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Basic dataStandard ID: GB/T 40581-2021 (GB/T40581-2021)Description (Translated English): Calculation specification for power system security and stability Sector / Industry: National Standard (Recommended) Classification of Chinese Standard: F21 Word Count Estimation: 38,366 Issuing agency(ies): State Administration for Market Regulation, China National Standardization Administration GB/T 40581-2021: Calculation specification for power system security and stability---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.Calculation specification for power system security and stability ICS 29.020 CCSF21 National Standards of People's Republic of China Power System Security and Stability Calculation Specification Released on 2021-10-11 2022-05-01 implementation State Administration for Market Regulation Issued by the National Standardization Management Committee Table of contentsForeword Ⅲ Introduction Ⅳ 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions 1 4 Overall requirements and tasks of safe and stable computing 5 5 Basic conditions for safe and stable calculation 6 6 Methods and criteria for safe and stable calculation 12 7 Security and stability calculation analysis and measures to improve stability 27 8 Management of safe and stable calculation analysis 29 References 32 Power System Security and Stability Calculation Specification1 ScopeThis document specifies the requirements, basic conditions, methods and criteria for power system safety and stability calculations, measures to improve stability, and safety Stable calculation and analysis management. This document is applicable to the planning, design, construction, production and operation, scientific testing, and safety of equipment manufacturing of 220kV and above power systems Stable calculation and analysis work. The safety and stability calculation work of the power system below 220kV can be implemented by reference.2 Normative referencesThe content of the following documents constitutes an indispensable clause of this document through normative references in the text. Among them, dated quotations Only the version corresponding to the date is applicable to this document; for undated reference documents, the latest version (including all amendments) is applicable to This document. GB/T 15544.1 Three-phase AC system short-circuit current calculation Part 1.Current calculation GB/T 26399 Technical Guidelines for Power System Security and Stability Control GB/T 31464 Grid Operation Guidelines GB 38755-2019 Safety and Stability Guidelines for Power Systems3 Terms and definitionsThe following terms and definitions defined in GB 38755-2019 apply to this document. 3.1 Powersystemsecurity The ability of the power system to withstand disturbances (such as sudden loss of power system components, or short-circuit faults, etc.) during operation. Note. It is characterized by two characteristics. a) The power system can withstand the transient process caused by the disturbance and transition to an acceptable operating condition; b) Under the new operating conditions, various constraints are met. [Source. GB 38755-2019, 2.1, with modification] 3.2 Power system stability The ability of the power system to maintain stable operation after being disturbed. Note. The stability of the power system is divided into three categories. power angle stability, voltage stability and frequency stability. The specific classification is shown in Figure 1.4 Overall requirements and tasks of safe and stable computing4.1 General requirements for safe and stable calculations The safety and stability calculation of the power system should be based on the specific conditions and requirements of the system, and the reactive voltage, short-circuit current, static safety, and static State stability, transient power angle stability, dynamic power angle stability, voltage stability, frequency stability, long-term dynamic process, subsynchronous/supersynchronous oscillation and subsynchronous Step resonance and short-circuit ratio are calculated and analyzed, and the basic stability characteristics of the system are studied, the safety and stability level of the power grid is checked, and the power grid is optimized Plan the plan, put forward the control strategy to ensure the safe and stable operation of the system and the measures to improve the stability of the system. 4.2 The task of safe and stable computing 4.2.1 Reactive voltage analysis Reactive power and voltage analysis mainly analyzes reactive power balance and voltage control strategies to realize the layered and zoned in-situ reactive power balance to ensure that the The bus voltage of each voltage level can be controlled at a reasonable level after failure and under special mode, and it has flexible voltage adjustment methods. For the Union It is necessary to carry out calculation and analysis of voltage fluctuations for weak power grid tie lines, weak sections in the network, etc. 4.2.2 Short-circuit current safety check The short-circuit current safety check is used for the short-circuit current in the power system when a short-circuit occurs in the power system under the specified startup mode or network topology. Calculate and analyze the attenuation of the AC component and DC component to check whether the short-circuit current level of each bus in the system meets the relevant circuit breaker opening. The requirements of breaking capacity, research measures to limit the level of short-circuit current. The forms of short-circuit faults should include three-phase short-circuit faults and single-phase ground faults. The short circuit should be checked according to the metallic short circuit. 4.2.3 Power system static safety analysis The static safety analysis of the power system refers to the application of the N-1 principle to disconnect the lines, transformers and other components one by one without faults, and check whether other components are Therefore, overload and voltage over-limit are used to test whether the structural strength and operation mode of the power grid meet the requirements of safe operation. 4.2.4 Static stability calculation analysis 4.2.4.1 Power system static stability calculation analysis includes static power angle stability and static voltage stability calculation analysis. According to the corresponding criteria, use In order to determine the stability of the power system and the transmission power limit of the transmission section (line), check the stability reserve under a given mode. 4.2.4.2 For large power supply transmission lines, cross-regional or inter-provincial interconnection lines, weak sections in the network, etc., static stability calculation and analysis should be performed. 