chart of simulation calculation method... 45
Annex H (normative) Input and output file formats... 46
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the measurement method for fuel consumption of heavy-duty
commercial vehicles.
This Standard is applicable to commercial vehicles that burn gasoline and diesel, of
which the maximum design total mass is greater than 3500kg, including trucks, semi-
trailer tractors, ordinary passenger cars, dump trucks and city buses. Concrete mixer
trucks can refer to the relevant measurement methods of dump trucks. For other special
transport vehicles, refer to the relevant measurement methods for trucks.
This Standard does not apply to special purpose vehicles, including van-type special
operation vehicle, tank-type special operation vehicle, special dumping operation
vehicle, warehouse grid-type special operation vehicle, hoisting and lifting special
operation vehicle and special structure special operation vehicle. This Standard does
not apply to hybrid electric vehicles.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 1413-2008, Series 1 freight containers - Classification, dimensions and
ratings
GB/T 1884, Petroleum and liquid petroleum product - Determination of density -
Hydrometer method
GB/T 3730.1, Motor vehicles and trailers - Types - Terms and definitions
GB/T 12534-1990, Motor vehicles - General rules of road test method
GB/T 15089, Classification of power-driven vehicles and trailers
GB/T 17350, Terms marks and designation for special purpose vehicles and special
trailers
GB 17691-2018, Limits and measurement methods for emissions from diesel fuelled
heavy-duty vehicles (CHINA VI)
GB/T 18297-2001, Performance test code for road vehicle engines
GB 18352.6-2016, Limits and measurement methods for emissions from light-duty
vehicles (CHINA 6)
GB/T 38146.2-2019, China automotive test cycle - Part 2.Heavy-duty commercial
vehicles
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions defined in GB/T 3730.1,
GB/T 15089, GB/T 17350 and GB/T 38146.2-2019 as well as the followings apply.
3.1 basic vehicle type
vehicles applied by vehicle manufacturers as basic types
3.2 variant of a vehicle type
a new model formed by modifying the design or changing the structural configuration
on the basis of the approved basic type
4 General requirements
4.1 It shall use chassis dynamometer method to determine fuel consumption of basic
vehicle type. Indicate it as the basic vehicle type in the test report specified in Annex A.
4.2 The vehicle manufacturer chooses to use the chassis dynamometer method or the
simulation calculation method to determine the fuel consumption of variant of a vehicle
type. Indicate the basic vehicle type corresponding to this variant of a vehicle type in
the corresponding test report specified in Annex A or Annex B. Submit a fuel
consumption test report for basic vehicle type.
4.4 When using the chassis dynamometer method to determine fuel consumption, the
vehicle manufacturer shall submit a vehicle representing the tested model to the
inspection agency responsible for the type test. During the test, the inspection agency
shall confirm that the vehicle emission status complies with the vehicle emission test
limit requirements of the corresponding emission standard.
5 Chassis dynamometer test
5.1 Vehicle preparation
5.1.1 Run-in
The test vehicle shall be run-in not more than 10,000km.
5.1.2 Tire
Test tires shall be original tires for the type. If the type can be equipped with several
different specifications of tires, the one with the largest rolling resistance shall be
selected for the test. Before the test starts, the tires shall be inflated according to the
vehicle manufacturer's recommendations according to the maximum test load and
maximum test speed of the tires.
5.2 Determination of driving resistance
Determine vehicle running resistance according to Annex C. Record the test vehicle
parameters and test data in accordance with the provisions of Annex D. If the vehicle
manufacturer agrees, the driving resistance can be determined according to the
recommended value of the driving resistance coefficient specified in Annex E as an
alternative method.
5.3 Chassis dynamometer method
5.3.1 Chassis dynamometer and related test equipment
5.3.2 Laboratory environmental conditions
5.3.2.1 The ambient temperature shall be between 5°C and 35°C. The recommended
ambient temperature is 23°C±5°C. The actual ambient temperature shall be stated in
the test report.
5.3.2.2 The relative humidity shall be less than 95%.
5.3.2.3 The atmospheric pressure shall be between 91kPa~104kPa.
5.3.3 Test fuel
5.3.3.1 The test fuel shall comply with the regulations of the vehicle manufacturer. Use
the benchmark fuel that meets the requirements of Annex K of GB 18352.6-2016 or the
commercially available vehicle fuel that meets the relevant national standards.
5.4 Test procedure
5.4.1 Place the vehicle according to C.2.2.1.Connect the fuel flow meter, exhaust
sampling system and other test equipment. Verify that the fuel line is leak-free and
functioning properly.
5.4.2 Adjust the chassis dynamometer according to C.2.2 or C.3.2.
5.4.6 During the test, the shifting strategy shall be determined jointly by the vehicle
manufacturer and the testing agency. If the vehicle has undergone a simulation test, the
calculated shift point can be used as a reference for the chassis dynamometer test. The
following items are available for the determination of the shifting strategy.
