GB/T 24625-2024 PDF English
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Guide for the design and application of synchronous motors for converter supply
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| GB/T 24625-2009 | English | 195 |
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GB/T 24625-2024: Guide for the design and application of synchronous motors for converter supply---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT24625-2024
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 29.160.30
CCS K 21
Replacing GB/T 24625-2009
Guide for the design and application of synchronous motors
for converter supply
Issued on: SEPTEMBER 29, 2024
Implemented on: APRIL 01, 2025
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 5
2 Normative references... 5
3 Terms and definitions... 6
4 Matching of motor and inverter... 6
4.1 Selection of inverters... 6
4.2 Design of synchronous motor powered by inverter... 7
4.3 Noise and vibration of synchronous motors powered by inverters... 9
4.4 Commutating reactor XC limit... 10
4.5 Specialties of permanent magnet motor operation... 10
5 Classification of inverter-powered synchronous motors... 11
5.1 General industrial variable frequency synchronous motor... 11
5.2 Variable frequency synchronous motors for loads such as hoists... 11
5.3 Synchronous motors for metal rolling mills... 11
6 Motor structure type, protection level, cooling method and lubrication form... 12
7 Basic technical requirements for electric motors... 13
8 Test methods for synchronous motors powered by inverters... 14
9 Accompanying documents, spare parts and warranty period... 14
Annex A (informative) Technical information between inverter and motor... 16
Guide for the design and application of synchronous motors
for converter supply
1 Scope
This document specifies the ratings, structural types, performance requirements,
cooling methods, test methods and acceptance rules for three-phase or multi-phase
electrically excited synchronous motors and permanent magnet synchronous motors
powered by inverters, including requirements for inverters.
This document applies to synchronous motors driven by frequency converters.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 755-2019, Rotating electrical machines -- Rating and performance
GB/T 997-2022, Classification of types of construction, mounting arrangements and
terminal box position (IM Code) for rotating electrical machines
GB/T 1029, Test procedures for three-phase synchronous machines
GB/T 1971-2021, Rotating electrical machines -- Terminal markings and direction
of rotation
GB/T 1993-1993, Cooling methods for rotating electrical machines
GB/T 4942-2021, Degrees of protection provided by the integral design of rotating
electrical machines (IP code) -- Classification
GB/T 10068-2020, Mechanical vibration of certain machines with shaft heights 56
mm and higher -- Measurement, evaluation and limits of vibration severity
GB/T 10069.1-2006, Measurement of airborne noise emitted by rotating electrical
machines and the noise limits -- Part 1.Method for the measurement of airborne
noise emitted by rotating electrical machines
GB/T 10069.3-2008, Measurement of airborne noise emitted by rotating electrical
machines and the noise limits -- Part 3.Noise limits
a) The inverter is generally configured according to the continuous load current
capacity, short-time load current capacity and peak current capacity. In the
selection process, the size of the specification, the peak and instantaneous value
of the current, the RMS value of the motor current and the operating mode of the
system should be properly controlled.
b) When the motor and control system are used for loads where torque or frequency
may change suddenly, the current size should be selected taking into account the
maximum transient current peak value caused by the sudden change.
c) When the motor's operating speed is required to change, if the power frequency
changes more than the motor's speed, the effective current or peak current output
by the control system may exceed the steady-state requirement.
d) When the motor is running at low speed or overloaded, the motor loss increases
and the efficiency decreases, so the power supply should ensure the operating
requirements of the motor.
e) The du/dt value of the inverter output is not greater than 3 kV/µs, and the common
mode voltage is not greater than 1 kV. If there are special requirements, they can
be negotiated separately.
f) Frequency converters can be divided into two types. voltage source type and
current source type. For AC-DC-AC frequency converters, if the intermediate DC
link is connected in parallel with a filter capacitor, it is a voltage source type. If
the intermediate DC link is connected in series with a filter inductor, it is a current
source type. AC-AC frequency converters do not have an obvious DC
intermediate link, but they also have voltage source type and current source type
to meet the needs of the load. Usually, the internal resistance of AC-AC frequency
converters is very small, and most of them are voltage source type.
