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GB/T 4162-2022: Method for ultrasonic testing of forged and rolled steel bars Delivery: 9 seconds. True-PDF full-copy in English & invoice will be downloaded + auto-delivered via email. See step-by-step procedure Status: Valid GB/T 4162: Historical versions
GB/T 4162-2022: Method for ultrasonic testing of forged and rolled steel bars---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT4162-2022NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ICS 77.040.20 CCS H 26 Replacing GB/T 4162-2008 Method for ultrasonic testing of forged and rolled steel bars Issued on. APRIL 15, 2022 Implemented on. NOVEMBER 01, 2022 Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation; Standardization Administration of PRC. Table of ContentsForeword... 3 1 Scope... 5 2 Normative references... 5 3 Terms and definitions... 6 4 General requirements... 6 5 Instruments and equipment... 6 6 Comparative test blocks... 7 7 Testing procedures... 10 8 Testing program... 11 9 Evaluation of testing results... 13 10 Quality levels... 15 11 Testing records and testing reports... 15 References... 16ForewordThis document was drafted in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020 "Directives for standardization - Part 1.Rules for the structure and drafting of standardizing documents". This document replaces GB/T 4162-2008 "Forged and rolled steel bars - Method for ultrasonic testing". Compared with GB/T 4162-2008, except for structural adjustment and editorial changes, the main technical changes are as follows. a) CHANGE the scope of application "diameter (thickness) 12 mm ~ 250 mm" to "diameter not less than 6 mm" (see Chapter 1; Chapter 1 of the 2008 edition); b) CHANGE that "The liquid immersion method uses water as couplant" to "The liquid immersion technique usually uses water as couplant; it may also use oil” (see 4.2.1; 4.3.1 of the 2008 edition); c) ADD other forms of probes (see 5.2); d) CHANGE the range of "probe element diameter (side length)" (see 5.2.1; 4.5.2.1 of the 2008 edition); e) ADD the machining requirements for the reference test block AND the height difference of the primary bottom wave of the tested steel bar (see 6.1); f) ADD the requirements of "Testing procedures" (see Chapter 7); g) MODIFY the requirements of "Testing method" (see 8.1; 5.1 of the 2008 edition); h) ADD the adjustment method of wave height and setting sensitivity of DGS method of the reflector of the contrast test block, when the DAC curve or TCG curve is used (see 8.2.5); i) ADD the requirements for gate width setting, during automatic detection (see 8.2.7); j) MODIFY the requirements for scanning speed (see 8.2.10; 5.2.9 of the 2008 edition); k) MODIFY the review of system sensitivity review (see 8.2.11; 5.2.10 of the 2008 edition); l) MODIFY the evaluation method of back wave loss (see 9.2; 6.2 of the 2008 edition); m) MODIFY the evaluation method of long strip defects (see 9.4.1.3; 6.4.1.3 of the 2008 edition); n) ADD that the relationship between the transverse hole and the flat-bottom hole can be used as a reference, in the longitudinal wave detection (see Table 4). Please note that some content of this document may be patented. The issuing agency of this document assumes no responsibility for identifying patents. This document was proposed by China Iron and Steel Association. This document shall be under the jurisdiction of the National Steel Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC 183). Drafting organizations of this standard. Baowu Special Metallurgy Co., Ltd., Wuhan Zhongke Innovation Technology Co., Ltd., Zhongke Xiwang Special Steel Co., Ltd., Fushun Special Steel Co., Ltd., Nanjing Iron and Steel Co., Ltd., Metallurgical Industry Information Standards Research Institute, Orivision (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd. The main drafters of this document. Luo Jingjing, Jiang Yimin, Lin Guanghui, Hu Xiaoqiang, Wang Lijuan, Che Mingzhen, Dong Li, Lin Xinbo, Zhao Chun, Han Zhixiong, Feng Shaobo, Lu Wei, Xue Jianzhong, Zhi Weizhong, Gui Linlin, Wang Yongling. This document was first published in 1984.It was revised for the first time in 1991.It was revised for the second time in 2008.This is the third revision. Method for ultrasonic testing of forged and rolled steel bars1 ScopeThis document specifies the general requirements, instruments and equipment, comparative test blocks, testing procedures, testing program, evaluation of testing results, quality grades, testing records, testing reports, for the ultrasonic testing of forged and rolled steel bars (hereinafter referred to as "steel bars"). This document is applicable to the ultrasonic pulse reflection detection of steel bars, which have a diameter of not less than 6 mm. The forged and rolled bars or non-bars, which have other specifications or materials, may make reference to this standard. This document does not apply to the testing of austenitic coarse-grained steel bars.2 Normative referencesThe provisions in following documents become the provisions of this Standard through reference in this Standard. For the dated references, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable to this document; for the undated documents, only the latest version (including all the amendments) is applicable to this