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Basic dataStandard ID: HJ 2304-2018 (HJ2304-2018)Description (Translated English): Guideline on available technologies of pollution prevention and control for ceramics manufacturing industry Sector / Industry: Environmental Protection Industry Standard Word Count Estimation: 22,238 Date of Issue: 2018-12-29 Date of Implementation: 2019-03-01 Regulation (derived from): Ministry of Ecology and Environment Announcement No. 77 of 2018 Issuing agency(ies): Ministry of Ecology and Environment HJ 2304-2018: Guideline on available technologies of pollution prevention and control for ceramics manufacturing industry---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order. Guideline on available technologies of pollution prevention and control for ceramics manufacturing industry National Environmental Protection Standard of the People's Republic Technical guide for feasible pollution prevention in ceramic industry Guideline on available technologies of pollution prevention And control for ceramics manufacturing industry Published on.2018-12-29 2019-03-01 implementation Ministry of Ecology and Environment released i directory Foreword...ii 1 Scope...1 2 Normative references...1 3 Terms and Definitions...1 4 Industry production and the generation of pollutants... 2 5 Possible technologies for pollution prevention and control...3 Appendix A (informative appendix) ceramic production process and main pollution-producing nodes...16 Appendix B (informative) Common ranges of initial emission concentrations of flue gas pollutants in ceramic industrial furnaces and spray drying towers...17 Appendix C (informative appendix) ceramic industry flue gas treatment technology process...18 ForewordTo implement the Law of the People's Republic of China on Environmental Protection, the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution The Law on Pollution Prevention and Control, etc., to prevent and control environmental pollution, improve environmental quality, and promote technological progress in pollution prevention and control of the ceramic industry, and develop this standard. This standard proposes feasible technologies for the prevention and control of waste gas, waste water, solid waste and noise pollution in ceramic industry. This standard is the first release. Appendix A to Appendix C of this standard are informative annexes. This standard is formulated by the Department of Science and Technology and the Department of Regulations and Standards of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment. This standard was drafted. Building Materials Industry Technical Information Research Institute, Beijing Quanhua Environmental Technology Standards Research Center, China Building Materials The Research Institute of Science and Technology, the South China Institute of Environmental Sciences of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, the Foshan Building Materials Industry Association and Jiangsu Kexing Environmental Protection Co., Ltd. Limited company. This standard was approved by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment on December 29,.2018. This standard has been implemented since March 1,.2019. This standard is explained by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment.1 Technical guidelines for feasible control of pollution in ceramic industry1 Scope of applicationThis standard proposes feasible technologies for the prevention and control of waste gas, wastewater, solid waste and noise pollution in ceramic industrial enterprises. This standard can be used as environmental impact assessment for ceramic industrial enterprise construction projects, national pollutant discharge standard revision, sewage permit management and Reference for the selection of pollution prevention technologies.2 Normative referencesThe contents of this standard refer to the following documents or their terms. For undated references, the valid version applies to this standard. GB 18599 General industrial solid waste storage and disposal site pollution control standards GB 25464-2010 Ceramic Industry Pollutant Emission Standard Amendment to the "Ceramic Industry Pollutant Emission Standards" (GB 25464-2010) (Ministry of Environmental Protection Announcement No. 83 of.2014) National Directory of Hazardous Wastes (Ministry of Environmental Protection No. 39)3 Terms and definitionsThe following terms and definitions apply to this standard. 3.1 Ceramic industry manufacturing industry Refers to the industry in which raw materials are processed, formed, fired, etc. to form various ceramic products. The products mainly include architectural ceramics and sanitary products. Ceramic, daily and furnishings art porcelain and special ceramics. 3.2 Building ceramics building ceramics Refers to plate-like or block-shaped ceramic products used for building finishes, components and to protect buildings and structures. 3.3 Sanitary ceramic ceramicware Refers to glazed ceramic products used in sanitary facilities. 3.4 Daily and furnishings artware tableware and ornamentalware(household ceramics) Refers to all kinds of ceramic products for daily use or for artistic appreciation and collection value. 