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Basic dataStandard ID: HJ 2016-2012 (HJ2016-2012)Description (Translated English): Terminology of environmental engineering Sector / Industry: Environmental Protection Industry Standard Classification of Chinese Standard: Z00 Classification of International Standard: 13.020 Word Count Estimation: 33,332 Regulation (derived from): Department of Environmental Protection Notice No. 21 of 2012; Issuing agency(ies): Ministry of Ecology and Environment Summary: This standard specifies the water pollution control engineering, air pollution control, solid waste pollution control engineering, noise and vibration pollution control engineering, control engineering electromagnetic radiation pollution, contaminated soi HJ 2016-2012: Terminology of environmental engineering---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.Terminology of environmental engineering HJ Environmental Protection Standards Environmental engineering terminology Published on.2012-03-19 2012-06-01 Implementation Ministry of Environmental Protection released table of Contents1 Scope..1 2 Environmental Engineering Basic Terminology.1 3 Water pollution control engineering terminology 1 4 Air Pollution Control Engineering Terminology 12 5 Solid waste pollution control engineering terminology.17 6 Noise and Vibration Pollution Control Engineering Terminology 24 7 Electromagnetic Radiation Pollution Control Engineering Terminology.28 8 Contaminated soil and groundwater remediation engineering terminology..30ForewordThis standard is formulated for the purpose of implementing the Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China and regulating the use of environmental engineering terminology. This standard specifies the Chinese and English names and definitions of environmental engineering terminology. This standard is the first release. This standard was formulated by the Science and Technology Standards Department of the Ministry of Environmental Protection. This standard is mainly drafted by. China Environmental Protection Industry Association (Solid Waste Treatment and Utilization Committee), Beijing Guohuan Tsinghua Environmental Engineering Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd. This standard was approved by the Ministry of Environmental Protection on March 19,.2012. This standard has been implemented since June 1,.2012. This standard is explained by the Ministry of Environmental Protection. Environmental engineering terminology1 Scope of applicationThis standard specifies water pollution control engineering, air pollution control engineering, solid waste pollution control engineering, noise and vibration. Terminology and definitions commonly used in pollution control engineering, electromagnetic radiation pollution control engineering, and contaminated soil remediation engineering. This standard applies to terminology used in the fields of environmental engineering design, project management, construction, operation and technical exchange.2 Environmental Engineering Basic Terms2.1 Environmental engineering Protect the natural environment and natural resources, prevent and control environmental pollution, repair the ecological environment, improve the living environment and the quality of urban environment Construction projects and engineering facilities. [HJ/T 416-2007, definition 9.2] 2.2 water pollution control engineering Projects to prevent pollution of the water environment, improve and maintain the quality of the water environment, and realize the recycling of sewage. 2.3 air pollution control engineering Projects to combat and mitigate atmospheric pollution caused by human production and living activities. 2.4 solid waste pollution control engineering Reduce the generation of solid waste, fully rational use and harmless treatment of solid waste to prevent it from polluting the environment Dyeing works. 2.5 noise pollution control engineering noise pollution control engineering Reduce the noise radiation from the sound source and control the propagation and reception of noise. 2.6 vibration pollution control engineering A project that weakens the vibration of an object and prevents its propagation. 2.7 Electromagnetic radiation pollution control engineering A project to prevent harmful effects from electromagnetic radiation. 2.8 Contaminated soil remediation engineering Works to repair contaminated soil environments.3 Water pollution control engineering terminology3.1 Basic terminology 3.1.1 water pollution The change of the chemical, physical, biological or radioactive properties of a water body due to the intervention of a substance, thereby Affect the effective use of water, endanger human health or damage the ecological environment, causing deterioration of water quality. 3.1.2 sewage wastewater A general term for water discharged during production and living activities. [GB 8978-1996, definition 3.1] 3.1.3 Sludge sludge Semi-solid or solid matter produced during wastewater treatment, excluding grid slag, scum and grit. 3.1.4 Wastewater reuse wastewater reuse The general term for the recovery, recycling and utilization of sewage, including the purification and reuse of sewage, the realization of the entire process of water cycle. 