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Basic dataStandard ID: HJ 839-2017 (HJ839-2017)Description (Translated English): Technical regulation of field investigation for environment and health--Cross-sectional study Sector / Industry: Environmental Protection Industry Standard Classification of Chinese Standard: Z10 Word Count Estimation: 14,168 Date of Issue: 2017-06-09 Date of Implementation: 2017-06-09 Issuing agency(ies): Ministry of Ecology and Environment HJ 839-2017: Technical regulation of field investigation for environment and health--Cross-sectional study---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order. Technical regulation of field investigation for environment and health - Cross-sectional study National Environmental Protection Standard of the People 's Republic of China Environmental and health field investigation technical specifications Cross-sectional survey Technical regulation of field investigation for environment and health -Cross-sectional study 2017-06-09 released 2017-06-09 Implementation Ministry of Environmental Protection released Directory Preface .ii 1 Scope of application2 normative reference documents3 Terms and definitions 1 4 Basic principles of investigation.25 work content and procedures6 pre-survey7 Official investigationQuality control and quality evaluation9 Report preparationForewordTo carry out the "Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China" to protect the environment and public health, regulate the environmental and health field investigation work Fixed standard. This standard sets out the general principles, working procedures, survey contents, methods and technical requirements for cross-sectional survey of environment and health. This standard is organized by the Ministry of Environmental Protection Science and Technology Standards Division. This standard is the first release. The main drafting of this standard. Environmental Protection Department of South China Environmental Science Research Institute, Environmental and Economic Policy Research Center, Ministry of Environmental Protection National Environmental Monitoring Station, Peking University School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Public Health, Fudan University School of Public Health. This standard is approved by the Ministry of Environmental Protection on June 9,.2017. This standard is implemented from the date of publication. This standard is explained by the Ministry of Environmental Protection. Environmental and health field survey technical specifications cross - sectional survey1 Scope of applicationThis standard sets out the general principles, working procedures, survey contents, methods and techniques for cross-sectional surveys of environmental and health field surveys. begging. This standard applies to specific time points or periods, for enterprises and institutions and other production and business activities led to environmental pollution to carry out the environment Exposure and population health survey. This standard does not apply to nuclear and electromagnetic radiation, noise, light, micro-organisms, mobile sources, occupational exposure and other environmental pollution and sudden environment An Investigation on the Impact of Pollution Accidents on Population Health.2 normative reference documentsThis standard refers to the following documents or the terms thereof. Those who do not specify the date of the reference file, its effective version (including amendments) appropriate For this standard. GB/T 5750.2 Standard Test Method for Drinking Water - Collection and Preservation of Water Samples GB/T 16126 Biomass Monitoring Quality Assurance Technical Guidelines for Environmental Monitoring Quality Management Technical specification for layout of DK 664 ambient air quality monitoring Technical specification for SJ sample preparation for industrial solid waste Technical Guidelines for Unorganized Emissions Monitoring of Air Pollutants Technical specification for surface water and wastewater monitoring Technical specification for groundwater environmental monitoring Technical specification for soil environmental monitoring Technical specification for indoor air quality monitoring of HJ/T 167 Technical specification for manual monitoring of ambient air quality Technical specification for HJ/T 397 fixed source exhaust gas monitoring Technical specification for layout of DK/T 664 ambient air quality monitoring Technical specification for pollution monitoring of agricultural, livestock and aquatic products Methods of dietary survey in foodstuffs - Part 2. Weighing method Medical institutions clinical laboratory management approach (Wei Medical [2006] No. 73) Interim Provisions on the Administration of Healthy Physical Examination (No. 7 [2009] of Health Medical Administration) The ethical review of human biomedical research (the 11th edition of the Health and Health Commission.2016)3 terms and definitionsThe following terms and definitions apply to this standard. 3.1 Cross-sectional study Refers to a simultaneous investigation of the health effects of the source of the pollution, the level of exposure to the environment and the corresponding exposure at a given point in time or during the period. 3.2 Exposure Refers to the contact of one or more biological, chemical or physical factors with the human body in time and space. 3.3 Body load The total amount of a substance in the human body. 3.4 Environmental background concentration Refers to situations where the environmental elements (such as the atmosphere, water bodies, water bodies, etc.) are not affected by the "source" or other local "source" pollution that is being investigated, Rocks, soils, organisms and human tissues), the concentration of various chemical elements associated with the effects of environmental pollution. 3.5 Exposure pathway Refers to the route from contaminants to exposure to exposed receptors, including the source of pollutants, environmental trends and transmission, exposure sites, violence Exposure methods (such as digestive tract intake, respiratory inhalation and skin absorption, etc.) and exposure to people and other five parts. 3.6 Dietary survey Refers to the individual, family or population a certain period of time a variety of food intake and nutrient intake status of the investigation. 3.7 Sensitive target Refers to the pollution sources may be affected by contaminated areas of residential areas, schools, hospitals, drinking water source protection areas and important public places. 