standard. GB/T 9445 Non-destructive testing - Qualification and certification of NDT personnel GB/T 12604.1 Non-destructive testing - Terminology - Ultrasonic testing GB/T 18694 Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic inspection - Characterization of search unit and sound field GB/T 18852 Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic testing - Reference blocks and test procedures for the characterization of contact probe sound beams JB/T 10061 Commonly used specification for A-mode ultrasonic flaw detector using pulse echo technique JB/T 11731 Non-destructive testing - General specification for ultrasonic phased array probe JJG 746 Verification regulation for ultrasonic flaw detectors3 Terms and definitionsTerms and definitions, which are defined in GB/T 12604.1, apply to this document.4 General requirements4.1 Personnel qualifications Personnel, who are engaged in ultrasonic testing of steel bars, shall participate in the training, according to the requirements of GB/T 9445 or corresponding documents, meanwhile obtain the ultrasonic testing qualification certificate. Anyone who issues a test report shall obtain a level 2 or above ultrasonic testing qualification certificate. 4.2 Couplant 4.2.1 The liquid immersion technique usually uses water as a couplant; however, oil can also be used. The couplant shall be free of air bubbles or foreign substances, that affect ultrasonic testing. A suitable rust inhibitor can be added to the couplant, to prevent corrosion of the steel bar. 4.2.2 Couplant, such as oil, grease, water, water-soluble gel should be used, for the contact technology. The viscosity and surface wettability of the couplant shall be sufficient, to ensure that the ultrasonic energy is well transmitted to the steel bar.5 Instruments and equipment5.1 Ultrasonic detector 5.1.1 Performance test methods and requirements The performance of the ultrasonic detector is tested, according to the method of JB/T 10061 or JJG 746.Its indicators shall meet the following requirements. 5.1.2 Alarms Optical and/or audible alarms should be used. The triggering of the alarm shall be controlled, by adjusting the amplitude of the ultrasonic signal, which is received on the time baseline; the alarm threshold level is adjustable. 5.2 Probes 5.2.1 The frequency of the probe shall be able to meet the requirements of the ability to penetrate the steel bar to be inspected AND the resolution. It should be 2 MHz ~ 10 MHz. The diameter (side length) of the probe chip should not be greater than 28 mm. The liquid immersion probe should adopt the focusing method. 5.2.2 When the liquid immersion method is used for detection, the angle controller and mechanical control device of the probe shall be easy to adjust. 5.2.3 The parameters of the probe should be tested, according to the methods of GB/T 18694 and GB/T 18852. 5.3 Immersion tank (box) and probe regulator 5.3.1 The size of the liquid immersion tank (box), which is used for liquid immersion testing, shall ensure that the tested parts can be immersed. 5.3.2 The probe regulator shall provide adjustable angle and water layer, in two mutually perpendicular planes; it shall ensure that the probe angle and water layer are stable and reliable, during detection.6 Comparative test blocks6.1 It shall use the materials, which have the same or similar acoustic properties as the tested steel bars. The height difference of the primary bottom wave, between the tested steel bar and the reference test block, shall be within the range of ±4 dB. Use ultrasonic testing method in advance, to check the material of the comparative test block, under the condition of higher sensitivity; there shall be no echo, that affects the use. 6.3 The diameter of the flat-bottomed hole of the comparative test block shall be consistent with the diameter of the flat-bottomed hole, which is specified in 9.4.1 for the quality level of longitudinal wave testing. Other requirements for comparative test blocks, for longitudinal wave testing, are as follows. 6.4 The comparative test block for shear wave testing shall be the same as the nominal diameter of the steel bar to be tested, as shown in Table 2 and Figure 2.When the diameter of the steel bar is less than 20 mm, AND it is impossible to machine the three transverse holes of different depths, as shown in Figure 2, only one transverse hole OR two transverse holes with different buried depths can be machined.7 Testing proceduresAccording to the situation of a category of steel bars to be tested, compile the general testing procedure. OR according to special requirements, compile a special testing Streamline direction8 Testing program8.1 Testing method In addition to the provisions of the contract or related documents between the supplier and the buyer, the testing method and technology of the steel bar to be tested shall be selected by the manufacturer. If shear wave testing is required, it shall be indicated in the contract or related documents. 8.2 Testing steps 8.2.1 Check the heat number, forging (rolling) number, quantity, etc. of the steel bars to be tested; understand the relevant technical requirements. 8.2.2 The surface of the steel bar to be tested shall be free of defects, such as oxide scale, dirt, paint and pits, that affect the coupling; if any, it shall be removed by pickling, grinding or machining. 