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Delivery: <= 3 days. True-PDF full-copy in English will be manually translated and delivered via email. HJ 1169-2021: (National Ecological Status Survey and Evaluation Technical Specifications-Wetland Ecosystem Field Observation) Status: Valid
Basic dataStandard ID: HJ 1169-2021 (HJ1169-2021)Description (Translated English): (National Ecological Status Survey and Evaluation Technical Specifications-Wetland Ecosystem Field Observation) Sector / Industry: Environmental Protection Industry Standard Word Count Estimation: 11,113 Issuing agency(ies): Ministry of Ecology and Environment HJ 1169-2021: (National Ecological Status Survey and Evaluation Technical Specifications-Wetland Ecosystem Field Observation)---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order. (National Ecological Status Survey and Evaluation Technical Specifications-Wetland Ecosystem Field Observation) National Ecological Environment Standard of the People's Republic of China National Ecological Status Survey and Evaluation Technical Specification -- Field observations of wetland ecosystems Technical specification for investigation and assessment of national ecological status -Field observation of wetland ecosystem This electronic version is the official standard text, which is reviewed and typeset by the Environmental Standards Institute of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment. Published on 2021-05-12 2021-08-01 Implementation Released by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment directory Foreword...ii 1 Scope...1 2 Normative references...1 3 Terms and Definitions...1 4 General...2 5 Technical process...2 6 Types of wetland ecosystems...2 7 Field Observation Plot Selection and Plot Setting...2 8 Field observation index system...3 9 Field observation techniques and methods...4 Appendix A (Normative Appendix) Field Observation Form...7 National Ecological Status Survey and Evaluation Technical Specification -- Field observations of wetland ecosystems 1 Scope of applicationThis standard specifies the general principles, technical procedures, sample plot selection and quadratic setting for field observation of wetland ecosystems, field observation Requirements for the indicator system and field observation techniques and methods. This standard is applicable to the field observation of terrestrial wetland ecosystems in the national and provincial administrative regions, and other geographical areas may refer to this standard for implementation.2 Normative referencesThis standard refers to the following documents or clauses thereof. For dated references, only the dated version applies to this standard. For undated references, the latest edition (including all amendments) applies to this standard. GB 3838 Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water GB/T 27648 Monitoring Index System of Important Wetlands GB/T 36197 Soil Quality Soil Sampling Technical Guide HJ 615 Determination of Soil Organic Carbon Potassium Dichromate Oxidation-Spectrophotometric Method HJ 710.8 Biodiversity Observation Technical Guidelines for Freshwater Benthic Macroinvertebrates HJ 710.12 Biodiversity Observation Technical Guidelines for Aquatic Vascular Plants HJ 1166 National Ecological Status Survey and Evaluation Technical Specifications--Ecosystem Remote Sensing Interpretation and Field Verification LY/T 1213 Determination of Forest Soil Moisture Content LY/T 2090 Wetland Ecosystem Orientation Observation Index System LY/T 2258 Technical Specifications for Modeling Methods of Standing Tree Biomass LY/T 2259 Technical specification for sample collection for stumbling biomass modeling NY/T 1121 Soil Testing Series Standards SL 276 Hydrological Infrastructure Construction and Technical Equipment Standard3 Terms and DefinitionsThe following terms and definitions apply to this standard. 3.1 wetland ecosystem Ecosystems in which wetland plants grow on the surface too wet or with perennial standing water, including swamps, lakes and river wetlands in this standard. 3.2 swamp wetland Has areas affected by fresh, brackish or salt water, where the surface is often over-wet or has thin layers of water; growing swampy and partially wet, watery Phytophthora or halophytes; 3 basic characteristics of natural plants with peat accumulation or, although no peat accumulation, with a distinct trophic layer in the soil layer Complex. 3.3 lake wetland Wetlands formed by the process of swamping of the lake itself and its banks or shallow lakes. 3.4 river wetland Wetlands formed by swamping of rivers, riverbeds, banks and floodplains, including rivers themselves.4 GeneralField observations of wetland ecosystems should follow the principles of normativity, operability, advancement, and economic and technical feasibility.5 Technical processThis standard formulates the identification of wetland ecosystem types, the setting of sample plots, the construction of observation index system, and the definition of field observation techniques and methods. and other technical processes, as shown in Figure 1.6 Types of wetland ecosystemsAccording to the ecosystem classification system in HJ 1166, the types of wetland ecosystems include swamp wetlands, lake wetlands and river wetlands.7 Field observation plot selection and plot setting7.1 Plot selection 7.1.1 The selection of sample plots should be representative and typical, and avoid the selection of sample plots in areas with unclear ownership and frequent changes. 