3.8 Sample survey Refers to a total number of representative observation units from all the survey subjects to select a sample of the observation unit, and then use the sample Inferred the characteristics of all research objects.4 Basic principles of investigation4.1 spatial matching According to the scope of pollution within the scope of the activities of the crowd and lifestyle, to ensure that pollution sources, environmental exposure survey and health survey Match each other. 4.2 Time relevance According to the characteristics of pollutant metabolism and health effects, reasonable set of environmental exposure survey and health survey time and frequency of investigation. 4.3 crowd consistency In the context of the identified environmental survey, for the same target population to carry out questionnaires, in vivo load survey, physical examination. 4.4 Index matching The selection of indicators should pay attention to the correspondence between environmental surveys, exposure surveys and health surveys, focusing on the sensitivity, specificity Sexual and biological rationality. 4.5 sample representation The use of procedural and systematic approach to regulate the process of environmental and health investigation to ensure that the environment sample layout and survey population samples have Representation, sample size to meet the statistical requirements. 4.6 Comparison of the control area There is no pollutant emission source associated with the investigation in the control area, or the level of pollutant in the environment is not higher than the national environmental quality standard (Or local environmental background); control and contaminated areas have similar natural conditions, socioeconomic status and population lifestyle; Live population is relatively stable, there are enough people to investigate the crowd.5 work content and procedures5.1 Work content 5.1.1 Investigation of pollution sources Understand the impact of the activities of enterprises or other producers and operators on the surrounding environment, including historical and current pollutant types, emissions And the scope of influence. 5.1.2 Exposure survey Grasp the environmental media (air, water, soil/dust, etc.) and dietary contaminant concentration, investigate the population exposure patterns, determine the The crowd exposed the main route to estimate the level of exposure to the population. 5.1.3 Population Health Survey To understand the health effects of pollutants on the population, including. pollutants in the human body load changes, changes in human physiological function or biochemical metabolism, Body dysfunction, morbidity and mortality. 5.2 Working procedures Divided into pre-survey and formal investigation of two stages (see Figure 1). The purpose of pre-survey is to determine the scope of environmental pollution, the type of pollutants, To determine the exposure patterns, affecting the crowd and the factors affecting the health of the crowd, a clear control area, verify the technical route and method of investigation feasibility. Pre-survey includes data collection, site reconnaissance and staff interviews, as well as preliminary surveys of pollution and environmental exposure. Pre-survey The results indicate that there is a clear environmental pollution and exposure to the population, then the development of a formal investigation and implementation of the investigation, the official investigation, including environmental exposure Survey and Health Survey. 6 pre-investigation 6.1 Develop a pre-survey program 6.1.1 Data collection A) Natural conditions. geographical location, topography, topography, geology, soil, hydrological and meteorological data; B) Social information. demographic composition and distribution, distribution of sensitive targets, economic and social development, land use data, national and local Related policies, laws, regulations and standards; Figure 1 Working procedures C) Environmental information. pollution source data, environmental monitoring data, environmental impact assessment report, environmental audit report. Source of pollution information To include the history of the source of the pollution, the type of process and the type of pollution, the type of major pollutants, environmental protection facilities and the disposal of pollutants, and Completion acceptance, supervision monitoring, enterprise self - monitoring data and other information; D) Health information. A survey report on the health impact of the collection of resident health records, disease registration, health statistics yearbook and environmental pollution Etc., to obtain information such as morbidity, morbidity, mortality, dietary composition and lifestyle. 6.1.2 Site survey According to the scope of pollution sources, may affect the crowd and the control area of the selection principle, to determine the scope of field survey, the control area in the geographical Put as close as possible to the contaminated area. In considering the location of pollution sources, pollutant species, pollution history, pollution and extent, residents received Into the cultural level, age structure, living habits, based on the site visits, visits and other forms of environmental status abnormalities Identify, initially determine the regional pollution characteristics, determine the contaminated area and control area. content include. A) Pollution Status and History. Types and quantities of pollution sources in the survey area, substances that may cause water, soil, air pollution, Production and storage conditions, to understand the "waste gas, waste water and industrial solid waste" treatment and emissions and accidental emissions. B) Geology, hydrology and topography and meteorology. Access to environmental pollutants through local geological, hydrological and terrain and meteorological analysis Migration situation. C) Sensitive Objectives. Focus on the distribution of targets such as residential areas, schools, hospitals and drinking water source protection areas. D) Exposure to the population. understand the number of people exposed to the environment, population composition, dietary composition and living habits. 6.1.3 Personnel interviews (Including government, business, expert, public, etc.) on the status quo or historical situation by means of interviews, telephone exchanges or written surveys. All the relevant personnel) for interviews, research has information, improve the relevant information. 