4.2 Design of synchronous motor powered by inverter
When designing and selecting three-phase or multi-phase variable frequency
synchronous motors, the following factors need to be considered.
a) Unless otherwise specified, the motor shall be rated at continuous duty (S1). The
rated value is the shaft power output by the motor at rated speed and rated voltage.
The definition of the base rated value is to specify the voltage, speed, power or
torque of the motor at point 3 in Figure 1 so that it meets the conditions at that
point.
b) The short-term overload capacity for occasional use refers to the ability of the
motor to continuously withstand a load exceeding the rated load within a specified
time when an accident rarely occurs or an emergency occurs. The short-term
overload capacity for frequent use refers to the ability of the motor to repeatedly
requirements of the agreement.
g) Because at a certain operating frequency of some types of inverters, the RMS
value of the current input to the motor contains a considerable amount of
harmonic current peaks and transient currents. Therefore, under full load, the total
RMS value of the motor current is greater than the current corresponding to
running under a sine wave power supply.
h) The effect of cogging torque should be reduced when designing the motor.
i) The corresponding harmonic content in the voltage or current of the inverter-
powered motor is different from that when it is running on a sinusoidal power
supply. It is important to analyze the torque reduction caused by harmonics and
the impact of oscillating torque on the basic operating performance of the drive.
Only by understanding the frequency spectrum of the inverter output current
and/or voltage can the motor manufacturer calculate the details of the additional
torque (especially oscillating torque) and losses generated during the operation of
the motor and the impact of harmonics on the temperature rise of the windings.
This is very different from the design of the effective part of the motor within the
scope of GB/T 755-2019, so that each reduction factor is determined before the
selection. When using intermittent, periodic, and variable load working systems,
the time quota is a continuous quota based on the thermal effects encountered in
actual use.
j) Technical information communication should be considered when selecting
inverters and motors, see Annex A.
4.3 Noise and vibration of synchronous motors powered by inverters
4.3.1 Factors affecting noise and vibration of inverter-powered synchronous
motors
The motor and the driven equipment have natural resonant frequencies in radial, axial
and different torsional modes. When frequency modulation control is applied to the
motor, the system will be excited by the electromagnetic harmonics emitted by the
inverter, which will affect the noise level, vibration level and torsional response of the
transmission system. System design needs to consider these effects to ensure the normal
operation of the transmission system.
When designing such motors, motor manufacturers should optimize the design to
reduce noise and vibration, but factors other than the motor need to be considered
comprehensively.
The noise and vibration of the motor are related to the following factors.
a) electromagnetic design;
b) inverter type;
c) motor frame structure, resonance of rotating parts and oil film stiffness;
d) mass size, equipment integrity and foundation structure;
e) load and shaft connection method;
f) air duct or external cooling device noise;
g) vibration effect of ventilation device and main motor body.
4.3.2 Noise and vibration assessment of synchronous motors powered by inverters
The allowable vibration value of the motor shall comply with the following
requirements.
a) The speed should not exceed the maximum allowable value specified in GB/T
10068-2020 for speeds of 600 r/min and above;
b) The double amplitude vibration value should not exceed 0.075 mm for speeds
below 600 r/min.
Normally, the noise of a motor should not exceed the maximum allowable value
specified in GB/T 10069.3-2008; or be agreed upon by the manufacturer and the user
in the technical agreement.
4.4 Commutating reactor XC limit
The commutating reactor XC is closely related to the air-gap torque, stator current
fluctuation, additional losses, vibration and noise. It determines the dynamic response
of the motor.
For voltage source inverter XC (p.u.) = 0.15~0.20
For current source inverter XC (p.u.) = 0.08~0.10
For permanent magnet motor commutating reactor, it shall be agreed upon by the
manufacturer and the user in the technical agreement.
4.5 Specialties of permanent magnet motor operation
The excitation of permanent magnet motor is uncontrollable (fixed magnetic flux), so
the system designer should consider the impact of the induced voltage generated by the
magnetic field of permanent magnet synchronous motor on the AC side during
operation, such as.
a) The short-circuit current generated by the short circuit of the internal winding
when the motor rotates cannot be quickly cut off;
b) The open-circuit voltage generated on the wiring terminals when the motor is
idling;
c) When the permanent magnet motor is running in weak magnetic field, the
machine-end overvoltage condition is generated after the inverter fails and stops
running.