3.1.5 physical treatment of wastewater A physical treatment method that removes pollutants from sewage by physical principles and methods. 3.1.6 chemical treatment of wastewater A sewage treatment method for removing pollutants in sewage by using chemical principles and methods. 3.1.7 physical chemical treatment of wastewater A system that uses a combination of physical and chemical reactions to treat wastewater or a single physical operation and chemical unit process Sewage treatment method. 3.1.8 biological treatment of wastewater A sewage treatment method that utilizes the metabolism of microorganisms to decompose pollutants in water. 3.1.9 natural treatment of wastewater A sewage treatment method that uses natural biological action to remove pollutants from sewage. 3.1.10 sludge treatment The process of reducing, stabilizing and detoxifying sludge. 3.1.11 Sludge disposal The final treatment of the treated sludge to achieve long-term stability and no harmful effects on human health and the ecological environment the way. 3.2 Physical sewage treatment 3.2.1 Adjusting regulating To stabilize and balance the water volume and water quality (concentration, water temperature, etc.) of the sewage, thereby improving the treatability of the sewage. Cheng. 3.2.2 oil separation The process of separating and removing oil in suspension from sewage is utilized by utilizing the difference in specific gravity between oil and water. 3.2.3 physical precipitation The process of removing suspended solids in water by gravity sedimentation by utilizing the specific gravity of the suspended solids to be greater than the characteristics of water. 3.2.4 sedimentation tank sedimentation tank A structure that uses gravity to precipitate and remove suspended solids from water. 3.2.5 grit chamber grit chamber The natural sedimentation is used to remove sand or other structures of inorganic particles with a large specific gravity. 3.2.6 primary sedimentation tank primary sedimentation tank A sedimentation tank located in front of the biological treatment structure to reduce the concentration of solids in the sewage. 3.2.7 secondary sedimentation tank A sedimentation tank located behind the biological treatment structure for separation of sludge from water. 3.2.8 settling time settling time The time required to treat the sewage by sedimentation to a certain degree of treatment. Also known as the stop in the sedimentation tank and grit chamber time. 3.2.9 Clarification of clarification A sewage treatment method that uses muddy water separation by contact cohesion and precipitation. 3.2.10 filtration filtration A method of filtering impurities in water using a medium. 3.2.11 Evaporation evaporation The process of sewage purification is realized by vaporizing water by heat treatment. 3.2.12 Single effect evaporation single-effect evaporation Also known as single-stage evaporation. After the evaporative heat treatment of the sewage, the generated steam is no longer used as the evaporation point of the evaporation heat source. Process. 3.2.13 Multi-effect evaporation multi-effect evaporation Also known as multi-stage evaporation. The steam generated by the first stage evaporation of the sewage is used as the heat source for the next-stage evaporation treatment. process. 3.2.14 thin film evaporation thin membrane evaporation The sewage forms a film on the wall of the evaporator, which causes the evaporation process of water vaporization. 3.2.15 Vacuum evaporation vacuum evaporation Also known as evaporation under reduced pressure. A treatment method that performs an evaporation operation at subatmospheric pressure. 3.2.16 centrifugal separation The liquid-solid, liquid-liquid or liquid-liquid-solid separation process is achieved by centrifugal force generated by a high-speed rotating liquid stream. 3.2.17 magnetic separation process The method of using magnetic force to overcome the effects of gravity, inertia force and viscous force against the balance, and to settle and separate the particles after coagulation. 3.3 Chemical wastewater treatment 3.3.1 Neutralization and neutralization Chemically remove excess acid and base from water to achieve a neutral pH. 3.3.2 redox oxidation-reduction reaction By adding a chemical (oxidant or reducing agent) to the sewage, it reacts with the pollutants in the sewage and is removed. the process of. 3.3.3 advanced oxidation processes, AOPs The process of oxidative degradation of contaminants in sewage that cannot be oxidized by ordinary oxidants by generating hydroxyl radicals. 3.3.4 photocatalytic oxidation The method of treating pollutants in sewage by utilizing the catalysis of light and the oxidation of an oxidant is one of advanced oxidation. 3.3.5 Ozone oxidation ozonation Use ozone gas as a strong oxidant to pass into the water layer (or contact with water) to carry out oxidation reaction to remove pollutants from the water. Cheng is a kind of advanced oxidation. 