GB 4785-2019 PDF English
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Prescription for installation of the external lighting and light-signalling devices for motor vehicles and their trailers
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| GB 4785-2007 | English | 210 |
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Prescription for installation of the external lighting and light-signalling devices for motor vehicles and their trailers [including MODIFICATIONS 1, 2]
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| GB 4785-1998 | English | RFQ |
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Prescription for installation of the external lighting and light signalliug devices for motor vehicles and their trailers
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| GB 4785-1984 | English | RFQ |
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Numbers, positions and colours of the external lighting and light signalling devices for motor vehicles and their trailers
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GB 4785-2019: Prescription for installation of the external lighting and light-signalling devices for motor vehicles and their trailers
---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GB4785-2019
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.040.20
T 38
Replacing GB 4785-2007
Prescription for installation of the external lighting
and light-signalling devices for motor vehicles and
their trailers
Issued on: DECEMBER 17, 2019
Implemented on: JULY 01, 2020
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 4
1 Scope... 6
2 Normative references... 6
3 Terms and definitions... 7
4 General requirements... 20
5 Special regulations... 34
6 Inspection rules... 95
7 Date of implementation... 96
Appendix A (Normative) Various loading conditions for determining changes of
passing beam in the vertical direction... 98
Appendix B (Informative) Examples of lamp’s surfaces, reference axis, and
centre of reference, angles of geometric visibility... 101
Appendix C (Normative) Front view red light invisibility and rear view white light
invisibility... 113
Appendix D (Normative) Measurement of the change of the inclination of
passing beam with load... 114
Appendix E (Normative) Road tests... 120
Appendix F (Normative) Indication for adjustment of vertical downward
inclination of headlamp passing-beam and front fog lamp cut-off line... 123
Appendix G (Normative) Control of headlamp dimming device... 124
Appendix H (Normative) Automatic switch of the headlamp passing-beam. 126
Appendix I (Normative) Observation area for apparent surface of manoeuvring
lamp... 127
Bibliography... 128
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the general requirements, special regulations, and
inspection rules, etc. for the installation of the external lighting and light-
signalling devices for motor vehicles and their trailers.
This Standard applies to type M, N, and O motor vehicles and trailers, etc.
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For the dated references, only the editions with the dates indicated are
applicable to this document. For the undated references, the latest edition
(including all the amendments) are applicable to this document.
GB/T 3977 Specification of colors
GB 4094 Motor vehicles - Symbols for controls, indicators and tell-tales
GB 4599 Motor vehicle headlamps equipped with filament lamps
GB 4660 Motor vehicle front fog lamps equipped with filament lamps
GB 5920 Photometric characteristics of front and rear position lamps, end-
outline marker lamps and stop lamps for motor vehicles and their trailers
GB 11554 Photometric characteristics of rear fog lamp for power-driven
vehicles and their trailers
GB 11564 Retro-reflector device for motor vehicles
GB 12676 Technical requirements and testing methods for commercial
vehicle and trailer braking systems
GB 15235 Photometric characteristics of reversing lamps for power-driven
vehicles
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1 Type test
Carry out a type test on the number and method of installation of external
lighting and light-signalling devices for a certain vehicle type.
3.2 Vehicle type with regard to the installation of lighting and light-
signalling devices
Vehicles that do not differ in the following are considered to be the same vehicle
type.
- Vehicle shape and dimensions;
- The number and position of installation of the devices;
- Headlamp dimming device;
- Suspension system.
Where it can be regarded as the same type. For some vehicles, there are
differences from the above, but the differences do not change the type, number,
location, geometric visibility, and inclination of the passing beam of the installed
vehicle lamps and the installation of optional lamps or not.
3.3 Transverse plane
The vertical plane orthogonal to the longitudinal symmetry plane of vehicle.
3.4 Unladen vehicle
The vehicle without drivers, attendants, passengers, and loads, but with
sufficient fuel, spare tires, and common tools.
3.5 Laden vehicle
The vehicle of the maximum mass technically permitted by the loading
manufacturer, with its loading conditions distributed on the axles.
Note. See Appendix A for various loading conditions.
3.6 Lighting and light-signalling device
A unit, group of units, or installation unit for one or more functions.
4 General requirements
4.1 Lighting and light-signalling devices shall ensure that, under normal
condition of use of a vehicle as defined in 3.26, even if subjected to vibration,
they shall still meet the requirements of this Standard for each device and the
entire vehicle. Do not adjust the device incorrectly due to improper operation.
