Home Cart Quotation About-Us
www.ChineseStandard.net
SEARCH

WS/T 565-2017 English PDF

US$399.00 · In stock
Delivery: <= 4 days. True-PDF full-copy in English will be manually translated and delivered via email.
WS/T 565-2017: Diagnosis of ascariasis
Status: Valid
Standard IDUSDBUY PDFLead-DaysStandard Title (Description)Status
WS/T 565-2017399 Add to Cart 4 days Diagnosis of ascariasis Valid

Similar standards

GBZ 57   GB/T 31989   WS/T 566   WS/T 568   WS/T 564   

Basic data

Standard ID: WS/T 565-2017 (WS/T565-2017)
Description (Translated English): Diagnosis of ascariasis
Sector / Industry: Health Industry Standard (Recommended)
Classification of Chinese Standard: C61
Word Count Estimation: 16,173
Date of Issue: 2017-08-01
Date of Implementation: 2018-02-01
Regulation (derived from): State-Health-Communication (2017) 11
Issuing agency(ies): National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China

WS/T 565-2017: Diagnosis of ascariasis

---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
Diagnosis of ascariasis ICS 11.020 C 61 WS People's Republic of China Health Industry Standard WS /565-2017 Ascariasis diagnosis 2017-08-01 released 2018-02-01 implementation Issued by the National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China

Foreword

This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009. Drafting organizations of this standard. Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Parasitic Disease Control, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The main drafters of this standard. Chen Yingdan, Zhou Changhai, Xu Longqi, Tian Hongchun, Yao Linong, Yang Yichao, Cai Li, Zhou Xiaonong, Zheng Bin, Zang Wei, Zhu Huihui. Ascariasis diagnosis

1 Scope

This standard specifies the diagnostic basis, principles, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of ascariasis. This standard applies to the diagnosis of ascariasis by disease prevention and control institutions and medical institutions at all levels across the country.

2 Terms and definitions

The following terms and definitions apply to this document 2.1 Ascarid Ascaris lumbricoides), also known as human roundworms, or roundworms for short, belongs to the Ascariaceae (see Appendix A). 2.2 Roundworm infection The roundworm larvae migrate in the human body and/or the adult parasites in the human small intestine. 2.3 Ascariasis A disease caused by roundworm larvae migrating in the human body and/or adults parasitizing the human small intestine.

3 Diagnosis basis

3.1 Epidemiological history The patient has a history of not washing hands before and after meals, eating unwashed fruits, vegetables, or drinking raw water (see Appendix B). 3.2 Clinical manifestations 3.2.1 Larval stage 3.2.1.1 The main manifestations caused by the migration of larvae are respiratory symptoms, such as cough, chest tightness, itchy throat, dry cough, asthma or urticaria. Occasionally, it may be accompanied by fever, blood in sputum or allergic dermatitis (see Appendix C, C.1.1). 3.2.1.2 The larvae can invade the thyroid, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, brain, and spinal cord to form ectopic parasites (see Appendix C, C.1.2). 3.2.2 Adult stage 3.2.2.1 Adult parasitic intestines may have nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and abdominal distension, often accompanied by loss of appetite, intermittent periumbilical pain or upper abdominal cramping pain. Children may have neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as convulsions, night terrors, teeth grinding, sometimes heterophilia, and growth and development in severely infected people Obstacles (see C.2.1 of Appendix C). 3.2.2.2 Biliary ascariasis has sudden pain under the xiphoid process and radiates to the right shoulder, back or lower abdomen, often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and pain. It can happen again after a period of remission, with limited tenderness under the xiphoid process, and no abdominal muscle tension (see Appendix C, C.2.2). 3.2.2.3 Ascaris intestinal obstruction is manifested as sudden local pain in the umbilical or right lower abdomen, lasting for several minutes, with short intermittent time, and can recur. More palpable soft, painless movable masses (see C.2.3 of Appendix C). 3.2.2.4 Ascaris appendicitis, early pain and other signs are mild, but the course of the disease progresses quickly, and perforation occurs earlier and secondary peritonitis (see Appendix C.2.4). 3.2.2.5 Ascaris intestinal perforation is manifested as subacute peritonitis, fever is not obvious, abdominal distension is gradually obvious, and the abdomen feels flexible on palpation (see C.2.5 of Appendix C). 3.3 Laboratory inspection 3.3.1 Pathogenic examination 3.3.1.1 Ascaris eggs or larvae or adults are detected in stool inspection (see Appendix D). 3.3.1.2 Ascaris worms are found in sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid or vomit. 3.3.2 Imaging examination 3.3.2.1 X-ray examination. chest radiographs show enlarged hilar and a bit, flocculent or patchy shadow in the lung field; flat radiographs of the abdomen except for small intestine gas or liquid Outside the plane, you can see clusters of parasite shadows or parallel linear shadows in the intestinal cavity. 3.3.2.2 Ultrasound examination. It is manifested as two parallel light bands in the gallbladder or common bile duct.

