GB/T 14201-2018 PDF English
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| Standard ID | Contents [version] | USD | STEP2 | [PDF] delivery | Name of Chinese Standard | Status |
| GB/T 14201-2018 | English | 130 |
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Iron ore pellets for blast furnace and direct reduction feedstocks -- Determination of the crushing strength
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| GB/T 14201-1993 | English | 199 |
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Iron ore pellets. Determination of crushing strength
| Obsolete |
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GB/T 14201-2018: Iron ore pellets for blast furnace and direct reduction feedstocks -- Determination of the crushing strength
---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT14201-2018
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 73.060.10
D 31
Replacing GB/T 14201-1993
Iron Ore Pellets for Blast Furnace and Direct
Reduction Feedstocks – Determination of the
Crushing Strength
(ISO 4700:2015, MOD)
ISSUED ON: MAY 14, 2018
IMPLEMENTED ON: FEBRUARY 01, 2019
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative References ... 5
3 Terms and Definitions ... 5
4 Principle ... 6
5 Sampling and Preparation of Sample ... 6
6 Test Equipment ... 7
7 Confirmation of Equipment ... 7
8 Analysis Procedures ... 8
9 Results Expression Method ... 10
10 Test Report ... 10
Foreword
This Standard was drafted as per the rules specified in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This Standard replaced GB/T 14201-1993 Ore Pellets - Determination of Crushing
Strength. Compared with GB/T 14201-1993, this Standard has the major technical
changes as follows besides the editorial modifications:
--- Add “Warning” and “7 Confirmation of Equipment”;
--- Add "load drops to 50% of the recorded maximum load value, or appear load
higher than the recorded maximum value" in the test end conditions of "analysis
procedures";
--- Add "when the crushing strength of individual pellets is lower than 10daN, it shall
be excluded when calculating the final result" in the "analysis procedures";
--- Modify the content of information that "test report" shall include.
This Standard uses redrafting method to modify and adopt ISO 4700:2015 Iron Ore
Pellets for Blast Furnace and Direct Reduction Feedstocks – Determination of the
Crushing Strength.
Compared with ISO 4700:2015, this Standard has the structural adjustments as follows:
--- Adjust the Clause 10 of ISO 4700:2015 into Clause 7 of this Standard;
--- Adjust the Clause 7 of ISO 4700:2015 into Clause 8 of this Standard;
--- Adjust the Clause 8 of ISO 4700:2015 into Clause 9 of this Standard;
--- Adjust the Clause 9 of ISO 4700:2015 into Clause 10 of this Standard.
The technical differences and the causes between this Standard and ISO 4700:2015
are as follows:
--- With regard to Normative References, this Standard has adjusted the technical
differences to meet the technical conditions of China. The adjustments are
reflected in Clause 2 "Normative References". The specific adjustments are as
follows:
● Replace ISO 3082 by GB/T 10322.1 that equivalently adopts international
standards;
● Replaced ISO 11323 by GB/T 20565 that equivalently adopts international
standards.
Iron Ore Pellets for Blast Furnace and Direct
Reduction Feedstocks – Determination of the
Crushing Strength
Warning: Personnel using this standard shall have practical experience working
in formal laboratory. This standard does not point out all possible safety issues.
It is the user's responsibility to take appropriate safety and health measures and
to ensure compliance with the conditions prescribed by the relevant national
regulations.
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the method for determining the crushing strength of iron ore
pellets for blast furnace and direct reduction feedstocks.
This Standard is applicable to iron ore pellets for blast furnaces and direct reduction
feedstocks.
2 Normative References
The following documents are essential to the application of this document. For the
dated documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable to this
document; for the undated documents, only the latest version (including all the
amendments) are applicable to this document.
GB/T 10322.1 Iron Ores - Sampling and Sample Preparation Procedures (GB/T
10322.1-2014, ISO 3082:2019, IDT)
GB/T 20565 Iron Ores and Direct Reduced Iron – Vocabulary (GB/T 20565-2006,
ISO 11323:2002, IDT)
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purpose of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 20565 apply.
6 Test Equipment
6.1 Overview
The test equipment shall include the following parts:
a) Conventional test equipment, such as ovens, hand tools and safety devices, etc.;
b) Iron pellet pressure testing machine, including load device, load transmission
system, load indicator or recorder.
6.2 Load device
It is composed of two flat steel pressure plates, which are horizontal and parallel to
each other. The part of the plate surface that is in contact with the specimen shall be
made of hardened steel sheet. It shall be possible to ensure that during the whole test
period, the lifting speed of the pressure plate device is adjusted to a certain fixed speed
within the range of 10mm/min~20mm/min.
NOTE: If the speed of the pressure plate is not fixed during the test, the results may be different;
it depends on the used different equipment. Pressing machine that increases the load at a
constant speed may achieve more uniform and stable results.
6.3 Load transmission system
It may be a load cell or lever. The transmission capacity of the load cell shall be at least
10kN.
6.4 Load indicator or recorder
The load-sensing electric indicators (recording instruments, pointer instruments or
other suitable equipment), or lever-type mechanical indicators (pointer gauges or other
suitable instruments) may be used. When using a load cell, the full-scale deflection
time of the pen tip of the recording instrument shall be within 1s. The minimum scale
is 1/100 of full scale. Pressing devices shall be checked regularly.
7 Confirmation of Equipment
In order to ensure the reliability of the test results, it is necessary to regularly check
and confirm the equipment. The frequency of inspection is determined by each
laboratory.
The inspection items shall include:
--- Pressure plate;
--- Load device;
--- Load transmission system;
--- Load indicator;
--- Recorder.
It is recommended to prepare internal reference materials for periodic inspection of
test repeatability.
Records of the above verification activities shall be kept.
8 Analysis Procedures
8.1 The number of tests
To complete the test, 60 or more pellets are required (see 5.2).
8.2 Applied load
Put a specimen (single pellet) at the center of the hard surface part of the lower
pressure plate; apply the load at a constant speed (a fixed speed within the range of
10mm/min~20mm/min, 15mm/min±1mm/min is recommended) during the entire test
period.
When any of the following conditions are met, the test ends:
a) The load drops to 50% of the recorded maximum load value, or load appears to
be higher than the recorded maximum, see Figure 1;
b) The spacing between the pressure plates is reduced to 50% of the initial average
particle size of the specimen, see Figure 2.
In any of the above cases, the crushing strength is the maximum load obtained in the
test.
When the crushing strength of individual pellets is less than 10daN, it shall be excluded
when calculating the final result.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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