7.1.2 Field sampling generally relies on existing fixed sample plots, and is appropriately arranged according to the actual situation of each region, such as in the staggered and The number of plots can be appropriately increased in complex areas, and the number of plots can be appropriately reduced in areas with a single type. 7.1.3 For the observation object, if possible, select at least 2 sample plots that can represent the observation object, the surface coverage is relatively uniform, The sample area is 10,000 m2. 7.2 Layout of plots 7.2.1 The plots should reflect the changing characteristics of various wetland ecosystems with terrain, soil and human environment, etc. in 3 replicates. 7.2.2 Set different square sizes according to different vegetation types of wetlands. The forest wetland sample size is 20 m × 20 m, and the shrub wetland is 10 m × 10 m, and the size of the herbaceous wetland sample is 1 m × 1 m. 7.2.3 For homogeneous ground sample plots, simple random sampling should be performed in the area instead of the overall distribution. 7.2.4 For non-uniform ground sample plots, stratified sampling should be carried out according to the degree of spatial heterogeneity within the sample plot, requiring relatively uniformity within the stratum, and sampling within the stratum. Local uniform sampling is carried out within the layer to express the parameters of each layer.8 Field observation index systemField observations of wetland ecosystems are mainly carried out for swamp wetlands, lake wetlands, and river wetlands, including wetland type indicators, ecological indicators, hydrological indicators and soil indicators. According to different observation contents, different field observation indicators are set (Table 1). Observation result record parameter See Table A.1 to Table A.2 in Appendix A.9 Field observation techniques and methods9.1 Types of wetlands According to the size of the survey scope, use the method of field survey to determine the wetland type. 9.2 Wetland vegetation types Using the sample method, classify and count vegetation types in different quadrats, and classify and count multiple quadrats in the same wetland type area. As a result, the dominant type is used to determine the vegetation type of the wetland. 9.3 Vegetation Coverage The vegetation coverage of wetland ecosystems was observed by a combination of visual and photographic methods. Use higher pixel camera to obtain vegetation cover The digital photos of the cover were taken repeatedly for 2 to 3 times. Finally, the vegetation coverage of each photo was calculated separately, and the average value was taken as the vegetation coverage of the plot. Spend. For areas that are not easily recognized by the camera, the vegetation coverage is observed by visual observation. 9.4 Leaf Area Index The leaf area index of wetland vegetation is measured by a leaf area meter or a canopy analyzer, as follows. a) For taller herbs and woody plants, use the leaf area index instrument to measure, and then calculate the quadratic mean leaf area index. The sampling points are distributed at equal intervals along the two diagonal diagonal lines of the sample plot, and the distance between the two points is not more than 5 m, and each diagonal line is observed at least 8 times; b) For a large number of dwarf grasses, sparse and low herbs, the canopy analyzer is used to measure, and the canopy analyzer is placed in the herb community grass Below this layer, the entire community is scanned to obtain the total leaf area index of the community. 9.5 Canopy closure During the survey of forest canopy density in wetlands, several points were mechanically arranged at intervals of 3-5 m in the forest, and the presence or absence of canopy coverage was observed at each point. The canopy closure was calculated according to the ratio of the number of points with canopy coverage to the total number of points. Closed forests above 0.70 (including 0.70) are dense forests, 0.20 to 0.69 It is moderate canopy closure, and below 0.20 (excluding 0.20) is sparse forest. 9.6 Woody biomass 9.6.1 For forest communities in wetlands, the biomass observation content is mainly aboveground biomass, including the observation of standing trees and the lower part of the canopy. The sum of the biomass in the lower part of the canopy is the biomass of the plot, as follows. a) Aboveground biomass observation of standing trees. measure all trees in the plot to obtain ground observation data such as tree height and DBH, etc. Calculated according to the allometric growth equation, the sampling and equation calculation methods are specifically implemented in accordance with the relevant requirements of LY/T 2258 and LY/T 2259. The total value of the standing tree biomass was calculated and divided by the area of the plot to obtain the standing tree biomass with an area of 1 m2; b) Biomass observation in the lower part of the canopy. Within the quadrat, randomly select no less than 4 areas, and collect all the above-ground vegetation respectively, which are called The fresh weight was measured, and no less than 5% of the samples were taken from it, dried at 105 °C to constant weight and weighed as dry weight to obtain the water content of the plant, and then to obtain the actual measurement. The aboveground biomass was calculated, and the total biomass was calculated and divided by the plot area as the biomass per unit area in the lower part of the canopy. 