NB/T 47013.14-2023 PDF EnglishUS$485.00 · In stock · Download in 9 seconds
NB/T 47013.14-2023: Nondestructive testing of pressure equipment - Part 14: X-ray computed radiographic testing Delivery: 9 seconds. True-PDF full-copy in English & invoice will be downloaded + auto-delivered via email. See step-by-step procedure Status: Valid NB/T 47013.14: Historical versions
Similar standardsNB/T 47013.14-2023: Nondestructive testing of pressure equipment - Part 14: X-ray computed radiographic testing---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/NBT47013.14-2023 NB ENERGY INDUSTRY STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ICS 77.040.20 CCS H 26 Replacing NB/T 47013.14-2016 Nondestructive Testing of Pressure Equipment – Part 14. Computed Radiographic Testing Issued on. OCTOBER 11, 2023 Implemented on. APRIL 11, 2024 Issued by. National Energy Administration Announcement of the National Energy Administration No.5 of 2023 Table of ContentsForeword... 4 Introduction... 7 1 Scope... 8 2 Normative References... 8 3 Terms and Definitions... 9 4 General Requirements... 12 5 Testing Process and Its Selection... 18 6 Image Quality Requirements... 30 7 Defect Identification and Measurement... 36 8 Image Storage and Preservation... 36 9 Evaluation of Inspection Results and Quality Grading... 37 10 Testing Records and Reports... 37 Appendix A (Informative) Test Method of Min. Grey Value... 39 Appendix B (Normative) Determination of Resolution (Ratio)... 41 Appendix C (Normative) Determination of Normalized Signal-to-Noise Ratio... 44 Bibliography... 451 Scope1.1 This Document specifies the radiographic computer-aided imaging inspection technology and quality grading requirements for fusion welding joints of metal material pressure components of pressure-bearing equipment. Metal materials used to make welding joints include steel, copper and copper alloys, aluminum and aluminum alloys, titanium and titanium alloys, nickel and nickel alloys. 1.2 This Document is applicable to the radiographic computer-aided imaging inspection of butt welds of plates and tubes (hereinafter referred to as "butt welds") during the manufacture, installation and in-service inspection of pressure components of pressure-bearing equipment. 1.3 The imaging device applicable to this Document is the imaging plate. 1.4 The radioactive source applicable to this Document is the X-ray source and the Ir192 and Se75γ radioactive source, where the maximum tube voltage of the X-ray machine does not exceed 600kV. 1.5 The radiographic computer-aided imaging inspection of welding joints of pressure-bearing equipment supports and structural parts and plug-in and placement tubes can be used as a reference.2 Normative ReferencesThe provisions in following documents become the essential provisions of this Document through reference in this Document. For the dated documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable to this Document; for the undated documents, only the latest version (including all the amendments) is applicable to this Document. GB/T 14058 Apparatus for gamma radiography GB/T 21356 Non-destructive testing - Qualification and long-term stability of computed radiology systems GB/T 23901.1 Non-destructive testing - Image quality of radiographs - Part 1. Determination of the image quality value using wire-type image quality indicators GB/T 23901.5 Non-destructive testing - Image quality of radiographs - Part 5. Determination of the image un-sharpness and basic spatial resolution value using duplex wire-type image quality indicators GB/T 23910 Non-destructive testing - Metal intensifying screens for radiographic testing3 Terms and DefinitionsFor the purposes of this Document, the terms and definitions given in NB/T 47013.1 and the following apply. 3.1 Imaging plate (IP) A flexible board coated with a compound of the rare earth elements europium, barium, and fluorine that can store information in the form of a latent image after exposure. 3.6 Structure noise of IP The inherent noise in digital images that is caused by the uneven structure of the photosensitive layer and surface of the imaging plate. 3.7 Pixel The basic unit of a radiographic digital image. A radiographic digital image is composed of points, and the points that make up the image are called pixels. 3.8 Grey value A numerical value that represents the brightness or darkness of a pixel in a digital image. 3.9 Linearized grey value Grey value that is proportional to the exposure of the imaging plate. 3.10 Image sensitivity The ability of an inspection system to detect the smallest details in the image of the inspected workpiece.4 General Requirements4.1 Testing personnel 4.1.1 The general requirements for personnel engaged in computed radiographic testing (hereinafter referred to as “testing personnel”) shall comply with the relevant provisions of NB/T 47013.1. 