GB 17761-2024 PDF English
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Safety technical specification for electric bicycle
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GB 17761-2018 | English | 145 |
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Safety technical specification for electric bicycle
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GB 17761-1999 | English | 519 |
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Electric bicycles. General technical requirements
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GB 17761-2024: Safety technical specification for electric bicycle---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GB17761-2024
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.140
CCS Y 14
Replacing GB 17761-2018
Safety technical specification for electric bicycle
Issued on. DECEMBER 31, 2024
Implemented on. SEPTEMBER 01, 2025
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
National Standardization Administration.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 4
Introduction... 6
1 Scope... 7
2 Normative references... 7
3 Terms, definitions, abbreviations... 8
4 General requirements... 10
5 Bicycle marking... 11
6 Safety requirements and test methods... 14
7 Enterprise quality assurance capabilities and product consistency... 41
8 Implementation of the standard... 45
Appendix A (Normative) Mechanical strength test... 46
Appendix B (Informative) Beidou module performance... 48
Appendix C (Informative) Examples of electric bicycle management platform functions
... 54
Appendix D (Informative) Examples of anti-tampering inspection methods... 57
Appendix E (Normative) Main technical parameters of electric bicycles... 60
Appendix F (Informative) Enterprise quality control capabilities... 61
References... 64
1 Scope
This document specifies the technical requirements for electric bicycles, such as bicycle
marking, bicycle safety, mechanical safety, electrical safety, fire retardancy, plastic ratio,
Beidou positioning function, communication and dynamic safety monitoring, anti-
tampering, instruction manual, enterprise quality assurance capability, product
consistency; describes the corresponding test methods.
This document applies to electric bicycles.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute the essential terms of this document
through normative references in the text. Among them, for dated references, only the
version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for undated references, the
latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document.
GB/T 755-2019 Rotating electrical machines - Rating and performance
GB 811 Helmets for motorcycle and electric bicycle users
GB/T 3565.1-2022 Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 1.Terms and definitions
GB 3565.2-2022 Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 2.Requirements for city
and trekking, young adult, mountain and racing bicycles
GB/T 3565.4-2022 Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 4.Braking test methods
GB/T 4208-2017 Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code)
GB/T 5169.16 Fire hazard testing for electric and electronic products - Part 16.Test
flames - 50 W horizontal and vertical flame test methods
GB/T 5296.1 Instructions for use of products of consumer interest - Part 1.General
principles
3 Terms, definitions, abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 3565.1-2022, as well as the following terms
and definitions, apply to this document.
3.1.1 Electric bicycle
A two-wheeled bicycle that uses on-board batteries as energy, to achieve electric
drive or/and electric assist functions.
3.1.2 Fully assembled electric bicycle
An electric bicycle (3.1.1) equipped with all necessary components (including
batteries and all accessories specified in the instruction manual, but excluding
external chargers and helmets).
3.1.3 Electric drive
A driving method in which the driving power comes from the on-board battery and
the power is output only by the electric motor.
3.1.4 Electric aid
A driving method composed of human power and electric motor power in output
ratio.
3.1.5 Manufactured date
Production date
The date when the bicycle is manufactured.
3.1.6 BeiDou navigation satellite system; BDS
A global satellite navigation system developed, built, managed by China that
provides users with real-time three-dimensional position, speed, time information.
4 General requirements
4.1 Electric bicycles shall not be dangerous in normal use, reasonably foreseeable
misuse, malfunction. Dangers include but are not limited to the following situations.
a) The heat generated causes material deterioration, fire or burns;
b) Burning, explosion, electric shock, etc. during charging, driving, parking, etc.;
c) Personal injury caused by the breakage, loosening, deformation, motion
interference of the whole bicycle or parts.
4.2 The software and hardware of electric bicycles shall have anti-tampering design, to
prevent unauthorized modification or change of the maximum speed, motor power,
voltage, etc.
4.3 Unless otherwise specified, the testing equipment and instruments used in this
document shall comply with the provisions of relevant standards such as GB/T 12742.
The accuracy level of the instrument used to test electrical devices (except for withstand
voltage testers and insulation resistance testers) shall not be lower than level 1; the
ripple factor of the DC power supply shall not be greater than 5%.
During the test, the capacity of the on-board battery pack shall not be less than 90% of
its rated capacity.
a) Road test environment. Temperature is -5 °C ~ 35 °C; wind speed is not more than
3 m/s; the test shall not be carried out in rainy or snowy weather;
b) Test road surface. Flat asphalt or concrete road surface, the road surface shall be
hard, without soft dust or gravel; the minimum friction coefficient between the
dry road surface and the tire is 0.5;
c) Bicycle speed detection equipment. Accuracy ±2%, resolution 0.1 km/h;
d) The mass of the rider is 75 kg; the weight is increased to 75 kg if it is insufficient;
e) The test bicycle is a fully assembled electric bicycle;
f) The tire shall be fully inflated according to the maximum recommended pressure
marked on the outer tire; the pressure deviation is ±10 kPa.