8.2.3 Scanning shall be carried out 100% of the surface of the steel bar. When the signal- to-noise ratio cannot meet the requirements, it should use a distance-amplitude correction curve (DAC) or a time-gain correction curve (TCG), which can be detected in zones. 8.2.4 During the longitudinal wave testing by the liquid immersion method, the water path shall be adjusted, so that the second interface wave from the tested steel bar does not appear, before the first bottom wave of the steel bar. During the testing, it shall adjust the perpendicularity between the probe and the workpiece, to maximize the reflected signal at the interface. During the sensitivity setting, scanning, evaluation, the difference of the water path shall not exceed ±3 mm. 8.2.6 During shear wave testing, the probe shall generate shear waves of 35° ~ 70°, in the workpiece. The echoes from each reference reflector, on the comparative test block, shall not be lower than 80% of the full amplitude of the phosphor screen. 8.2.7 During automatic scanning, the setting of the gate width shall meet the requirements of the detection range. 8.2.8 The alarm level shall be set, according to the echo amplitude of the flat-bottom hole size of multiple reflectors, which have the corresponding quality level. The echo amplitude of the flat-bottom hole size of a single reflector shall be set for levels C and D. 8.2.9 The scanning spacing shall not exceed 80% of the effective sound beam width of the probe. The effective sound beam width should be determined by the -6 dB method, which is performed by the minimum value, as measured on the reference reflector, within the range of the detected metal sound path. 8.2.10 During manual scanning, the scanning speed should not exceed 150 mm/s. During automatic scanning, when the scanning speed is the maximum, the echoes of the reference reflector, within the detection depth range in the comparative test block, can be found. 8.2.11 The sensitivity of the detection system shall be reviewed, when the following conditions are found. 8.2.12 When it is found that the scanning sensitivity is abnormal, within the detection range, all steel bars tested since the last review shall be re-inspected, OR all recorded signals shall be re-evaluated. If it can be proved that the detection system is reproducible, it may extend the sensitivity review interval of 8.2.11 c) and 8.2.11 d).9 Evaluation of testing results9.1 Recording of reflected signal According to the highest sensitivity, which is specified by the quality level, during the scanning process, the reflected signal, which is greater than or equal to this sensitivity level, shall be recorded. The recording method is a coordinate diagram or a C-scan diagram, to indicate the position and size of the reflected signal. 9.2 Evaluation of back wave loss Use direct wave to measure the bottom wave, at a lower gain; compare it with the bottom wave, in the normal position. If the bottom wave loses more than 50% AND is accompanied by an increase or decrease of the noise signal (at least twice the normal background noise), which is not due to surface state or non-parallelism, it is unqualified. 9.3 Evaluation of noise level Noise levels above the alarm trigger level are considered unacceptable. Note. When the tested titanium alloy bar is used as a reference, the alarm level slightly exceeds the noise level, BUT does not exceed 70% of the detection sensitivity level. 9.4 Evaluation of defects 9.4.1 Longitudinal wave testing 9.4.1.3 Elongated defects The length of the elongated defect shall be evaluated, according to the following methods. If the length exceeds the provisions in Table 3, it shall be regarded as unqualified. 9.4.2 Shear wave testing When the shear wave testing of defects is performed on the steel bar, the test block used for evaluation shall be as shown in Figure 2; the evaluation method shall meet the requirements of 9.4.1.The relationship, between the transverse hole and the flat-bottom hole, is as shown in Table 4.10 Quality levelsThe quality level of longitudinal wave testing shall meet the requirements of Table 3. The quality level of shear wave testing shall meet the requirements of Table 2.11 Testing records and testing reportsThe defect location, defect spacing, defect length, equivalent size, evaluation results, which are found by ultrasonic testing of steel bars, shall be recorded. The preparation of ultrasonic testing report shall include specifications, designations, furnace batch numbers, testing criteria, testing methods, testing instruments, testing equipment, probe parameters, comparative test blocks, couplant, quality level, number of conformances and nonconformances, issuer, date, etc. ......Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al. Tips & Frequently Asked Questions:Question 1: How long will the true-PDF of English version of GB/T 4162-2022 be delivered?Answer: The full copy PDF of English version of GB/T 4162-2022 can be downloaded in 9 seconds, and it will also be emailed to you in 9 seconds (double mechanisms to ensure the delivery reliably), with PDF-invoice.Question 2: Can I share the purchased PDF of GB/T 4162-2022_English with my colleagues?Answer: Yes. 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