4.2 Testing system and equipment 4.2.1 X-ray machine 4.2.1.1 The energy range of the X-ray machine shall be selected according to the thickness, material and focal length of the object to be tested. 4.2.2 γ-ray machine 4.2.2.1 The type and activity of the γ-ray source shall be selected according to the thickness, material and focal length of the object to be tested. 4.2.2.2 The performance indicators of the used γ-ray machine shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 14058. 4.2.3 CR system The applicable CR system shall be selected according to the testing object and technical requirements. The system performance testing conditions and testing methods shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 21356.The system shall at least meet the following performance indicators. 4.2.4 Computer system The basic configuration of the computer system is determined according to the performance and scanning speed requirements of the adopted CR system. It should be equipped with a memory of no less than 512MB, a hard disk of no less than 40GB, a high-brightness and high- resolution ratio display, a CD writer, a network card, etc. The display shall meet the following minimum requirements. 4.2.5 System-specific software 4.2.6 Image quality indictor 4.2.6.1 The image quality indicators used in this Document include wire type image quality indictors and duplex wire type image quality indicators. The supplier of the image quality indicator shall provide corresponding quality certification documents. 4.3 Testing technology level 4.3.1 The computed radiographic testing technology level specified in this Document is divided into three levels from low to high. A, AB and B. 4.4 Testing process documents 4.4.1 Testing process documents include process procedures and operating instructions. 4.4.2 In addition to meeting the requirements of NB/T 47013.1, the process procedures shall also specify the specific scope or requirements of the following related factors. If the changes in related factors exceed the provisions, the process procedures shall be re-compiled or revised. 4.5 Safety requirements 4.5.1 The testing environment shall meet the requirements of the system operation on environment (temperature, humidity, grounding, electromagnetic radiation, vibration, etc.). 4.5.2 Radiation protection shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB 18871 and GBZ 117. 4.5.3 When conducting CR testing on site, the control area and supervision area shall be divided according to the provisions of GBZ 117; and warning signs shall be set up; during the inspection operation, the radiation level shall be measured around the boundary of the control area. The inspector shall wear a personal dosimeter and carry a dose alarm.5 Testing Process and Its Selection5.1 Testing timing 5.1.1 The testing timing shall meet the requirements of relevant laws, regulations, standards and design technical documents; and shall also meet other technical requirements agreed upon by both parties to the contract. 5.1.2 Unless otherwise specified, the testing shall be carried out after welding is completed. For materials with delayed cracking tendency, the testing shall be carried out at least 24 hours after welding is completed. 5.2 Testing area 5.3 Surface requirements Before testing, the surface of the welded joint shall be visually inspected and qualified. The image of the irregular state of the surface on the digital image shall not cover or interfere with the defect image, otherwise the surface shall be properly trimmed. 5.4 Imaging plate and metal screen 5.5 Transillumination arrangement 5.5.1 Transillumination method The appropriate transillumination method shall be selected according to the characteristics of the object to be tested and the requirements of the technical conditions. For typical transillumination methods, please refer to NB/T 47013.2.Except for the special case where double-wall transillumination is allowed for small-diameter tubes or the contracting parties agree to select double-wall transillumination; when single-wall transillumination conditions are available, single-wall transillumination should be selected. 5.5.3 Effective length of a single exposure 5.5.4 Overlap of effective evaluation area 5.5.4.1 The effective evaluation area refers to the imaging area that meets the requirements of this Document FOR the ratio between max. and min. penetrated thicknesses AND image quality. 5.5.4.2 When 100% testing is performed on butt welds, the number of exposures and the overlap of the effective evaluation area shall ensure that the entire volume range of the detected area is detected. 5.15 Selection of scanner parameter 5.15.1 The selection of the scanner photomultiplier tube voltage or gain shall match the exposure so that the grey value of the digital image is in an appropriate range (5%~90%). 