5.4.7 When decelerating, release the accelerator pedal properly. Continue to keep the
clutch engaged. Disengage the clutch, downshift or stop until the test vehicle speed
drops to the lowest stable vehicle speed in that gear. If necessary, use the vehicle's
brakes and auxiliary braking devices to decelerate.
5.4.8 The vehicle test shall run three complete CHTC driving conditions. Record the
test results separately after each complete CHTC driving condition.
5.4.9 Between two adjacent full CHTC driving conditions, vehicles and related
equipment shall continue to operate or use other methods to maintain a warm engine
state.
5.5 Test deviation
5.5.1 During the test, the actual running state of the vehicle shall be basically consistent
with the CHTC driving condition. The maximum deviation of its speed is ±3km/h. The
single time exceeding the speed deviation shall not be greater than 2s. The accumulated
time shall not be greater than 15s.
5.6 Data processing and test results
5.6.1 Data collection and processing steps
5.6.1.1 Data logging can be done by automated acquisition systems or manually.
5.6.2 Calculation of fuel consumption
5.6.2.1 Determination of fuel consumption by the carbon balance method
Calculate the fuel consumption Q according to formula (1) or formula (2).
5.6.3 Determination of comprehensive fuel consumption
5.6.3.1 Calculate the standard deviation σ of the 95th percentile distribution of the three
test results according to formula (5). Compare the difference between the maximum
and minimum fuel consumption (ΔQmax) of the three measurements with the σ value.
5.6.3.2 Carry out the repeatability inspection of fuel consumption for three complete
CHTC driving conditions in accordance with 5.6.3.1.
6 Simulation method
6.1 Algorithm
The simulation calculation method is based on the test data of the universal
characteristics of the automobile engine. Input key parameters such as the vehicle,
transmission, tires into the computer program. The running state of the test vehicle
under the CHTC driving condition is simulated by the computer program. Calculate the
fuel consumption of the test vehicle. See Annex G for the flow chart of the simulation
calculation method.
6.2 Input parameters
6.2.1 The vehicle parameters that shall be input include.
6.2.2 The engine parameters that shall be input include.
6.2.3 The transmission parameters that shall be input include. the type of transmission
(AT, MT, AMT), the number of gears of the main (auxiliary) transmission, the gear ratio,
the main reduction ratio, and so on.
6.2.4 In addition to the above parameters, the tire size shall also be input. If the sliding
energy variation method is used to determine the driving resistance, the corresponding
test data shall also be submitted in the format of H.1.2 in Annex H.
6.3 Determination of driving resistance
6.3.1 Carry out the coasting test in accordance with Annex C to determine the running
resistance. The time average sequence format corresponding to several taxi speeds is
shown in H.1.2, which is used as the read-in file of the simulation program.
6.4 Tire rolling radius calculation
Calculate the tire rolling radius r according to formula (6).
6.5 Engine speed and torque calculation
6.5.1 Calculate the engine speed Ne(t) according to formula (7).
6.6 shift strategy
6.6.1 Start in second gear.
6.6.2 Calculate real-time torque at the moment of shift. Calculate the torque margin TM
according to formula (10). Whether it performs an upshift is determined by the torque
margin ratio after the upshift.
6.6.3 Do not shift gear when decelerating.
6.7 Fuel consumption calculation
6.7.1 Calculate the engine speed and torque corresponding to each second under the
CHTC driving condition according to 6.5.
6.7.2 According to the universal characteristic data of the engine, the fuel consumption
per second is determined by query or interpolation.
6.7.3 Accumulate the fuel consumption per second determined in 6.7.2 and divide by
the corresponding mileage. Each speed interval and comprehensive fuel consumption
of CHTC driving conditions are obtained respectively.
6.8 Output
7 Output results
7.1 General requirements
The type test shall take the fuel consumption per 100 kilometers determined in 5.6.3 or
6.7 as the output result. In addition to the type test, other output results shall be
determined with reference to 7.2 to 7.3.
7.2 Carbon dioxide emissions
7.2.1 If the fuel consumption is determined according to 5.6.2.1, the carbon dioxide
emissions obtained during the test can be used as the output result.
7.2.2 If the fuel consumption is determined according to 5.6.2.2, 5.6.2.3 or the
simulation calculation method, the corresponding carbon dioxide emission reference
value E can be calculated by formula (11).
7.3 Other fuel consumption
7.3.1 For all types of heavy commercial vehicles, formula (12) shall be used to calculate
the fuel consumption per 100 km per ton Qt.
7.3.2 For ordinary passenger cars and urban passenger cars, formula (13) shall be used
to calculate the fuel consumption per 100 kilometers per person Qs.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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