3.5 special ceramics industrial ceramics Refers to the general term for ceramic materials used in industries and other sectors, mainly including electrical ceramics and chemical ceramics. 3.6 feasible techniques of pollution prevention and control 2 According to the environmental demand and economic level in a certain period of China, comprehensively adopt pollution prevention technology and pollution control technology in the process of pollution prevention and control Surgery and environmental management measures to make pollutant emissions stable to meet the national ceramic industry pollutant discharge standards, scale application technology. 3.7 standard condition Refers to the state when the temperature is 273.15 K and the pressure is 101325 Pa. The concentration of atmospheric pollutants covered by this standard, unless otherwise stated, Based on the dry smoke and oxygen content of 18% under standard conditions.4 Industry production and generation of pollutants4.1 Production process 4.1.1 The ceramic production process mainly includes the steps of raw material preparation, forming, firing and post-processing. Common forming processes include dry pressing Forming, plastic forming and slip forming. The dry-formed building ceramic post-processing process includes cutting, edging and surface polishing of the finished product after firing. 4.1.2 Ceramic raw materials mainly include feldspar, quartz and clay mineral raw materials, as well as a small amount of mineral raw materials such as calcium and magnesium and chemical industry. raw material. 4.1.3 The types of energy used in building ceramics mainly include producer gas, coal water slurry, coal powder and natural gas, and other ceramic energy sources. The categories mainly include natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas and electrical energy. 4.2 Generation of pollutants 4.2.1 During the ceramic production process, the firing process kiln, the baking process kiln and the spray drying process spray drying tower produce flue gas pollutants. Wet method preparation and forming process produces non-organic discharge; wet process preparation, spray drying, post-processing and other processes produce production wastewater; full process Both produce solid waste and noise. See Appendix A for typical production processes and major production lines. 4.2.2 During the firing and roasting process, the ceramic kiln such as roller kiln, tunnel kiln and shuttle kiln discharges kiln flue gas and produces atmospheric pollutants. It mainly includes particulate matter, sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), chlorides, fluorides, lead and their compounds, cadmium and their compounds. And nickel and its compounds; spray drying of spray drying towers during spray drying of architectural ceramics and special ceramics, producing atmospheric pollutants It mainly includes particulate matter, SO2 and NOx. Initial emissions of particulate matter, SO2 and NOx from flue gas pollutants in kiln flue gas and spray drying tower See Appendix B for the usual range of degrees. 4.2.3 The main sources of unorganized emissions in the ceramic production process include raw material preparation and forming processes. Dry-formed building potter The main sources of unorganized emissions from the industry include powder preparation processes and post-processing operations such as dry cutting, edging and surface polishing. 4.2.4 Ceramic production wastewater mainly includes mud-containing wastewater and glazed wastewater produced by the raw material preparation process. Building ceramic production wastewater also includes pottery Post-processing wastewater and desulfurization wastewater. Ceramic production wastewater pollutants mainly include suspended solids (SS), chemical oxygen demand (CODCr), and five days. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), ammonia nitrogen and petroleum. 4.2.5 The general solid waste generated in the ceramic production process mainly includes waste sludge, waste glaze and coal ash residue produced by the process of raw material preparation. Waste blank and waste gypsum mold produced by the forming process, waste refractory materials and waste kiln furniture generated in the firing process, polishing generated by the firing and post-processing steps Waste slag, waste bricks and waste porcelain, as well as desulfurization and solid waste generated by flue gas desulfurization facilities. The hazardous waste generated in the ceramic production process mainly includes the use of oil. Wastes from ink and organic solvent processes, coal tars produced during gas production, and phenol-containing wastewater. 