6.1.4 Prepare the pre-survey implementation plan The pre-survey implementation plan includes the purpose of pre-survey, the investigation period (not more than 6 months in principle), the scope of the survey, the location of the survey, the sample Collection, sample storage and transportation, laboratory analysis, data analysis, quality control and so on. 6.2 site pre-investigation 6.2.1 Investigation of pollution sources 6.2.1.1 Exhaust gas Sampling point distribution, sample collection, sampling time and frequency, sample storage and transport and quality control of fixed source exhaust gas survey HJ/T 397 And the sampling point distribution method for the monitoring of the unorganized emissions of waste gas is carried out according to HJ/T 55. In the normal working conditions, the collection of 1 to 2 times on behalf of Sample of the sample. 6.2.1.2 Wastewater Sampling points for sample collection, sampling time and frequency, storage and transport and quality control according to HJ/T 91, In the normal working conditions, collected 1 to 2 times a representative sample. 6.2.1.3 Industrial solid waste Sampling point of solid waste survey, sample collection, storage and transportation and quality control according to HJ/T 20 implementation, collected 1 to 2 times A representative sample. 6.2.2 Environmental Exposure Survey In the area of pre-survey, the collection of ambient air, environmental water, soil, indoor air, drinking water and local major agricultural products. The sample size of the control and contaminated areas should be consistent. A) Ambient air. The layout should focus on the crowd gathering area, the dominant wind direction and the investigation area boundary, sampling time and pollution Dye source survey is synchronized. The ambient air survey point is, in principle, not less than six, and is valid for not less than 7 days. Sample collection, preservation, Transport and quality control according to HJ/T 194, HJ 664 implementation. B) Environmental water bodies. surface water distribution, sample collection, storage and quality control according to the relevant provisions of HJ/T 91; groundwater , The sample collection, storage and transport and quality control is carried out in accordance with HJ/T 164, and the groundwater monitoring point is, in principle, not less than five. C) Soil. Soil survey points are arranged in accordance with the grid method, a single grid is not greater than 1000 m × 1000 m, within each grid The mixture is collected by any of the methods such as diagonal method, plum blossom method, snake method or checkerboard method. Collect surface soil (0 ~ 20 Cm), to understand the soil pollution history or soil background values, can be collected deep soil or profile soil. Sample collection, storage, transportation and quality Control is executed by HJ/T 166. Soil sample collection time as far as possible in the crop harvest season. D) Indoor air. Based on the type of housing (bungalows, buildings, etc.) and the way of ventilation, the residents' activities are frequent Room, collection of households to match the ambient air point, sampling time and ambient air monitoring to keep pace. Collection of indoor air of the original home Then no less than 6 households, indoor air sample collection, storage and transport quality control according to HJ/T 167 implementation. E) Drinking water. synchronized with indoor air collection, in the indoor air surveyed households to collect their drinking water. Rural decentralized water supply Should be determined according to water supply; rural centralized water supply and urban centralized water supply collection of peripheral water. Sample collection, storage, transportation and quality Control is carried out according to GB/T 5750.2. F) Agricultural products. According to the local dietary structure and frequency of consumption to determine the survey of major agricultural products, each agricultural products of not less than 6 samples. The soil sampling grid is used as sampling unit to collect the corresponding agricultural products such as grain and vegetables, and the agricultural products are collected simultaneously with the soil samples. As a unit, the sampled family is consistent with the indoor air sampling family, the collection of household food (market purchase and home production for storage) of cereals, Vegetables, sampling frequency and indoor air monitoring consistent. The sample collection, storage, transportation and quality control is carried out according to NY/T 398. 6.3 Pre-survey results analysis The collected data and the results of on-site survey analysis, understanding of the survey area topography, hydrometeorological and other natural conditions, sensitive targets, Population composition and distribution, land use and other economic and social development, pollution and history of the status quo, the main pollutants and other environmental characteristics, prevalence, Mortality and other population health status. Analysis of field survey results, to determine the characteristics of pollution sources, pollutants disposal, the initial grasp of the investigation area of ambient air, water, Soil, indoor air, agricultural products and other exposure routes pollution characteristics. Based on the above results, identify the types of pollutants, the scope of pollution, exposure to the population and the main exposure to determine whether the need to carry out Formal investigation.7 official investigation7.1 Formulate a formal investigation implementation plan The formal investigation of the implementation plan includes the purpose of the investigation, the investigation cycle (in principle, should cover a natural year), the scope of the investigation, Sample collection, storage, transportation, laboratory analysis, data analysis, quality control and so on. 7.2 On-site investigation 7.2.1 Environmental Exposure Survey 7.2.1.1 Ambient air A) point layout. based on pre-survey results, optimize the point layout. Using the encryption grid method, the crowd will gather area (residential area, learning Schools, hospitals, etc.) are evenly divided into grid survey points, a single grid is not greater than 1000 m × 1000 m, in each grid center or grid pair Set the monitoring point on the intersection of the corners. Pollution area of the ambient air monitoring point in principle, not less than 10, the control area to set the ambient air monitoring point Not less than three. B) sampling frequency. survey cycle sample collection of not less than 2 times, each time at least 7 days to obtain seasonal representative data. In case of special gas Waiting conditions or abnormal conditions emissions, according to the purpose of the investigation, may be appropriate to increase the sampling frequency. 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