5.15.2 The selection of the scanning resolution ratio shall ensure that the image resolution ratio meets the requirements specified in the standard and shall match the characteristics of the imaging plate. 5.16 Image evaluation environment requirements Image evaluation shall be carried out in a dedicated evaluation room, which shall be clean and tidy, with appropriate temperature and humidity.6 Image Quality Requirements6.1 General requirements 6.1.1 The marked image on the diagram shall be displayed complete and correctly positioned. There shall be no pseudo-defect images caused by scratches, indentations, folds, delamination, foreign matter adhesion, and metal screen defects that interfere with defect identification in the effective image evaluation area. 6.2 Image sensitivity requirements 6.2.1 When a single-wall transillumination wire type image quality indicator is placed on the radioactive source side, it shall comply with the provisions of Table 6; when a double-wall double-shadow transillumination wire type image quality indicator is placed on the radioactive source side, it shall comply with the provisions of Table 7; 6.2.2 For welded joints with pads, the penetrated thickness may include the pad thickness. 6.3 Requirements for resolution ratio 6.4 Normalized signal-to-noise ratio 6.4.1 The normalized signal-to-noise ratio of the image shall meet the requirements of Tables 12 and 13.The measurement and calculation of the normalized signal-to-noise ratio (SNRn) are shown in Appendix C.7 Defect Identification and Measurement7.1 Defect identification 7.1.1 Defect identification can be done by manual identification or computer-assisted identification. 7.2 Defect measurement 7.2.1 Before defect measurement, the testing image containing the standard sample shall be collected according to the actual testing process; and the geometric size shall be calibrated. 7.2.3 When the system and transillumination parameters change, recalibration shall be performed.8 Image Storage and Preservation8.1 Image storage 8.1.1 The image storage format shall be implemented in DICONDE format. 8.1.3 When image processing technology is used, the processed image shall be labeled and saved together with the raw digital image. 8.1.4 The image number shall correspond to the weld number. 8.2 Image preservation 8.2.1 Images shall be stored in digital storage media and archived.9 Evaluation of Inspection Results and Quality Grading9.1 Defects can be evaluated by artificial evaluation or computer-assisted evaluation methods. 9.2 When evaluating defects, if filtering or other image processing is used on the raw image, it shall be agreed upon by both parties to the contract and recorded in relevant documents. NB/T 47013.14-2023 NB ENERGY INDUSTRY STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ICS 77.040.20 CCS H 26 Replacing NB/T 47013.14-2016 Nondestructive Testing of Pressure Equipment – Part 14. Computed Radiographic Testing Issued on. OCTOBER 11, 2023 Implemented on. APRIL 11, 2024 Issued by. National Energy Administration Announcement of the National Energy Administration No.5 of 2023Table of ContentsForeword... 4 Introduction... 7 1 Scope... 8 2 Normative References... 8 3 Terms and Definitions... 9 4 General Requirements... 12 5 Testing Process and Its Selection... 18 6 Image Quality Requirements... 30 7 Defect Identification and Measurement... 36 8 Image Storage and Preservation... 36 9 Evaluation of Inspection Results and Quality Grading... 37 10 Testing Records and Reports... 37 Appendix A (Informative) Test Method of Min. Grey Value... 39 Appendix B (Normative) Determination of Resolution (Ratio)... 41 Appendix C (Normative) Determination of Normalized Signal-to-Noise Ratio... 44 Bibliography... 451 Scope1.1 This Document specifies the radiographic computer-aided imaging inspection technology and quality grading requirements for fusion welding joints of metal material pressure components of pressure-bearing equipment. Metal materials used to make welding joints include steel, copper and copper alloys, aluminum and aluminum alloys, titanium and titanium alloys, nickel and nickel alloys. 1.2 This Document is applicable to the radiographic computer-aided imaging inspection of butt welds of plates and tubes (hereinafter referred to as "butt welds") during the manufacture, installation and in-service inspection of pressure components of pressure-bearing equipment. 1.3 The imaging device applicable to this Document is the imaging plate. 