4.2.6 The noise generated by the ceramic production process mainly comes from the operation equipment, including material crushing equipment, ball mill, kiln fan 3 and air compressor. The sources of noise generated by the building ceramics production process include the press and the finishing machine for the dry press forming process and polishing. machine.5 Possible technologies for pollution prevention and control5.1 Pollution Prevention Technology 5.1.1 Kiln air pollution prevention technology 5.1.1.1 Raw material control technology Use low fluoride, low chloride and low sulphide materials, and control heavy metals such as lead and cadmium in billets and glazes. Reduce the initial emission concentration of fluoride, chloride and heavy metals and their compounds in the flue gas of the kiln, generally the fluoride and chlorine in the flue gas of the kiln The initial emission concentrations of the compounds do not exceed 3.0 mg/m3 and 15 mg/m3, respectively, lead and its compounds, cadmium and its compounds, nickel and its compounds The initial emission concentrations do not exceed 1.0 mg/m3, 0.05 mg/m3, and 0.2 mg/m3, respectively. 5.1.1.2 Clean Energy Technology Under the premise of meeting the production process requirements and ensuring the supply of gas source, the kiln fuel adopts natural gas, coalbed methane, coke oven gas or liquefied stone. Oil and gas can reduce the initial concentration of particulate matter and SO2 in the kiln flue gas. Suitable for ceramic industrial furnaces for plastic forming and grouting The initial concentration of particulate matter and SO2 in the kiln flue gas is usually not more than 20 mg/m3 and 50 mg/m3, respectively. Using electric energy instead of fossil fuel as the energy of the kiln can avoid the emission of atmospheric pollutants from the kiln caused by fuel combustion, but it cannot be avoided. Emission of atmospheric pollutants from raw materials during firing or baking of ceramic products. Under the premise of meeting the production process requirements and economic rationality, The electric kiln is suitable for small roller kiln and small mesh kiln for plain or glaze burning, small baking kiln and small shuttle kiln with a volume of usually less than 2 m3. 5.1.1.3 Kiln firing system optimization technology The kiln firing system is designed to burn qualified ceramic products and achieve optimum firing results for operating parameters of temperature, atmosphere and pressure in the kiln. Provisions. By optimizing the firing system, the initial NOx emission concentration of the furnace flue gas is usually not more than 100 mg/m3, and the fluoride and Sulfide emissions. Suitable for the firing process of ceramic products. 5.1.1.4 Kiln energy saving technology By optimizing the kiln structure, strengthening the kiln insulation performance, using light kiln cars and kiln furniture, using efficient combustion systems and improving automation Improve the kiln thermal efficiency and reduce the energy consumption per unit of product by controlling the level of control. 5.1.1.5 Kiln flue gas waste heat utilization technology The residual heat of the flue gas of the kiln mainly includes the residual heat of the flue gas discharged from the kiln head and the residual heat of the hot air discharged from the cooling zone of the kiln, which can be used for the dryness of the green body. Drying and other hot links. The residual heat of the flue gas discharged from the kiln can save 6% to 8%, and the hot air residual heat discharged from the kiln cooling zone can be used. Can be 5% to 10%. 5.1.2 Spray drying tower hot blast stove air pollution prevention technology 45.1.2.1 Low sulfur fuel technology Spray drying tower hot blast stove low sulphur fuel includes low sulfur gaseous fuel such as low sulphur coal and natural gas, and air sulphur content of low sulphur coal Generally not more than 0.5%. When the hot blast stove uses natural gas as fuel, the initial concentration of SO2 in the hot flue gas of the spray drying tower usually does not exceed 50. Mg/m3. 5.1.2.2 High-temperature sulfur fixation technology for coal-based fuel Spray drying tower coal-based fuel hot blast stove uses calcium-based sulfur-fixing agent to carry out pre-desulfurization of flue gas, and the ratio of calcium to sulfur (molar ratio) is generally about 1.1. Using low-sulfur coal technology and high-temperature sulfur-fixing technology, the initial emission concentration of SO2 in spray drying tower flue gas usually does not exceed 50 mg/m3. Suitable for coal Base fuel spray drying tower hot blast stove. 5.1.2.3 Low nitrogen combustion technology Spray drying tower can usually be controlled by controlling the temperature of the exhaust drying outlet of the spray drying tower and controlling the mixing ratio of fuel to air. The initial NOx emission concentration in the flue gas does not exceed 150 mg/m3. Control the exhaust gas outlet temperature generally does not exceed 720 ° C, pulverized coal chain The low-nitrogen combustion technology of the hot blast stove and the low-nitrogen combustion technology of the gas hot blast stove can make the initial NOx emission concentration usually not exceed 100 mg/m3. Pulverized coal The low-nitrogen combustion technology of the chain type hot blast stove has the problem of insufficient coal combustion, and is suitable for the circular economy industry with large-scale utilization of cinder. Chain of ceramic industrial enterprises. 