5 Bicycle marking
5.1 Nameplate
The nameplate shall indicate the following information in Chinese. Product name,
model, manufacturer name or trademark, production date/manufacturing date, battery
type, etc.
5.2 Bicycle coding
The unique bicycle coding of each electric bicycle shall be permanently marked on the
conspicuous surface of the inseparable front tube or middle joint of the electric bicycle
frame.
5.3 Motor code
The motor code shall at least include information on the motor power and rated voltage;
it shall be permanently engraved on the motor housing and shall be easy to observe and read.
5.4 License plate installation position
The rear of the electric bicycle shall have a convenient location for installing the license
plate, which shall have 2 mounting holes and the center spacing shall be 80 mm.
5.5 Product certificate
The product certificate shall clearly indicate the product name, model, manufacturer or
trademark, manufacturer and address, production date/manufacturing date, bicycle code,
motor code, drive mode (electric drive and/or electric power), maximum design speed,
bicycle mass, motor power and rated voltage, battery type, length/width/height, front
and rear wheel center distance, nameplate fixing position, bicycle code position,
recommended service life, other information, whether it is used for business activities
such as urban logistics or commercial leasing, as well as bicycle photos, etc.
6 Safety requirements and test methods
6.1 Bicycle safety
6.1.1 Speed limit
6.1.2 Braking performance
The braking performance of electric bicycles shall meet the requirements of Table 1 and
stop smoothly and safely within the corresponding braking distance.
6.1.3 Bicycle mass
The mass of a fully assembled electric bicycle using lead-acid batteries shall be less
than or equal to 63 kg; the mass of other types of fully assembled electric bicycles shall
be less than or equal to 55 kg.
6.1.4 Pedal riding function
6.1.4.1 Pedal riding requirements
Electric bicycles that can use electric power assist function shall have pedal riding
devices and meet the following requirements.
6.1.4.2 Pedal riding test method
The test is conducted by the following method.
6.1.5 Size limits
6.1.6 Structure
6.1.6.1 Pedal clearance
The pedal clearance of electric bicycles with pedal riding function shall comply with
the requirements of 4.13.2 of GB 3565.2-2022 for urban and touring bicycles.
Test according to the method specified in 4.13.2 of GB 3565.2-2022.
6.1.6.2 Protrusions
Tubes and rigid parts that exist in the form of protrusions and can cause harm to users
shall be protected. The size and shape of the end protector of the protrusion are not
clearly specified, but a suitable shape shall be given to avoid physical injury. Bolts pose
a risk of puncture, so the length of the protrusion that exceeds the inner thread fitting
part shall not be greater than the outer diameter of the bolt.
Inspect by visual and measurement methods.
6.1.7 Speed prompt sound
6.1.8 Water splashing and wading
6.1.9 Data storage function
Electric bicycles used for commercial activities such as urban logistics and commercial
leasing shall store the position and driving speed information of the last 20 stops within
1 minute before each second. The driving speed is the speed converted from the electric
bicycle motor speed.
6.2 Mechanical safety
6.2.1 Frame/fork assembly
6.2.1.1 Vibration strength
Install the frame/fork assembly on a special vibration tester and perform the vibration
strength test of the frame/fork assembly, according to the test method for urban and
touring electric bicycles described in QB/T 1880.
After the test, there shall be no visible cracks, damage, obvious deformation or
looseness in any part of the frame/fork assembly.
6.2.1.2 Impact test (heavy object falling)
6.2.1.3 Impact strength (frame/front fork assembly falling)
6.2.2 Stem and saddle tube (when applicable)
6.2.3 Reflectors, lighting and horn devices
6.3 Electrical safety
6.3.1 Electrical device
6.3.2 Control system
6.3.2.1 Brake power-off function
When the electric bicycle is electrically driven and braked, its electrical control system
shall have the function of powering off the motor.
Fully charge the battery pack; connect a DC ammeter in series; install it on the test
bicycle. Drive the motor to run; then apply the brake; observe whether the current of
the DC ammeter is reduced to less than or equal to the current when there is no torque
output on the drive wheel (no-load current); confirm whether the drive motor is
powered off within 3 s.
6.3.2.2 Overcurrent protection function
The electrical control system of the electric bicycle shall have an overcurrent protection
function.
6.3.2.3 Anti-runaway function
For electric bicycles with electric drive function, their electrical control system shall
have anti-runaway protection function.
6.3.3 Motor
6.3.3.1 Rated continuous output power of the motor
The motor (which may be equipped with a reduction device that cannot be separated
from the motor in a non-destructive manner) is fixedly installed on the dynamometer
test bench, connected to a DC power supply and a standard test controller; the motor
load is gradually increased until the motor speed reaches the rated speed. Run in this
state, according to 4.2.1 of GB/T 755-2019, so that the motor reaches a thermally stable
state.
6.3.3.2 Low-speed running torque of the motor
Fix the motor, drive wheel, the entire reduction and transmission system between the
two (if any) on the test bench; connect the dynamometer to the drive wheel; connect the
DC power supply, the standard test controller, the motor; maintain the rated voltage of
the motor; gradually increase the load until the drive wheel drops to the speed
corresponding to the bicycle speed of 10 km/h. Electric bicycles with only electric
power-assist function are not applicable.