3.3.6 wet oxidation wet-oxidation process Degradation of organic matter in water to simple inorganic substances with high temperature and high pressure with air or pure oxygen in the presence or absence of a catalyst The method is a kind of advanced oxidation. 3.3.7 alkaline chlorination process A method of oxidizing cyanide in a sewage with a chlorine-based oxidizing agent to remove it under alkaline conditions. 3.3.8 chemical precipitation Adding a chemical substance to the sewage to chemically react with certain dissolved substances in the sewage to form poorly soluble in water or The process of precipitating water-insoluble compounds. 3.3.9 Electrolytic treatment The process of purifying the sewage by using an electrolytic reaction to cause a redox reaction on the electrode. 3.3.10 electrochemical treatment equipment By means of the action of the direct current electric field, the pollutants in the sewage are redoxed at the anode and the cathode respectively, resulting in no A device that is soluble in water or a gas to purify the sewage. 3.3.11 electric coagulation equipment A coagulation device that electrochemically produces hydroxide as a flocculant and reacts with contaminants in water. 3.3.12 Disinfection disinfection The process of inactivating pathogens in sewage. 3.3.13 chemical disinfection A method of disinfecting water by adding chemicals. 3.3.14 ozone disinfection by ozone A method of disinfecting water with ozone. 3.3.15 UV disinfection disinfection with ultraviolet rays A method of disinfecting water by using ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of.200 nm to 280 nm. 3.3.16 sodium hypochlorite disinfection disinfection by sodium hypochlorite A method of disinfecting water using sodium hypochlorite (NaClO). 3.3.17 residual chlorine After chlorination treatment, chlorine still exists in the water, which is still oxidizing, to inhibit the re-growth of bacteria. 3.4 Physical and chemical treatment of sewage treatment 3.4.1 extraction solvent extraction or liquid-liquid extraction Using the difference in solubility of the solute in water and solvent, the solute in the sewage is dissolved in a solvent that is immiscible with water, and then The solvent is separated from the moisture layer. 3.4.2 strip distillation The use of steam as a desorbent to promote the transfer of volatile pollutants from the sewage to the gas phase and the separation of pollutants from the sewage. 3.4.3 blow off the blow-off method When air is passed through the water layer (or in contact with water), volatile substances dissolved in water enter the gas phase, and the water is obtained. Water treatment process. 3.4.4 Adsorption adsorption At the phase interface, the concentration of the substance automatically accumulates or concentrates. Mainly use solid matter table in sewage treatment Facing the adsorption of substances in sewage. 3.4.5 Desorption desorption The process of regenerating the adsorbent by allowing the adsorbed component to precipitate from the saturated adsorbent. 3.4.6 adsorption cycle adsorption cycle The time elapsed from the start of use of the adsorbent to saturation, ie the time interval between two adsorbent regenerations. 3.4.7 adsorption balance adsorption balance The adsorbent is saturated, and the adsorption rate is equal to the desorption rate. 3.4.8 adsorption capacity The mass of the adsorbate adsorbed by the unit mass adsorbent when the adsorption equilibrium is reached. 3.4.9 ion exchanger ion exchang agent A substance capable of performing equivalent ion exchange with ions in an aqueous solution. The ion exchanger used in water treatment is mainly sulfonated Coal and ion exchange resins. 3.4.10 ion exchange ion exchange The action or phenomenon of exchange of ions in a solution with ions on an ion exchanger. 3.4.11 ion exchange resin ion exchang resin An insoluble polymer electrolyte having a network structure and having a reactive group. 3.4.12 ion exchange agent regeneration generation of ion exchange agent The process of regenerating the ion exchange capacity of a spent ion exchanger with a regenerative agent. 3.4.13 ion exchanger bed expansion rate ion exchange bed expansion rate The percentage of expansion of the exchanger layer as the water flows back through the exchanger layer during backwashing. 3.4.14 ion exchange unit ion exchange equipment A device that treats or recovers impurities in water using an ion exchanger. 3.4.15 regenerant consumption The actual amount of regenerant required to recover the ion exchange capacity of the failed ion exchanger when 1 kg of calcium carbonate is used. Bill of measurement The position is usually expressed in kg/kg CaCO3. 3.4.16 regeneration period The time between the two regenerations of the ion exchange resin. 3.4.17 ion exchanger working exchange capacity ion exchanger operating capacity The ion exchanger starts from the start of operation until the amount of ions removed by the effluent exceeds the required amount, and the unit volume The amount of ions absorbed by the exchanger. 3.4.18 air float air floation The process of separating and removing pollutants from sewage by flocculation and flotation. 