4 Principles of diagnosis

Diagnosis is based on epidemiological history, clinical manifestations and laboratory test results.

5 Diagnosis

5.1 Roundworm infection Comply with 3.1 and 3.3.1.1 at the same time. 5.2 Ascariasis 5.2.1 Suspected cases Comply with either 3.1 or 3.2. 5.2.2 Clinical diagnosis cases Meet any of the suspected cases and 3.3.2. 5.2.3 Confirmed cases Complies with any of the suspected cases and 3.3.1 or complies with any of the clinically diagnosed cases and 3.3.1. 6 Differential diagnosis (see Appendix E) 6.1 The respiratory system damage caused by ascariasis should be distinguished from the respiratory system damage caused by hookworm disease, bronchial asthma and pneumonia. 6.2 Digestive system damage caused by ascariasis should be distinguished from digestive system damage, peptic ulcer and ulcerative colitis caused by hookworm disease. 6.3 Common complications of ascariasis should be related to acute abdomen such as gastroduodenal ulcer perforation, gallstones, acute cholecystitis, intussusception, acute appendicitis, etc. Differentiation of symptoms. AA

Appendix A

(Informative appendix) Etiology A.1 Type of pathogen Ascaris lumbricoides, referred to as human roundworms or roundworms, is one of the most common parasites in the human body. Adult worms live in the small intestine and can cause ascariasis. A.2 Form A.2.1 Eggs Ascaris eggs discharged from the human body, there are fertilized eggs and unfertilized eggs. Wide oval, approximately in size. There is a large round egg cell in the shell of the fertilized egg in fresh stool, Crescent-shaped gaps are common between egg shells. Outside the egg shell is a protein film formed by the secretions of the uterus of the worm. The surface is uneven, which is in the human intestine. The inside is stained brown by bile. Unfertilized roundworm eggs are mostly oblong, approximately in size, with shell and protein The membranes are thinner than the fertilized roundworm eggs, there is no ascaroside layer, and the egg shell is filled with yolk particles of different sizes with strong refractive index. The outermost egg of a roundworm egg The white matter membrane falls off, and the egg shell is colorless and transparent, but the egg shell is thick, which can still be distinguished from other nematode eggs. A.2.2 Larva Generally the length is 550μm~650μm, the flanks are significantly single, the intestine is obvious, composed of 2 to 3 cells, and the section of the excretory column is greater than or equal to the intestine Section of the tube. A.2.3 Adult Roundworms are the largest intestinal nematodes that parasite humans. Adult females are 20cm~35cm long, some are 49cm long and have a diameter of 3mm~6mm; Adult males are 15cm~31cm long and 2mm~4mm in diameter. It looks like an earthworm, and the living body is pink. Worm It is long and cylindrical, with slightly thinner ends at the head and tail, with fine lines and obvious lateral lines visible on the body surface. The orifice is located at the top of the worm body, surrounded by three lip petals, arranged Then pass into the cloaca. The female worm’s tail is blunt, and the reproductive system is double-tubular, coiled around the back 2/3 of the worm body, and the vulva is located between the middle of the ventral surface of the body before. The tail of the male is curved toward the ventral surface, and there are multiple pairs of papillae in front of and behind the anus. The reproductive organs are single-tube type with a pair of sickle-shaped retractable matings. thorn. A.3 Life history Roundworms are soil-derived nematodes), have a simple life history, do not need an intermediate host, and humans are the only host. Adult worms parasitize the human small intestine and feed on semi-digested food in the intestinal cavity. The eggs produced by female worms are excreted to the outside world with feces. Fertilized worms in feces When the egg is in a humid, shaded, oxygen-sufficient, suitable temperature (21℃~30℃) external environment, after about 2 weeks, the egg cell can grow in the egg. Breed as rod-like larvae. After another week, the larvae in the eggs shed their skins for the first time and become second-stage larvae, and the eggs are infectious. Infected eggs After being swallowed by the host, it enters the small intestine. The environment of the small intestine has the conditions to promote the hatching of the larvae in the egg. Under the combined influence of these conditions, The worm secretes hatching fluid (containing esterase, chitinase and protease) after digesting the egg shell, breaking the shell and escaping. The escaped larva invades the intestinal mucosa and submucosa Layer, enters the vein or lymphatic vessel, reaches the lungs through the liver and right heart, penetrates the capillaries of the alveolar wall, and enters the alveolar cavity; proceed to the second And the third molting. Then, the larva travels retrogradely along the bronchi and trachea to the pharynx, and enters the digestive tract with the human swallowing action, and reaches through the stomach Small intestine. complete the fourth molting in the small intestine, and then develop into adults after several weeks. It takes about 60 from the time the eggs infect the human body to when the female starts to lay eggs Days~75 days. Adult roundworms can survive in the human body for about 1 year.