In particular, the lamp must not be loose and out of alignment.
4.2 The installation of passing-beam headlamp, main-beam headlamp, and
front fog lamp shall facilitate the correct adjustment of their sights.
4.3 When installing all light-signalling devices (including light-signalling devices
installed on the side of the vehicle), the reference axis shall be parallel to the
parking surface of the vehicle on the road. In addition, for the side retro-reflector
and the side marker lamp, the reference axis shall be perpendicular to the
longitudinal symmetry plane of the vehicle; the reference axis of all other light-
signalling devices shall be parallel to it. The tolerance in each direction is ±3°.
If the manufacturer has special installation instructions, they shall also be
followed.
4.4 If there is no special instruction, when inspecting the installation height and
direction of the lamps, the vehicle under test shall be unladen and placed on a
level ground. The vehicle shall be in the state defined in 3.26.AFS shall be in a
neutral state.
4.5 The installation requirements for paired lamps shall meet the following.
4.6 For vehicles with asymmetrical shapes, the requirements of 4.5 shall also
be met as far as possible.
4.7 A single lamp, grouped lamps, combined lamps, and reciprocally
incorporated lamps shall meet the following requirements.
a) The lamps, in accordance with their respective light colors, installation
positions, orientations, geometric visibility, circuit connections, and other
requirements, can be grouped, combined, or incorporated with each other.
It shall meet the following requirements.
4.8 The maximum ground clearance shall be measured from the highest point
of the apparent surface in the direction of reference axis. The minimum ground
clearance shall be measured from the lowest point of the apparent surface in
the direction of reference axis. (If the installation position clearly meets the
requirements of this Standard, it is not necessary to determine the precise edge
of any surface.) Except for the following cases.
4.9 Without special instructions, during the operation of lamp, its optical
characteristics (such as. light intensity, color, apparent surface, etc.) must not
be changed at will. Except in the following cases.
4.10 For the lamps defined in 3.9, no red light shall be observed from the front
of the vehicle; no white light shall be observed from the rear of the vehicle
(except for vehicle interior lamps). If there is any objection, it shall be inspected
according to the following methods.
4.11 The circuit connection shall ensure that the front position lamp, rear
position lamp, end-outline marker lamp (if installed), side marker lamp (if
installed), rear-registration plate illuminating device, and marker lamp for draw-
bar-trailer can only be turned on or off at the same time. Except in the following
cases.
4.12 The circuit connection shall ensure that the main-beam headlamp,
passing-beam headlamp, and front fog lamp can only be turned on when the
lamps in 4.11 above are turned on. However, when the main-beam headlamp
and passing-beam headlamp are used as warning signals, the above situation
does not apply (i.e., the main-beam headlamp or passing-beam headlamp is
turned on intermittently, or the main-beam headlamp and passing-beam
headlamp are turned on alternately intermittently). When the following
requirements are met, the passing-beam headlamp and/or main-beam
headlamp and/or front fog lamp can replace the functions of the front position
lamp.
4.13 The "closed-circuit" tell-tale in this Standard may be replaced by an
"operating" tell-tale.
4.14 For concealable lamps, the following requirements shall be met.
4.16 The number of lamps installed on the vehicle shall meet the corresponding
requirements in Clause 5 Special regulations.
4.17 The illuminating surface of a light-signalling device other than a retro-
reflector is determined as follows.
4.18 For rear position lamps, rear direction-indicator lamps, triangular/non-
triangular rear retro-reflectors mounted on movable components, the following
requirements shall be met.
4.19 When the moving component is not in the "normal position of use of a
movable component", the installation of the device shall not cause excessive
discomfort to other road users.
4.20 When the lamp is installed on a moving component and the moving
component is in the "normal position of use of a movable component",
according to the requirements of this Standard, the lamp shall always be able
to return to the position specified by the manufacturer. For passing-beam
headlamps and front fog lamps, if the moving component is removed from the
normal position of use and returns 10 times, and the deviation between the
each-time measured tilt angle with respect to its support and the average of the
10 times is not greater than 0.15%, then the above requirement is met. If the
result exceeds this limit, when the vehicle is inspected in accordance with
Appendix D, the allowable range specified in 5.2.6.1.1 shall be adjusted and
the excess subtracted, to reduce the allowable range of the slope.
4.21 When viewed from the direction of reference axis, any movable component
(whether or not equipped with a light-signalling device), in all fixed positions,
covers the front and rear position lamps, front and rear direction-indicator lamps,
and front and rear retro-reflectors at no more than 50% of their apparent
surfaces. If the above conditions cannot be met, the following requirements
shall be met.