5.1.3 Production wastewater pollution prevention technology 5.1.3.1 Production wastewater recycling The mud-containing wastewater, the glazed wastewater, the wet desulfurization wastewater and the post-processing wastewater can be recycled after being classified and collected, flocculated and precipitated, and treated. The main uses of the wastewater include raw material preparation water, wet desulfurization water, post-processing water and workshop flushing water. Through wastewater recycling, The wastewater from the construction ceramics industry can be reused and can be basically not discharged. The wastewater reuse rate of sanitary ceramics enterprises is not lower than 90%, the daily use and furnishings art porcelain industrial enterprises production wastewater reuse rate is not less than 50%. 5.1.3.2 Direct recycling of wastewater from ball milling process The ball mill process wastewater can be directly recycled to the ball milling process after being classified and recovered, and stored in situ, to avoid mixing with other types of production wastewater. Shorten the production wastewater treatment process. This technology can reduce the amount of fresh water used in the ball milling process by about 30% to 50%. Suitable for site process layout conditions The blank or glaze ball milling process. 5.2 Pollution Control Technology 5.2.1 Air pollution control technology 5.2.1.1 General requirements a) Ceramic industrial enterprises should select flue gas treatment technology according to the initial emission concentration and emission limit of atmospheric pollutants, and operate in the treatment technology In the process, it is advisable to adjust the treatment efficiency according to the emission requirements. b) Dry-formed building ceramics and dry-formed special ceramics should be dedusted by the kiln flue gas generated during the rolling process of the roller kiln 5 and desulfurization treatment, spray drying tower flue gas should be dedusted. c) The desulfurization slurry circulation pump of the wet desulfurization system, the process water pump and the reducing agent pump of the denitration system should be spared. d) Enterprises equipped with automatic monitoring system for atmospheric pollutants, the operation control system of flue gas desulfurization and denitration facilities should be able to be based on the discharge port The automatic monitoring data of atmospheric pollutants was adjusted in time. 5.2.1.2 Particle pollution control technology a) bag dust removal technology Suitable for particles produced by ceramic raw material preparation, dry pressing, blanking and post-processing, as well as particulate matter in spray drying tower flue gas Capture. Because the spray drying tower flue gas has a large moisture content, is corrosive, and the temperature fluctuation range is large during the operation of the tower and the washing tower (80~ 250 °C), high concentration of particulate matter (8000 ~ 12000 mg/m3) on the filter material wear and other characteristics, bag filter should be acid and corrosion resistant Corrosion, abrasion resistant and water repellent filter media. The bag filter for the spray drying tower flue gas particulate matter treatment has the following characteristics. the operating temperature is usually Less than 250 °C, and according to summer and winter and north-south differences, generally higher than the smoke dew point temperature of 10 ° C or more than 15 ° C; when using chemical fiber filter When the filtration wind speed is generally 0.8-1.0 m/min, the system resistance of the dust collector is usually less than 1500 Pa, and the particulate matter concentration of the dust collector is passed. Often less than 20 mg/m3. b) Wet electrostatic precipitator technology It is suitable for the deep treatment of flue gas after wet desulfurization system or spray dedusting system, and has the synergistic effect of removing SO3 and aerosol. Wet The inside of the electrostatic precipitator should have good anti-corrosion measures. The inlet particle concentration should generally be controlled at 30-60 mg/m3, and the outlet particle row should be controlled. The concentration is usually less than 10 mg/m3. c) Other dust removal technologies Other dust removal technologies include cyclone dust removal, water film dust removal and spray dust removal technologies. Cyclone dust removal can be used for primary dust removal in spray drying tower In order to recover large particle materials, water film dust removal technology is suitable for sanitary ceramics, daily use and furnishings art porcelain glaze process particle treatment, spray dust removal The technology is usually used to reduce the dust before discharge after wet desulfu......Tips & Frequently Asked Questions:Question 1: How long will the true-PDF of HJ 2304-2018_English be delivered?Answer: Upon your order, we will start to translate HJ 2304-2018_English as soon as possible, and keep you informed of the progress. The lead time is typically 3 ~ 5 working days. The lengthier the document the longer the lead time.Question 2: Can I share the purchased PDF of HJ 2304-2018_English with my colleagues?Answer: Yes. 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