Appendix B

(Informative appendix) Epidemiology B.1 Epidemic overview B.1.1 Global Ascariasis is a worldwide distribution, prevalent in temperate, subtropical and tropical regions, but in suitable climate, low standard of living, environmental sanitation It is especially common in areas where personal hygiene is poor and human dung is used as fertilizer. Ascariasis is prevalent in 153 countries or regions around the world, with severe epidemics The regional infection rate can be as high as 95%. B.1.2 China Ascariasis is widespread. The results of the first national survey on the distribution of human parasites from 1988 to.1992 showed that the average infection rate of roundworms in the population was 44.59%, up to 71.12%. It is estimated that the number of roundworm infections nationwide is about 530 million. Major human parasitic diseases from.2001 to.2004 The current survey showed that the average infection rate of roundworms was 12.72%, which was 71.47% lower than that of the first national survey. Children and adolescents between the ages of 5 and 14 have higher infection rates. B.2 Popular links B.2.1 Source of infection Ascariasis infected persons and patients who can discharge fertilized roundworm eggs are the source of infection of ascariasis. B.2.2 Ways of transmission In endemic areas, using fresh human dung as fertilizer and feces everywhere are the main ways roundworm eggs contaminate the soil and ground. Develop to the outside world The infected larvae can infect humans in many ways. People swallowed by mouth due to contact with soil, farmland and courtyard ground contaminated by roundworm eggs During the infection period, roundworm eggs, or by accidentally eating food contaminated by the eggs, are infected. Vegetables with soil fertilized by human feces often carry roundworm eggs, worm eggs Attached to vegetables are brought into the room, and can contaminate indoor floors, furniture, eating utensils, and people's clothes and fingers. Pigs, dogs, chickens, rats and other animals Insects such as flies and cockroaches can mechanically disseminate roundworm eggs. B.2.3 Susceptible population The population is generally susceptible to roundworms, and the characteristics of the population infection are that the rural areas are higher than the cities, and the children are higher than the adults. B.3 Popular factors The life history of roundworms is simple, does not require an intermediate host, and is a direct development type; females lay large amounts of eggs and have strong resistance to the external environment; Fertilization of manure that has not been harmlessly treated and lack of complete sanitation facilities lead to defecation everywhere, which makes roundworm eggs extensively pollute the soil and the surrounding environment; Do not wash your hands before and after meals and other bad hygiene habits. The above factors have made ascariasis the most widespread intestinal parasitic disease with the highest infection rate.

Appendix C

(Informative appendix) Clinical manifestations C.1 Disease caused by larvae C.1.1 Pneumonia caused by roundworm larvae Ascaris larvae migrate in the lungs, and patients may experience chills, fever, cough, blood in sputum, eosinophilia, and urticaria, etc. Allergic pneumonia symptoms. If a large number of infectious eggs are swallowed in a short period of time, it can cause roundworm asthma. The main symptoms are asthma, dry cough and throat abnormalities. Sense. C.1.2 Ectopic parasitism In severe infection, the larvae can enter the large circulation through the pulmonary capillaries and the left heart, and invade some tissues and organs, such as the thyroid, lymph nodes, Thymus, spleen, brain and spinal cord, etc., cause lesions in corresponding parts. C.2 Diseases caused by adults C.2.1 Intestinal ascariasis Intermittent periumbilical pain or upper abdominal cramps are the characteristics of intestinal ascariasis. Other symptoms and signs include abdominal distension, abdominal tenderness, indigestion, Diarrhea or constipation, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, etc. Children often have neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as convulsions, night terrors, teeth grinding, and occasionally Heterophilia and so on. C.2.2 Biliary Ascariasis It is caused by intestinal roundworms entering the bile duct. The clinical manifestations are paroxysmal epigastric pain, restlessness, and pale complexion. Pain to the right Radiation from shoulders, back or lower abdomen. The intermittent period is like a normal person, often accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Physical examination of abdominal signs is not obvious, and the severe course of abdominal pain The degree is not commensurate, there is only limited mild tenderness under the xiphoid process or to the right, and no abdominal muscle tension. The nymph body completely enters the bile duct or even the gallbladder, pain On the contrary, it reduces, but the inflammation phenomenon further develops, which is manifested as obvious fixed tenderness, muscle tension, rebound pain, and fever and chills Or jaundice. C.2.3 Roundworm intestinal obstruction The clinical features are paroxysmal colic in the abdomen, especially around the umbilicus or right lower abdomen, vomiting and often vomiting of roundworms, stopping gas and defecation. Obstructive After completion, the pain may gradually intensify, lasting for several minutes, and may reappear in short intervals. In most cases, a soft, painless, Movable masses or sausage-shaped cords, obstruction is more common in the ileum. There may be low-grade fever and leukocytosis in the early stage, and severe dehydration or Acidosis and even shock. The incidence of children is higher. C.2.4 Ascaris appendicitis Ascaris burrows into the appendix can cause appendicitis, and clinical history of ascaris or stool; sudden occurrence of paroxysmal abdominal cramps and pain during attacks Unbearable and frequent vomiting, but it is safe and normal when relieved; the painful part is in the whole abdomen or around the umbilical cord at first, and then transfers to the right lower abdomen; Symptoms are severe and signs are mild, with tenderness only near Mai's point or an active cord with tenderness palpable in the right lower abdomen; the course of the disease progresses rapidly, More than 8 hours later, local muscle tension of varying degrees, obvious tenderness and rebound pain, and skin hyperalgesia occurred, and the perforation occurred earlier, secondary Peritonitis, severe cases quickly fall into septic shock and exhaustion. C.2.5 Roundworm intestinal perforation Roundworms can perforate diseased or normal intestinal walls, such as duodenal ulcer, intestinal obstruction, enteric typhoid fever, appendicitis, etc. Lesions or sutures after appendectomy or gastrectomy, or entering the abdominal cavity through Mekel’s diverticulum, its clinical manifestations are subacute peritonitis, or The formation of diffuse or localized peritonitis. There is exudate from the abdominal puncture, and roundworm eggs may be detected. Clinical manifestations of fever are not obvious, accompanied by nausea And vomiting, abdominal distension is gradually obvious, and the abdomen feels flexible on palpation. BD