1.4 The radioactive source applicable to this Document is the X-ray source and the Ir192 and Se75γ radioactive source, where the maximum tube voltage of the X-ray machine does not exceed 600kV. 1.5 The radiographic computer-aided imaging inspection of welding joints of pressure-bearing equipment supports and structural parts and plug-in and placement tubes can be used as a reference.2 Normative ReferencesThe provisions in following documents become the essential provisions of this Document through reference in this Document. For the dated documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable to this Document; for the undated documents, only the latest version (including all the amendments) is applicable to this Document. GB/T 14058 Apparatus for gamma radiography GB/T 21356 Non-destructive testing - Qualification and long-term stability of computed radiology systems GB/T 23901.1 Non-destructive testing - Image quality of radiographs - Part 1. Determination of the image quality value using wire-type image quality indicators GB/T 23901.5 Non-destructive testing - Image quality of radiographs - Part 5. Determination of the image un-sharpness and basic spatial resolution value using duplex wire-type image quality indicators GB/T 23910 Non-destructive testing - Metal intensifying screens for radiographic testing3 Terms and DefinitionsFor the purposes of this Document, the terms and definitions given in NB/T 47013.1 and the following apply. 3.1 Imaging plate (IP) A flexible board coated with a compound of the rare earth elements europium, barium, and fluorine that can store information in the form of a latent image after exposure. 3.6 Structure noise of IP The inherent noise in digital images that is caused by the uneven structure of the photosensitive layer and surface of the imaging plate. 3.7 Pixel The basic unit of a radiographic digital image. A radiographic digital image is composed of points, and the points that make up the image are called pixels. 3.8 Grey value A numerical value that represents the brightness or darkness of a pixel in a digital image. 3.9 Linearized grey value Grey value that is proportional to the exposure of the imaging plate. 3.10 Image sensitivity The ability of an inspection system to detect the smallest details in the image of the inspected workpiece.4 General Requirements4.1 Testing personnel 4.1.1 The general requirements for personnel engaged in computed radiographic testing (hereinafter referred to as “testing personnel”) shall comply with the relevant provisions of NB/T 47013.1. 4.2 Testing system and equipment 4.2.1 X-ray machine 4.2.1.1 The energy range of the X-ray machine shall be selected according to the thickness, material and focal length of the object to be tested. 4.2.2 γ-ray machine 4.2.2.1 The type and activity of the γ-ray source shall be selected according to the thickness, material and focal length of the object to be tested. 4.2.2.2 The performance indicators of the used γ-ray machine shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 14058. 4.2.3 CR system The applicable CR system shall be selected according to the testing object and technical requirements. The system performance testing conditions and testing methods shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 21356.The system shall at least meet the following performance indicators. 4.2.4 Computer system The basic configuration of the computer system is determined according to the performance and scanning speed requirements of the adopted CR system. It should be equipped with a memory of no less than 512MB, a hard disk of no less than 40GB, a high-brightness and high- resolution ratio display, a CD writer, a network card, etc. The display shall meet the following minimum requirements. 4.2.5 System-specific software 4.2.6 Image quality indictor 4.2.6.1 The image quality indicators used in this Document include wire type image quality indictors and duplex wire type image quality indicators. The supplier of the image quality indicator shall provide corresponding quality certification documents. 4.3 Testing technology level 4.3.1 The computed radiographic testing technology level specified in this Document is divided into three levels from low to high. A, AB and B. 4.4 Testing process documents 4.4.1 Testing process documents include process procedures and operating instructions. 4.4.2 In addition to meeting the requirements of NB/T 47013.1, the process procedures shall also specify the specific scope or requirements of the following related factors. If the changes in related factors exceed the provisions, the process procedures shall be re-compiled or revised. 4.5 Safety requirements 4.5.1 The testing environment shall meet the requirements of the system operation on environment (temperature, humidity, grounding, electromagnetic radiation, vibration, etc.). 4.5.2 Radiation protection shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB 18871 and GBZ 117. 4.5.3 When conducting CR testing on site, the control area and supervision area shall be divided according to the provisions of GBZ 117; and warning signs shall be set up; during the inspection operation, the radiation level shall be measured around the boundary of the control area. The inspector shall wear a personal dosimeter and carry a dose alarm.5 Testing Process and Its Selection5.1 Testing timing 5.1.1 The testing timing shall meet the requirements of relevant laws, regulations, standards and design technical documents; and shall also meet other technical requirements agreed upon by both parties to the contract. 