4.2.5 Calculation and analysis of transient power angle stability The transient power angle stability calculation analysis is used to verify the stability of the system under the specified operating mode and fault form, and to protect the relay. The corresponding requirements are put forward for protection and automatic devices and various measures. 4.2.6 Calculation and analysis of dynamic power angle stability 4.2.6.1 Dynamic power angle stability can be divided into small disturbance dynamic power angle stability and large disturbance dynamic power angle stability. Small disturbance dynamic power angle stability analysis Because the disturbance is small enough, the system can be described by a linearized state equation. In the large disturbance dynamic power angle stability analysis, the disturbance is so large that the system is not suitable for application. Linear equation to describe. 4.2.6.2 The dynamic power angle stability calculation analysis is used to perform the dynamic power angle stability of the system under the specified operation mode and disturbance state. Check to determine whether there is a negatively damped or weakly damped oscillation mode in the system, and control the power flow of the sensitive section in the system and improve the damping of the system Features, grid-connected unit excitation and its additional control system, configuration and parameter optimization of the speed control system, and various safety and stability measures are proposed The corresponding requirements. 4.2.7 Calculation and analysis of voltage stability Voltage stability calculation analysis is used to verify the voltage stability of the system under the specified operating mode and fault form, and to verify the system voltage stability. Voltage stability control strategy, low voltage load shedding plan, reactive power compensation configuration and various safety and stability measures put forward corresponding requirements. 4.2.8 Frequency stability calculation analysis Frequency stability calculation analysis is used when the whole system (or the part after de-arrangement) has frequency oscillation or is disturbed by large active power. When the system frequency fluctuates widely, the frequency stability of the system is calculated and analyzed, and the frequency stability control countermeasures of the system are included. Including governor parameter optimization, low-frequency load shedding plan, low-frequency splitting plan, high-frequency cut-off plan, overspeed protection control strategy, DC modulation And various security and stability measures put forward corresponding requirements. 4.2.9 Calculation and analysis of long-term dynamic process 4.2.9.1 In the long-term dynamic process simulation calculation, the system is described by nonlinear equations, and numerical integration suitable for rigid dynamic systems should be used. Algorithm, generally an implicit integration algorithm with automatic variable step length; should be included in the slow motion of the power system that is not considered in the general transient stability calculation State component characteristics. The time range for long-term dynamic process calculation can range from tens of seconds to tens of minutes or even hours. 4.2.9.2 The calculation and analysis of the long-term dynamic process are used to calibrate the long-term dynamic process of the system under the specified operation mode and disturbance pattern. And research, study the control strategies to ensure the safety and stability of the power grid, and propose corresponding measures for relay protection and automatic devices as well as various safety and stability measures Require. 4.2.10 Calculation and Analysis of Subsynchronous/Supersynchronous Oscillation and Subsynchronous Resonance Subsynchronous oscillation/subsynchronous resonance calculation is used to stabilize the subsynchronous oscillation/subsynchronous resonance of the power system under different operating modes Calculate and analyze the performance, and countermeasures for suppression of subsynchronous oscillation/subsynchronous resonance, including operation mode adjustment schemes, subsynchronous oscillation/subsynchronization The resonance damping control scheme and the torsional vibration protection measures of the unit shaft system put forward corresponding requirements. New energy sub-synchronous/super-synchronous oscillation calculation is used to compare the sub-synchronization of power systems with new energy under different control methods and operation modes. Calculate and analyze the stability of step/super-synchronous oscillation, and countermeasures against sub-synchronous/super-synchronous oscillation, including adjustments to the access system and operation mode The plan, new energy system control strategy adjustment, and sub-synchronous/super-synchronous oscillation damping control plan put forward corresponding requirements. 4.2.11 Calculation and analysis of short-circuit ratio The calculation and analysis of the short-circuit ratio are used to measure the strength of the AC system connected to the DC or new energy field stations.5 Basic conditions for safe and stable calculation5.1 Calculation conditions and basic data 5.1.1 The basic conditions that should be determined before the calculation and analysis of the safety and stability of the power system include the wiring and operation mode of the power system, and the various elements of the power system. Models and parameters of components and their control systems, load models and parameters, fault types and fault removal time, reclosing action time, relay protection And the model and operating time of the safety automatic device. 5.1.2 Through modeling research and actual measurement work, various components, control devices and loads suitable for the safety and stability calculation of the power system shall be established. Detailed models and parameters. Reasonable models and parameters should be used in calculation analysis to ensure the accuracy of simulation calculation. For completed parameters For the components and control devices that have been measured and passed the audit, the measured models and parameters shall be adopted; for those that have been put into production but have not yet completed the actual measurement of the parameters or have not yet The components and control devices put into production should adopt the factory model and parameters provided by the manufacturer and approved by the competent authority or its entrusted agency. Or refer to the same type of equipment that has been tested, and select models and parameters approved by the competent authority or its entrusted agency. 