Appendix D

(Normative appendix) Stool examination D.1 Direct smear method Operation steps of direct smear method. a) Put 1 drop of normal saline on a clean glass slide, pick up a mung bean-sized fecal sample with a bamboo stick, smear it evenly in normal saline, and The thickness of the film should be such that the handwriting on the book can be faintly recognized through the specimen; b) First observe with a low-power microscope, and after finding suspicious eggs, add a cover glass to observe the structure with a high-power microscope. D.2 Modified Kato thick smear method Modified Kato thick smear method operation steps. a) Preparation of clear liquid. Measure 100ml each of distilled water and pure glycerin, and after mixing, add 1ml of 3% malachite green or methylene blue and store Bottle spare b) Take the hydrophilic cellophane and soak it in the transparent liquid for more than 24 hours before use; c) Place the nylon silk sheet on the feces specimen, scrape the feces from the nylon silk with a scraper, and filter the fine feces through the nylon silk sheet to the surface of the silk sheet; d) Put the quantitative plate (the upper bottom radius of the round table hole is 3mm, the lower bottom radius is 4mm, the height is 1mm, and the volume is 38.75mm. 3) The stool weight is 41.75mg) The small hole is placed in the middle of the glass slide, and the fine feces on the surface of the nylon silk sheet is filled into the truncated cone-shaped hole with a scraper. In, fill the entire hole and smooth; e) Remove the quantitative plate vertically upward, take a piece of soaked hydrophilic transparent cellophane, shake off the excess soaking liquid, cover it on the stool sample, and use A glass slide is pressed vertically and evenly on the hydrophilic transparent cellophane, so that the stool is evenly spread to the side of the hydrophilic transparent cellophane edge; f) Let it stand for 0.5h~1h to make it transparent and then microscopically inspect it, and record the total number of eggs observed. In the epidemiological investigation, all of each piece Multiply the number of eggs by 24 to get the number of eggs per gram of feces (EPG). D.3 Saturated brine floating method Operation steps of saturated brine floating method. a) Saturated sa......
Image     

Tips & Frequently Asked Questions:

Question 1: How long will the true-PDF of WS/T 565-2017_English be delivered?

Answer: Upon your order, we will start to translate WS/T 565-2017_English as soon as possible, and keep you informed of the progress. The lead time is typically 2 ~ 4 working days. The lengthier the document the longer the lead time.

Question 2: Can I share the purchased PDF of WS/T 565-2017_English with my colleagues?

Answer: Yes. The purchased PDF of WS/T 565-2017_English will be deemed to be sold to your employer/organization who actually pays for it, including your colleagues and your employer's intranet.

Question 3: Does the price include tax/VAT?

Answer: Yes. Our tax invoice, downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, includes all tax/VAT and complies with 100+ countries' tax regulations (tax exempted in 100+ countries) -- See Avoidance of Double Taxation Agreements (DTAs): List of DTAs signed between Singapore and 100+ countries

Question 4: Do you accept my currency other than USD?

Answer: Yes. If you need your currency to be printed on the invoice, please write an email to Sales@ChineseStandard.net. In 2 working-hours, we will create a special link for you to pay in any currencies. Otherwise, follow the normal steps: Add to Cart -- Checkout -- Select your currency to pay.