4.22 With the exception of retro-reflectors, all lamps (including those that have
passed type test), after being fitted with a light source or/and a fuse, are not
considered if they cannot be lit.
4.23 For lamps which use replaceable filament light sources in accordance with
GB 15766.1 and ECE R37 (except for non-replaceable light sources as defined
in 3.7.2), their installation on vehicles shall ensure that the light source can be
replaced without dedicated tools or special tools, unless these tools are already
equipped on the vehicle and the manufacturer shall provide detailed
instructions on how to replace them.
For the light source module, if it has a lamp holder that is the same as the
replaceable light source lamp holder in GB 15766.1 and ECE R37, it shall also
comply with this regulation.
4.24 When the rear position lamp has a temporary failure, it is allowed to use a
lamp with similar light color, central luminous intensity, and position instead; and,
the replacement lamp maintains the original function. During this period, the
operating tell-tale (see 3.20) on the panel shall indicate that a temporary
replacement has occurred and overhaul is required.
4.25 If AFS is installed, it is equivalent to a pair of passing-beam headlamps
and a pair of main-beam headlamps (if equipped).
4.26 Rear direction-indicator lamps, rear position lamps, stop lamps (except S4
stop lamps), and rear fog lamps allow variable intensity. The above-mentioned
variable intensity control can simultaneously react to at least one of the
following external influences. ambient lighting, fog, snowfall, rainfall, spray,
sand-dust, and light emitting surface pollution. It shall also ensure that its
intensity relationship remains unchanged during the transition period. During
the transition, there shall be no noticeable strong changes. S4 stop lamps can
produce intensity changes independently of other lamps. It is allowed to be
equipped with a manual operation function, allowing the driver to adjust the
intensity of the above lamp to its stable intensity state, and also restore it to an
automatically variable state.
4.27 For type M and N vehicles, the applicant shall prove to the testing agency
that when the vehicle electrical system is operating at a stable voltage
corresponding to the category of motor vehicle, the power supply of the main-
beam headlamp, passing-beam headlamp, stop lamp, front position lamp, and
rear position lamp devices meets the following requirements.
a) When the terminal voltage of the power supply device meets the
conditions described in the functional type test above (If a special power
supply device, light source electronic control device are contained or it is
at the secondary operation mode, there are special requirements for
voltage), the voltage shall not exceed the voltage range specified in the
type test description file.
b) For power supply conditions not covered in 4.27 a), the terminal stable
voltage of the device or function must not exceed more than 5% of 6.75 V
(6 V system), 13.5 V (12 V system), or 28.0 V (24 V system). It is allowed
that the device itself has a terminal maximum voltage control function.
c) For lamps with a light source control or variable intensity control, the
provisions of 4.27 a) and 4.27 b) above are not applicable.
d) In the type test materials, documents shall be provided to demonstrate
methods and results used by compliance.
4.28 The geometric visibility of lamps is generally required in the following
manner.
a) When viewed from a distance, within the range of geometric visibility, there
shall be no obstacles that hinder the propagation of the light rays emitted
from the apparent surface. If obstacles already exist in the previous type
test of lamps, these obstacles within the geometric visibility may be
ignored.
b) If measured near the lamp, move in parallel along the observation
direction to get the same accuracy.
c) If the apparent surface of the lamp is partially covered by vehicle
components when mounting the lamp, proof shall be provided to show
that the unshaded part of the lamp still meets the photometric value
required for type test.
d) For lamps with an installation height of less than 750 mm from the ground
[For measurement method, refer to 4.8 a)], the downward geometric
visibility can be reduced to 5°. Its corresponding photometric
measurement range can also be reduced to 5°.
e) For an interdependent lamp system, the geometric visibility shall be
measured when all the interdependent lamps are turned on.
4.29 The area of the light emitting surface of all rear position lamps, rear
direction-indicator lamps, and stop lamps of trucks, special operation vehicles,
and trailers with a total mass of not less than 4500 kg shall be not less than the
area of a circle of 80 mm diameter. If the light emitting surface is not circular, its
shape shall be able to accommodate a circle of 40 mm diameter.
4.30 The LED module is non-replaceable.
4.31 When the vehicle is stationary and one or more of the following conditions
are met, external lighting and light-signalling devices not defined in this
Standard may be turned on; but the effectiveness of external lighting and light-
signalling devices defined in this Standard must not be jeopardized.