6.4 Fire retardancy
6.4.1 Fire retardancy requirements
The fire retardancy properties of non-metallic materials used in electric bicycles meet
the following requirements.
6.4.2 Fire retardancy test method
The fire retardancy performance of non-metallic materials shall be tested according to
the following method.
6.5 Plastic proportion
6.5.1 Plastic proportion requirements
The total mass of plastics used in electric bicycles shall not exceed 5.5% of the total
bicycle mass.
6.5.2 Test method for plastic proportion
Measure the total plastic mass in the fully assembled electric bicycle and calculate the
proportion in the total bicycle mass.
For composite parts made of plastic and other materials, physical or chemical methods
can be used to separate, distinguish or identify them; only the plastic part is calculated.
6.6 Beidou positioning function
6.6.1 Installation of Beidou module
Electric bicycles used for business activities such as urban logistics and commercial
leasing shall have Beidou modules, which shall be installed in fixed parts of the electric
bicycle that are not easily damaged, have anti-disassembly and anti-tampering functions.
Use general tools, wire cutting, jumper wires, etc. to verify the anti-disassembly and
anti-tampering functions.
6.6.2 Signal reception and processing
The Beidou module shall support Beidou independent positioning and at least be able
to receive and process Beidou B1C and B2a signals.
6.7 Communication and dynamic safety monitoring
6.7.1 Communication function
Electric bicycles shall have 4G or 5G public network communication modules, or other
communication modules with similar functions. The communication module shall be
installed in a fixed part of the electric bicycle that is not easily damaged; it shall have
anti-disassembly and anti-tampering functions.
Note. According to relevant regulations on radio management in China, it may be necessary to
approve the radio transmission equipment model of the radio transmission module or the whole
bicycle.
6.7.2 Dynamic safety monitoring function
Electric bicycles shall have the function of sending the following dynamic safety
monitoring information to the information management platform built by enterprises, etc..
6.7.3 Frequency of information transmission
When the electric bicycle is in the starting state (the bicycle power switch is closed) or
charging state, the time interval between the transmission of information a), b), e) in
6.7.2 shall not exceed 30 s; in other states, the time interval between the transmission
of information a), b), e) in 6.7.2 shall not exceed 60 min;
6.8 Anti-tampering
6.8.1 Anti-tampering of battery pack
7 Enterprise quality assurance capabilities and product
consistency
7.1 General requirements
The manufacturer shall have the production capacity, testing capacity and quality
control capacity of the whole bicycle and frame (including front fork, rear flat fork,
handlebar, etc., the same below) that matches the production capacity of electric
bicycles. The production of the frame generally includes metal material cutting,
bending, welding, electrophoresis and other process flows.
7.2 Enterprise production capacity
7.2.1 Basic requirements
The manufacturer shall directly or indirectly have the frame production capacity that
meets the quality requirements and matches the production capacity of electric bicycles.
The indirect way includes one or more of the following.
7.2.2 Welding
Manufacturers shall have gas shielded welding equipment that matches the bicycle
production capacity, of which welding robots shall account for more than 70% of all
welding equipment, the reset accuracy of welding robots shall be less than 0.1 mm.
Check the welding-related project/process design, construction, acceptance documents,
equipment specifications and other materials; conduct on-site inspections and
verifications to measure the matching of equipment processing capacity with the
company's bicycle production capacity.
7.2.3 Electrophoresis process
The manufacturer shall have electrophoresis process equipment for main parts such as
frames, front forks, rear flat forks, handlebars, etc. that match the production capacity
of the whole bicycle. The bearing capacity of the suspension chain track of the
electrophoresis process shall not be less than 60 kg, the power of the cathode
electrophoresis power supply shall not be less than 200 kW, the volume of the
electrophoresis tank shall not be less than 40 m3, the length of the electrophoresis line
shall not be less than 300 m.
7.2.4 Workpiece transmission
The manufacturer shall have an automated conveyor belt or hanging conveying system
for workpieces that matches the production capacity of the whole bicycle.
Check the relevant project/process design, construction, acceptance documents,
equipment specifications and other materials of the hanging conveying system; conduct
on-site inspection and verification, to calculate the matching of the transmission
capacity with the enterprise's bicycle production capacity.
7.3 Enterprise testing capability
The manufacturer shall have the testing capability to meet the routine inspection and
confirmation inspection items in Table 2.
7.4 Enterprise quality control capability
The manufacturer shall establish quality assurance capabilities, from key parts
procurement, production process control to factory inspection, to ensure that mass-
produced products continue to meet the requirements of the standards. It should meet
the requirements of Appendix F for enterprise quality control capabilities.
7.5 Inspection rules
7.5.1 Type test
Type test shall be carried out in any of the following situations.
7.5.2 Production consistency inspection
Production consistency inspection includes routine inspection and confirmation
inspection.
8 Implementation of the standard
For products exit-factory or imported before the implementation date of this document,
implementation shall begin 3 months after the implementation date of this document.
...... Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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