9.6.2 The underground biomass of woody plants is calculated according to the root-shoot ratio, and the sampling and equation calculation methods are based on LY/T 2558 and LY/T 2559 related requirements are implemented. 9.7 Herbal biomass 9.7.1 For wetland grassland communities, the field observation of biomass should be carried out during the peak period of plant growth. The main method is to All the green parts above the ground of the plants in the plot are cut off with scissors evenly on the ground, and they are put into envelope bags according to the plot, regardless of species, and marked. right After the collected samples were weighed for fresh weight, they were dried at 65 °C to a constant weight and weighed for dry weight. The dry weight values in multiple sample squares were averaged to obtain a unit area (1 m2). biomass. 9.7.2 Subsurface biomass. obtain the root-shoot ratio of the plot range through the actual measurement of a certain amount of plots, and calculate other samples according to the measured root-shoot ratio. square underground biomass. 9.8 Dominant species The photographic method was mainly used to measure the dominant species of vegetation. Investigate the composition of plant communities in the wetland ecosystem observation area. Take digital photos of dominant species with a camera and record them. 9.9 Characteristics of benthic communities Through the sampling method, the diversity index of benthic animals in lake wetlands and river wetlands was observed, according to the relevant HJ 710.8 require execution. 9.10 Aquatic vegetation The species, population quantity and distribution of aquatic vegetation are observed through the sampling method, and the specific implementation is carried out in accordance with the relevant requirements of HJ 710.12. 9.11 Wetland evapotranspiration By setting up the instrument for the observation quadrat, it can be directly observed or measured by the turbulent exchange method. The direct observation of the instrument mainly adopts the lysimeter. A container filled with soil with bare or growing vegetation on the surface to measure the total water consumption by soil evaporation and plant transpiration. turbulent exchange method The eddy correlator is mainly used to measure the wetland evapotranspiration, which is installed on the surface level and uniform sample plot. 9.12 Water depth Measured by automatic water level monitoring system. The water level measuring instruments and methods are specifically implemented in accordance with the relevant requirements of GB/T 27648. 9.13 Runoff Usually, river runoff observation is carried out by relying on existing hydrological observation stations; Select runoff observation points on wide river channels, install runoff observation facilities, and try to use automatic observation instruments (such as flow meters) for observation. The construction of hydrological infrastructure is carried out in accordance with the relevant requirements of SL 276. 9.14 Water quality Determination is made according to the standard limits of basic items of different water area functions and protection objectives, and the specific measurement items and grading standards are based on The relevant requirements of GB 3838 shall be implemented. 9.15 Soil organic carbon density Soil organic carbon density was determined by potassium dichromate oxidation-spectrophotometry. Set the quadrat according to the wetland vegetation type, each quadra No less than 3 topsoil samples, 2 to 3 soil profiles for each community, and stratified sampling. Soil sampling according to HJ 615 and The relevant requirements of GB/T 36197 shall be implemented. 9.16 Soil moisture The soil moisture sensor is used to measure, and the soil moisture sensor is buried at a depth of 5 cm. It can also be divided into different buried depths to obtain more Layer soil moisture observation results, specific implementation according to the relevant requirements of LY/T 1213. 9.17 Physical and chemical properties of sediment Using the sampling method to sample the physical and chemical properties of the sediment soil bulk density, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the wetland ecosystem, according to NY/T 1121 And the relevant requirements of LY/T 2090 are implemented. 9.18 Soil permeability The infiltration capacity of the wetland ecosystem soil was observed by the ring knife method, which was specifically implemented in accordance with the relevant requirements of NY/T 1121. ......Tips & Frequently Asked Questions:Question 1: How long will the true-PDF of HJ 1169-2021_English be delivered?Answer: Upon your order, we will start to translate HJ 1169-2021_English as soon as possible, and keep you informed of the progress. The lead time is typically 1 ~ 3 working days. 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