DL/T 2296-2021 (DL/T2296-2021, DLT 2296-2021, DLT2296-2021)
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Determination of total mercury in coal and coal ash - Direct combustion method
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DL/T 2296-2021
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Standards related to: DL/T 2296-2021
| Standard ID | DL/T 2296-2021 (DL/T2296-2021) | | Description (Translated English) | Determination of total mercury in coal and coal ash - Direct combustion method | | Sector / Industry | Electricity & Power Industry Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | D21 | | Classification of International Standard | 27.100 | | Word Count Estimation | 9,922 | | Date of Issue | 2021-04-26 | | Date of Implementation | 2021-10-26 | | Drafting Organization | Huadian Electric Power Research Institute Co., Ltd.; Xi'an Thermal Engineering Research Institute Co., Ltd.; Jilin Electric Power Research Institute Co., Ltd.; Inner Mongolia Electric Power Research Institute; Changsha Kaiyuan Hongsheng Technology Co., Ltd. | | Administrative Organization | Technical Committee for Chemical Standardization of Power Plants in Power Industry (DL/TC 13) | | Issuing agency(ies) | National Energy Board | DL/T 2296-2021
ELECTRIC POWER INDUSTRY STANDARD
OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 27.100
CCS D 21
Determination of total mercury in coal and coal ash - Direct
combustion method
ISSUED ON: APRIL 26, 2021
IMPLEMENTED ON: OCTOBER 26, 2021
Issued by: National Energy Administration
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative references ... 4
3 Terms and definitions... 4
4 Principles of the method ... 5
5 Reagents and materials ... 5
6 Instruments and equipment ... 5
7 Specimens ... 7
8 Test steps ... 7
9 Result calculation ... 10
10 Method precision ... 11
11 Requirements for test records and report ... 11
References ... 12
Determination of total mercury in coal and coal ash - Direct
combustion method
1 Scope
This document specifies the direct combustion method for the determination of total
mercury, in coal and coal ash.
This document applies to lignite, bituminous, anthracite, coal ash.
2 Normative references
The following documents are essential to the application of this document. For the dated
documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable to this document;
for the undated documents, only the latest version (including all the amendments) is
applicable to this standard.
GB/T 474 Method for preparation of coal sample
GB/T 475 Method for manual sampling of commercial coal
GB/T 483 General rules for analytical and testing methods of coal
GB/T 14599 Pure oxygen and high purity oxygen and ultra pure oxygen
GB/T 19494.1 Mechanical sampling of coal - Part 1: Method for sampling
GB/T 19494.2 Mechanical sampling of coal - Part 2: Method for sample preparation
DL/T 567.1 Test methods of fuel in thermal power plants - Part 1: General rule
DL/T 567.3 Test methods of fuel in thermal power plants - Part 3: Sampling and
preparation for fly ash and bottom ash
JB/T 5228 Specification for mercury determinator
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1
Amalgamation
The process of forming an alloy between mercury and metal powder, in a solid state.
3.2
Amalgamator
A device for amalgamation, between mercury vapor and gold powder.
4 Principles of the method
The specimen is dried, burnt, decomposed in an oxygen stream. The sulfur oxides,
nitrogen oxides, halides in the combustion products are removed; the mercury of
various valence states are catalytically reduced to elemental mercury. Elemental
mercury is amalgamated in the amalgamator. After purged by oxygen, to remove the
remaining residues, rapidly heat the amalgamator, to release gaseous mercury. Measure
its absorbance, at the characteristic wavelength of 253.7 nm, to obtain the total mercury
content in the specimen.
5 Reagents and materials
5.1 Oxygen: Pure oxygen in accordance with GB/T 14599.
5.2 Coal standard material (hereinafter referred to as "standard sample"): A certified
coal standard material, which has the standard value of mercury content.
5.3 The specimen boat: It is made of nickel, quartz or ceramics, etc., of suitable shape
and size; it does not react with the mercury during specimen pyrolysis.
6 Instruments and equipment
6.1 The mercury measuring instrument is mainly composed of sample injection unit,
drying and combustion unit, catalytic unit, amalgamation unit, dehumidification unit,
detection unit, signal acquisition and processing unit, tail gas disposal unit, as shown in
Figure 1. The functional requirements of each part are as follows:
h) Tail gas disposal unit: It contains adsorbent, which can adsorb the mercury in the
tail gas.
6.2 The technical conditions of the measuring instrument shall meet the requirements
of JB/T 5228.
6.3 Analytical balance, which has a division value of 0.1 mg.
7 Specimens
7.1 Collection and preparation of coal samples
Collect samples according to GB/T 475 or GB/T 19494.1. Prepare coal samples for
general analysis test, according to the requirements of B/T 474 or GB/T 19494.2.
7.2 Collection and preparation of fly ash and slag samples
Collect and prepare fly ash and slag samples, according to the requirements specified
in DL/T 567.3. Grind the specimen to a particle size of less than 0.1 mm.