3.4.19 coagulation Adding a medicament to destroy the stable dispersion formed by the colloid and the suspension in the liquid, causing it to aggregate and increase to a natural gravity point. The process of leaving. 3.4.20 Coagulant coagulant An agent that destabilizes and agglomerates the colloidal particles, thereby allowing them to settle quickly or more easily. 3.4.21 Coagulant flocculation aid Auxiliary agents added to improve flocculation conditions and effects when the coagulant alone does not achieve the desired effect. 3.4.22 membrane separation A method of separating or concentrating ions or molecules in water by selective permeation of a membrane. 3.4.23 Membrane flux The volume of water produced per unit of filter area per unit time. 3.4.24 membrane separation device membrane separation equipment A device for treating sewage by a membrane separation method. 3.4.25 microfiltration microfiltration, MF Under the action of pressure, the sewage is passed through a membrane with a pore diameter of 0.05 μm to 5 μm to intercept the pollutants in the sewage. 3.4.26 Ultrafiltration ultrafiltration, UF Under the action of pressure, the sewage is passed through a membrane with a pore size of 5 nm to 100 nm to trap the pollutants in the sewage. 3.4.27 nanofiltration nanofiltration, NF Membrane separation for the removal of multivalent ions, partially monovalent ions and organic compounds with molecular weights from.200 to.2000 under pressure process. 3.4.28 reverse osmosis reverse osmosis, RO Applying an external pressure higher than the osmotic pressure of the solution on the raw water side of the membrane, allowing the solvent to pass through the semipermeable membrane, while other substances in the solution The mass is blocked on the high pressure side of the membrane, thereby achieving a process of efficient separation. 3.4.29 Electrodialysis, ED Under the action of an electric field, the cation and cation exchange membranes are used to selectively permeate the anion and cation in the aqueous solution, so that the ions are transmitted. The process by which the ion exchange membrane undergoes migration. 3.5 Biological wastewater treatment 3.5.1 sludge retention age, SRT The average residence time of activated sludge throughout the biological treatment structure. 3.5.2 sludge load sludge loading The amount of organic matter removed per unit time by the unit mass activated sludge in the biological treatment structure. Unit of measurement kgBOD5/(kgMLSS·d) indicates that it is a means of expressing the organic load of the biological treatment structure. 3.5.3 Five-day biochemical oxygen demand volume load BOD5-volume loading rate The biological capacity of the biological treatment structure per unit of daily five-day biochemical oxygen demand. The unit of measurement is in kgBOD5/(m3·d) Show. 3.5.4 Activated sludge process activated sludge process A method of biological treatment of sewage. The method is to continuously mix the microbial population in the sewage under artificial conditions. Cultivate, form activated sludge in suspension state, decompose and remove organic pollutants in sewage, and separate sludge from water, partially contaminated The mud is returned to the biological reaction tank, and the excess is discharged as excess sludge to the activated sludge system. [GB/T 50125-2010, definition 3.2.78] 3.5.5 Anaerobic zone The non-oxygenated zone of the bioreactor and the absence of nitrate or nitrite. Polyphosphate microorganisms absorb organic matter in anaerobic zone And release phosphorus. [GB/T 50125-2010, definition 3.2.104] 3.5.6 Anoxic zone The non-oxygenated zone of the bioreactor and the zone where nitrate or nitrite is present. The bioreactor contains a lot of nitric acid When the salt, nitrite and sufficient organic matter are obtained, the denitrification reaction can be carried out in the zone. [GB/T 50125-2010, definition 3.2.105] 3.5.7 Aerobic zone oxic zone The oxygenation zone of the bioreactor. Microorganisms degrade organic matter and perform nitrification reactions in the aerobic zone. [GB/T 50125-2010, definition 3.2.103] 3.5.8 Nitrification nitrification The process of oxidizing ammonia nitrogen in water to nitrate nitrogen using nitrifying bacteria. 3.5.9 Denitrification denitrification The process of reducing nitrate nitrogen in water to gaseous nitrogen using denitrifying bacteria. 3.5.10 biological nitrogen removal Using aerobic bacteria to oxidize ammonia nitrogen in sewage to nitrate nitrogen under aerobic conditions, and then using anaerobic bacteria under anoxic conditions The process of reducing nitrate nitrogen to nitrogen and removing nitrogen from sewage. 3.5.11 Biological phosphorus removal biological phosphorus removal The phosphorus-producing bacteria in the sludge release ......Tips & Frequently Asked Questions:Question 1: How long will the true-PDF of HJ 2016-2012_English be delivered?Answer: Upon your order, we will start to translate HJ 2016-2012_English as soon as possible, and keep you informed of the progress. 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