5 Special regulations
5.1 Main-beam headlamp (lamp which meets the requirements of GB 4599
other than class A, GB 21259, GB 25991)
5.2 Passing-beam headlamp (lamp which meets the requirements of GB
4599 other than class A, GB 21259, GB 25991)
5.3 Front fog lamp (lamp which meets the requirements of GB 4660)
5.4 Reversing lamp (lamp which meets the requirements of GB 15235)
5.5 Direction-indicator lamp (lamp which meets the requirements of GB
17509)
5.5.1 Equipping
It shall be equipped, as shown in Figure 2 a).
The direction-indicator lamps can be divided into the following categories (1, 1a,
1b, 2a, 2b, 5, and 6). Layout A and Layout B can be formed by installation on
the vehicle.
5.6 Hazard warning signal
5.6.1 Equipping
It shall be equipped. Hazard warning signals shall be sent by the simultaneous
operation of the direction-indicator lamp in accordance with 5.5.
5.6.2 Number
According to 5.5.2.
5.6.3 Layout
According to 5.5.3.
5.6.4 Installation position
5.6.4.1 Horizontal. according to 5.5.4.1.
5.6.4.2 Height. according to 5.5.4.2.
5.6.4.3 Vertical. according to 5.5.4.3.
5.6.5 Geometric visibility
According to 5.5.5.
5.6.6 Direction
According to 5.5.6.
5.6.7 Circuit connection
5.6.7.1 Hazard warning signals shall flash simultaneously by turning on each
direction-indicator lamp by separately-configured manual switches.
5.6.7.2 After a vehicle collision or the emergency stop signal specified in 5.23
is turned off, the hazard warning signal is allowed to turn on automatically. In
this case, it shall be possible to turn off the signal manually.
In addition, hazard warning signals are allowed to turn on automatically to
indicate possible hazards to other road users. At this time, the signal shall
remain on until it is turned off manually or automatically.
5.6.7.3 For M1 and N1 vehicles with a length of less than 6 m, the layout
conforms to 5.5.5.2.If an amber side marker lamp is installed, the lamp shall
also flash in phase at the same frequency as the direction-indicator lamp.
5.7 Stop lamp (lamp which meets the requirements of GB 5920)
5.7.2 Number
5.7.2.1 For various types of vehicles, two S1 or S2 stop lamps and one S3 or
S4 stop lamp.
5.7.2.2 Except where S3 or S4 stop lamps are installed, M2, M3, N2, N3, O2, O3,
and O4 vehicles can be equipped with two optional S1 or S2 stop lamps.
5.7.2.3 When the longitudinal symmetry plane of the vehicle is not located on a
fixed body panel but on a movable component, one or two movable components
(such as doors) which separate the vehicle, and there is not enough space
installing a S3 or S4 stop lamp on the moving components on the longitudinal
symmetry plane, then two S3 or S4 stop lamps marked “D” can be installed. Or
at a position that deviates left and right from the longitudinal symmetry plane of
the vehicle, install a S3 or S4 stop lamp. Or, install an interdependent lamp
system of S3 or S4 stop lamps.
5.7.3 Layout
There are no special requirements.
5.7.4 Installation position
5.7.4.1 Horizontal
For M1 and N1 vehicles. For S1 or S2 stop lamps, the distance from the point
on the apparent surface in the direction of reference axis farthest from the
longitudinal symmetry plane of the vehicle to the extreme outer edge of the
vehicle shall not be greater than 400 mm. There are no special requirements
for the distance between the respective inner edges of the apparent surface in
the direction of the reference axis.
For all other vehicles.
- Category S1 or S2 stop lamps. The distance between the inner edges of
the apparent surface in the direction of reference axis shall not be less than
600 mm. If the overall width is less than 1300 mm, it can be reduced to 400
mm.
- Category S3 or S4 stop lamps. The centre of reference shall be located on
the longitudinal symmetry plane of the vehicle. However, in the case of
installing two S3 or S4 stop lamps according to 5.7.2, it is required that the
two lamps are as close to the longitudinal symmetry plane of the vehicle as
possible and are located on both sides of the longitudinal symmetry plane
of the vehicle respectively.
- In the case of installing one S3 or S4 stop lamp according to 5.7.2 and
deviating from the longitudinal symmetry plane of the vehicle, the centre of
reference of the lamp must not deviate more than 150 mm from the
longitudinal symmetry plane of the vehicle.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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