8 Test steps
8.1 Calibration
8.1.1 Basic requirements
8.1.1.1 Measure the moisture content on the air-dried basis of the standard sample.
Calculate the standard value of the mercury content, on the air-dried basis.
8.1.1.2 According to step 8.2, use the calibrated measuring instrument, to measure the
mercury content in the standard sample. Four each calibration point, carry out 4
repeated measurements. If the range of the four measurement results does not exceed
1.3r (r represents the method repeatability limit), THEN, the average value is taken as
the measured value of the standard sample, at the calibration point. Otherwise, it shall
find out the reason, handle it, before re-calibration. For multi-point calibration, it is
necessary to convert the standard sample mass, at each calibration point, to a unified
mass, to calculate the average value of the measured values.
8.1.2 Single point calibration
8.1.2.1 Estimate the range of mercury content in the specimen. Select a standard sample,
which is suitable for the standard value of mercury content.
8.1.2.2 Weigh the mass range of the specimen, according to the specification of the
mercury measuring instrument. Calculate the mass of the standard sample to be
weighed, according to the formula (1), based on the mercury content in the specimen.
shall be less than the mass of mercury in the specimen. The maximum mass of the
standard sample, which is actually weighed, shall be greater than its calculated value;
the mass of mercury in the standard sample shall be greater than the mass of mercury
in the specimen.
8.1.3.3 There shall be no less than 6 calibration points; the number of repeated
measurements, at each calibration point, shall be not less than 4. The weighed sample
mass of each calibration point shall be in or close to the equidistant sequence.
8.1.3.4 Take the calculated mass of mercury, in the standard sample, as the abscissa;
take the mass of mercury, in the standard sample, which is measured by the measuring
instrument, as the ordinate, to establish a linear regression equation, as shown in
formula (3):
Where:
f - The correction factor (slope);
y - The mass of mercury in the standard sample, which is measured by the mercury
measuring instrument, in micrograms (μg);
x - The calculated mass of mercury in the standard sample, in micrograms (μg);
α - Intercept, in micrograms (μg).
8.1.3.5 The linear correlation factor of the calibration curve of the mercury measuring
instrument shall not be less than 0.995; otherwise, it shall find the cause and handle it,
before re-calibration.
8.1.4 Determination of calibration validity
8.1.4.1 Take 1 ~ 3 standard samples (quality control samples), that are not used for the
calibration of the mercury measuring instrument, with appropriate content. Use the
calibrated mercury measuring instrument, to measure the mercury content. If the
difference between the measured value and its standard value (control value) is within
the uncertainty range of its standard value (control value), the calibration is valid.
Otherwise, it shall find the cause and handle it, before re-calibration.
8.1.4.2 If the reagents or materials are replaced, it shall re-calibrate the mercury
measuring instrument.
8.2 Measurement
8.2.1 Start the instrument. Set the drying temperature to be 200 °C ~ 300 °C; set the
combustion temperature to be 750 °C ~ 850 °C; set the catalytic temperature to be
450 °C ~ 600 °C; set the oxygen flow rate to be 0.4 L/h; set the catalytic time to be 300
s.
8.2.2 Carry out 2 blank tests. The measurement results shall not exceed the detection
limit of the mercury measuring instrument.
8.2.3 Check the tail gas disposal unit, to confirm that the adsorbent has not failed.
8.2.4 Use a specimen boat, that is calcined and cooled to constant weight, to weigh 0.09
g ~ 0.11 g of specimen, accurate to 0.0002 g. When the mercury content of specimen is
significantly higher or lower, the weighed sample mass can be appropriately reduced or
increased; however, the sample weight should be within the range of 0.05 g ~ 0.15 g.
8.2.5 Put the specimen boat on the sample feeding unit of the mercury measuring
instrument. Input the specimen mass. Start the sample feeding procedure, to
automatically feed the specimen into the drying and combustion unit. Under the control
of the prescribed program, the mercury measuring instrument starts to measure
automatically. When the measurement process is over, record the measured value of the
mercury measuring instrument.
8.2.6 After the specimen measurement is completed, take out the specimen boat. Turn
off the power of the instrument. Stop the gas supply.
8.2.7 Before and at the end of the specimen test, measure the standard sample (quality
control sample), which has a mercury content close to the specimen. The difference,
between the measured value and its standard value (control value), is within the
uncertainty range of its standard value (control value). Otherwise, it shall find the cause
and handle it, before re-measurement.
9 Result calculation
9.1 Use formula (2) or formula (3), to calculate the mass of mercury in the specimen.
Use the formula (4), to calculate the total mercury content of the specimen.
Where:
ω (Hg) - The total mercury content of the specimen, in micrograms per gram (μg/g);
m1 - The mass of mercury in the specimen, in micrograms (μg);
m - The mass of the specimen weighed, in grams (g).
9.2 The measured value and the reported value are rounded to three decimal places, in
microgram per gram (μg/g). The benchmark conversion is calculated, according to
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