5.1.2 Unless otherwise specified, the testing shall be carried out after welding is completed. For materials with delayed cracking tendency, the testing shall be carried out at least 24 hours after welding is completed. 5.2 Testing area 5.3 Surface requirements Before testing, the surface of the welded joint shall be visually inspected and qualified. The image of the irregular state of the surface on the digital image shall not cover or interfere with the defect image, otherwise the surface shall be properly trimmed. 5.4 Imaging plate and metal screen 5.5 Transillumination arrangement 5.5.1 Transillumination method The appropriate transillumination method shall be selected according to the characteristics of the object to be tested and the requirements of the technical conditions. For typical transillumination methods, please refer to NB/T 47013.2.Except for the special case where double-wall transillumination is allowed for small-diameter tubes or the contracting parties agree to select double-wall transillumination; when single-wall transillumination conditions are available, single-wall transillumination should be selected. 5.5.3 Effective length of a single exposure 5.5.4 Overlap of effective evaluation area 5.5.4.1 The effective evaluation area refers to the imaging area that meets the requirements of this Document FOR the ratio between max. and min. penetrated thicknesses AND image quality. 5.5.4.2 When 100% testing is performed on butt welds, the number of exposures and the overlap of the effective evaluation area shall ensure that the entire volume range of the detected area is detected. 5.15 Selection of scanner parameter 5.15.1 The selection of the scanner photomultiplier tube voltage or gain shall match the exposure so that the grey value of the digital image is in an appropriate range (5%~90%). 5.15.2 The selection of the scanning resolution ratio shall ensure that the image resolution ratio meets the requirements specified in the standard and shall match the characteristics of the imaging plate. 5.16 Image evaluation environment requirements Image evaluation shall be carried out in a dedicated evaluation room, which shall be clean and tidy, with appropriate temperature and humidity.6 Image Quality Requirements6.1 General requirements 6.1.1 The marked image on the diagram shall be displayed complete and correctly positioned. There shall be no pseudo-defect images caused by scratches, indentations, folds, delamination, foreign matter adhesion, and metal screen defects that interfere with defect identification in the effective image evaluation area. 6.2 Image sensitivity requirements 6.2.1 When a single-wall transillumination wire type image quality indicator is placed on the radioactive source side, it shall comply with the provisions of Table 6; when a double-wall double-shadow transillumination wire type image quality indicator is placed on the radioactive source side, it shall comply with the provisions of Table 7; 6.2.2 For welded joints with pads, the penetrated thickness may include the pad thickness. 6.3 Requirements for resolution ratio 6.4 Normalized signal-to-noise ratio 6.4.1 The normalized signal-to-noise ratio of the image shall meet the requirements of Tables 12 and 13.The measurement and calculation of the normalized signal-to-noise ratio (SNRn) are shown in Appendix C.7 Defect Identification and Measurement7.1 Defect identification 7.1.1 Defect identification can be done by manual identification or computer-assisted identification. 7.2 Defect measurement 7.2.1 Before defect measurement, the testing image containing the standard sample shall be collected according to the actual testing process; and the geometric size shall be calibrated. 7.2.3 When the system and transillumination parameters change, recalibration shall be performed.8 Image Storage and Preservation8.1 Image storage 8.1.1 The image storage format shall be implemented in DICONDE format. 8.1.3 When image processing technology is used, the processed image shall be labeled and saved together with the raw digital image. 8.1.4 The image number shall correspond to the weld number. 8.2 Image preservation 8.2.1 Images shall be stored in digital storage media and archived.9 Evaluation of Inspection Results and Quality Grading9.1 Defects can be evaluated by artificial evaluation or computer-assisted evaluation methods. 9.2 When evaluating defects, if filtering or other image processing is used on the raw image, it shall be agreed upon by both parties to the contract and recorded in relevant documents. ......Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al. 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