5 Classification of inverter-powered synchronous motors
5.1 General industrial variable frequency synchronous motor
This type of motor is used to adjust the load by adjusting the mechanical speed of the
motor to achieve energy saving. It is mainly used for loads such as fans and water pumps,
and generally the S1 duty is the rated value basis.
5.2 Variable frequency synchronous motors for loads such as hoists
This type of motor has a continuous cycle S8 duty cycle with corresponding changes in
load and speed.
5.3 Synchronous motors for metal rolling mills
5.3.1 Synchronous motors for metal finishing mills
This type of motor is generally unidirectional, but can be designed to run in both
directions if necessary. The following special requirements should be considered for
this type of rolling mill motor.
a) There is enough margin for temperature rise under rated load. Under rated working
condition and 100% rated load, the motor temperature rise is assessed according
to 130 (B) grade insulation.
b) Continuous overload capacity. Under rated working condition and 115% rated
load, the motor can run continuously. At this time, the motor temperature rise is
assessed according to 155 (F) grade insulation.
c) There is a high short-term overload capacity. Except for special provisions, the
motor overload requirements are shown in Table 1.
d) Closed-loop speed control. A speed measuring device is used for closed-loop
speed control.
mostly horizontal or vertical installation. Sliding bearings or rolling bearings are used
for support.
6.2 The protection level is in accordance with GB/T 4942-2021, which is IP23, IP44 or
IP54.
6.3 The cooling method is in accordance with GB/T 1993-1993, which is IC 86W or IC
37.
6.4 Sliding bearings are mostly lubricated with hydrostatic oil. Rolling bearings are
lubricated with oil or grease. High-speed variable frequency motors also use magnetic
bearings or air bearings.
7 Basic technical requirements for electric motors
7.1 If there is no special requirement, the thermal insulation grade of the motor is
generally 155 (F) or 180 (H).
7.2 The motor rating is a continuous rating based on the S1 duty system.
7.3 The normal operating conditions of the motor are as follows.
a) Altitude is not exceeding 1000 m. When the altitude of the operating location
exceeds 1000 m or the cooling medium temperature decreases with increasing
altitude, the temperature rise limit of the motor shall be revised in accordance
with GB/T 755-2019.
b) The ambient temperature is 0℃~40℃. The cooling air does not contain harmful
gases such as acid, alkali and salt. The dust content in the air should not exceed
0.15 mg/m3.
c) The reference voltages are. 600 V, 690 V, 1 200 V, 1 650 V, 3300 V, 6600 V, and
10000 V levels.
7.4 Motors without special requirements are generally tested at 1.2 times the maximum
speed for 1 min.
7.5 Since the shaft voltage of the variable frequency motor is larger than that of the
industrial frequency motor, in order to avoid the generation of shaft current, a shaft
current grounding device is considered on the motor.
7.6 The terminal marking and rotation direction of the motor shall comply with GB/T
1971-2021.
8 Test methods for synchronous motors powered by inverters
8.1 The test shall be carried out in accordance with GB/T 1029 or GB/T 25442.
8.2 The vibration measurement shall be carried out in accordance with GB/T 10068-
2020.
8.3 The noise measurement shall be carried out in accordance with GB/T 10069.1-2006.
8.4 The anti-demagnetization capability verification test of the permanent magnet
motor shall be carried out in accordance with GB/T 25123.4-2015.
8.5 The characteristic test of the permanent magnet motor shall be carried out in
accordance with GB/T 25123.4-2015.
8.6 The overspeed test of the permanent magnet motor shall be carried out in accordance
with GB/T 25123.4-2015.
9 Accompanying documents, spare parts and warranty period
9.1 The following documents are provided with the variable frequency motor.
a) Packing list;
b) Product certificate;
c) Operation and maintenance instructions;
d) Technical conditions;
e) Electrical switch data;
f) Motor appearance drawing;
g) Motor general assembly drawing.
9.2 Each motor can provide the following spare parts.
a) One set of brushes (permanent magnet motors do not include brushes);
b) One quarter set of brush box (permanent magnet motors do not include brush box);
c) One set of bearings of each specification.
9.3 For variable frequency synchronous motors that are suitable for this document, the
manufacturer shall guarantee that the motors can operate well within one year of use,
or within two years from the date of shipment from the manufacturer, provided that the
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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