5.1.3 In the calculation and analysis of system design, production operation and experimental research, the accuracy and consistency of the adopted models and parameters shall be ensured. In the calculation and analysis at the planning and design stage, for parts other than the existing system, a typical model approved by the competent authority or its commissioned agency can be used. Type and parameters. 5.2 System wiring and operation mode 5.2.1 Selection principle According to the purpose of calculation and analysis, the system wiring and operation mode should be set for the unfavorable conditions that may actually occur in the operation of the system. answer Select the possible unfavorable conditions for the safety and stability of the system from the following three operating modes, and perform calculation and analysis. a) Normal methods. including planned maintenance methods and large hydropower, thermal power, and maximum Or possible operation modes such as minimum load, minimum start-up and pumped storage operating conditions, and maximum or minimum new energy power generation; b) Post-failure mode. The short-term steady-state operation mode that occurs after the power system failure is eliminated and before the normal operation mode is restored; c) Special methods. including holiday operation methods, main lines, transformers or other important components of the system, equipment unplanned maintenance and equipment More serious methods such as the start-up of the equipment and the withdrawal of the main safety and stability control devices of the power grid. 5.2.2 Operation mode arrangement 5.2.2.1 According to the studied operation mode, consider the power plant's startup and shutdown plan, load curve, DC transmission plan, network structure, power transmission and reception According to actual conditions such as plans and equipment maintenance plans, the basic power flow data calculated by the system is determined as the initial boundary of power flow and stability calculations. 5.2.2.2 The start-up method should be adjusted according to the actual load needs, and the power flow calculation method should be arranged in consideration of the actual possible unfavorable conditions. 5.2.2.3 The active power and reactive power of the load should conform to reality. It is necessary to strengthen the analysis of the actual load, and reflect the Unfavorable situations that can occur. The power factor of the load should be verified according to the actual situation. For some special types of loads (such as rectifier loads) Special attention should be paid. 5.2.2.4 Active rotating reserve and reactive power reserve shall meet the requirements of GB 38755-2019.It should be a certain ratio not greater than the actual load (2%~5% is usually selected according to the size of the grid) Sure. On the basis of meeting the spinning reserve capacity, fewer start-up units should be started, especially no idle-running units. In order to consider the most serious situation, send When the power transmission capacity of the sending-end system is concerned, the sending-end system may not consider spinning reserve; when studying the loss of large power supply of the receiving-end system, the actual situation of the sending-end system should be taken into consideration. Possible spinning reserve. 5.2.2.5 Plant electricity should be handled according to load and cannot be directly deducted from power generation output. The plant power load of thermal power and nuclear power units is based on actual conditions Sure. 5.3 Simplification and equivalence of power system 5.3.1 According to the purpose and requirements of the calculation and analysis, the external power grid or the low-voltage network of the researched power grid can be reasonably simplified when necessary. 5.3.2 Principles of simplification of power system network wiring. a) The power flow distribution and voltage level of each main line and transmission section before and after the network simplification are basically unchanged; b) In principle, the research network reserves the network wiring with voltages of 220kV and above (reserved voltages of 110kV and below with transmission function) Network); the load should be hung on the medium-voltage side or low-voltage side of the transformer with the lowest voltage level; in principle, the low-voltage electromagnetic loop network line Reserve; c) The power supply in the simplified low-voltage network can, in principle, be offset by the local load, and has a greater impact on the short-circuit current and stability characteristics of the system. Large power sources can be reserved as needed. 5.3.3 According to the purpose of the research, the external system of the researched system can be appropriately equivalent. The tidal current distribution and distribution of the tie line should be kept The voltage level remains unchanged, and the stability characteristics and stability level of the studied system remain basically unchanged. 5.3.4 Dynamic equivalence is closely related to the physical problems of power system stability calculation and analysis. In the calculation and analysis of the safety and stability of the power system, According to the research problem, the dynamic equivalence principle of different equivalence methods is as follows. a) Equivalent methods suitable for short-circuit current, subsynchronous/supersynchronous oscillation and subsynchronous resonance analysis of large-scale power systems, requirements The research system has close short-circuit currents before and after the equivalence; b) Equivalent method for transient power angle stability and large disturbance dynamic power angle stability analysis of large-scale power systems, requiring research Under the same large disturbance, the system has close rotor rocking curves before and after the equivalent; c) The equivalent method for small-disturbance dynamic power angle stability analysis of large-scale power systems requires the research system to be before and after the equivalent value. The main oscillation modes and modal distributions studied are basically the same; d) Equivalence method suitable for online dynamic safety analysis of large-scale power systems, requiring the study of the main dynamics of the system before and after equivalence The state characteristics are basically the same. 5.4 Fault type, location, reclosing and fault removal time 5.4.1 Fault ......Tips & Frequently Asked Questions:Question 1: How long will the true-PDF of GB/T 40581-2021_English be delivered?Answer: Upon your order, we will start to translate GB/T 40581-2021_English as soon as possible, and keep you informed of the progress. The lead time is typically 4 ~ 6 working days. The lengthier the document the longer the lead time.Question 2: Can I share the purchased PDF of GB/T 40581-2021_English with my colleagues?Answer: Yes. 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