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Basic dataStandard ID: GB/T 22437.1-2018 (GB/T22437.1-2018)Description (Translated English): Cranes -- Design principles for loads and load combinations -- Part 1: General Sector / Industry: National Standard (Recommended) Classification of Chinese Standard: J80 Classification of International Standard: 53.020.20 Word Count Estimation: 46,473 Date of Issue: 2018-05-14 Date of Implementation: 2018-12-01 Older Standard (superseded by this standard): GB/T 22437.1-2008 Regulation (derived from): National Standards Announcement No. 6 of 2018 Issuing agency(ies): State Administration for Market Regulation, China National Standardization Administration GB/T 22437.1-2018: Cranes -- Design principles for loads and load combinations -- Part 1: General---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.Cranes--Design principles for loads and load combinations--Part 1. General ICS 53.020.20 J80 National Standards of People's Republic of China Replace GB/T 22437.1-2008 Design principle for crane load and load combination Part 1. General Part 1.General (ISO 8686-1.2012, IDT) Published on.2018-05-14 2018-12-01 implementation State market supervision and administration China National Standardization Administration issued ContentForeword I 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and Definitions 1 4 symbol 1 5 General 2 5.1 General Principles 2 5.2 Two common methods of structural design or capability checking 3 5.3 Load estimation 3 5.4 Load category 3 6 Load and applicability factor 4 6.1 Conventional load 4 6.2 Accidental load 8 6.3 Special load 8 6.4 Other loads 11 7 Selection principle of load combination 12 7.1 Basic considerations 12 7.2 Load combinations during installation, disassembly and transport 15 7.3 Application of Table 3 15 7.4 Verification of the safety factor of rigid body stability 17 Appendix A (Normative Appendix) Application of Allowable Stress Design and Limit State Design Method 19 Appendix B (informative) General notes on the application of the dynamic coefficient φi 21 Appendix C (informative) Example of a model for estimating the coefficient φ4 of a hoisting machine operating on a track 22 Appendix D (informative) Determining the load generated by acceleration Example 26 Appendix E (informative) Example of analysis method for load (horizontal lateral force) caused by skewness 34 Appendix F (informative) Lifting drive type icon 39 Reference 42ForewordGB/T 22437 "Design Principles for Crane Load and Load Combination" is divided into five parts. --- Part 1. General; --- Part 2. Mobile cranes; --- Part 3. Tower cranes; --- Part 4. Boom cranes; --- Part 5. Bridge and gantry cranes. This part is the first part of GB/T 22437. This part is drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009. This part replaces GB/T 22437.1-2008 "Design Principles for Crane Load and Load Combination", and GB/T 22437.1- The main technical changes in.2008 are as follows. --- Modify the "item load factor" to "item safety factor" (see Table 1 in Chapter 4, Table 4 of Chapter 4 of the.2008 edition); --- Increased the dynamic effect coefficient φ9 caused by accidental loss of payload (see Table 1 in Chapter 4); --- "When applying this part to different types of cranes operating under the same operating and environmental conditions, the equivalent equivalent resistance should be sought The provisions of "force" are adjusted from Chapter 1 to Chapter 5 (see Chapter 5.1, Chapter 1 of the.2008 edition); --- Added in the limit state method "If this part is used in combination with ISO 20332, the limit state method is the first necessary second order The provisions of the method (see 5.2); --- Adjust the load type from Chapter 6 to Chapter 5 (see Chapter 5, Chapter 6 of the.2008 edition); --- Amend the "when the lifting load is off the ground" to "when the lifting payload leaves the ground" (see 6.1.1, 6.1.1 of the.2008 edition); --- Modified the calculation formula of φ2 and the corresponding number table (see 6.1.2.1.1, 6.1.2.1 and 6.1.2.2 of the.2008 edition); --- Added the expression "accuracy of axle parallelism" (see 6.2.2); --- Added the expression "for the verification calculation of the test load, the minimum wind speed should be considered 5.42m/s" (see 6.3.2); --- Increased the "load caused by accidental loss of payload" (see 6.3.5); --- Increased the "quality of crane or crane parts" (see 7.3.7); --- Added "quality that is advantageous or unfavorable for structural calculations" (see 7.3.7.1); --- Added "sub-safety factor for crane quality" (see 7.3.7.2); --- Increased the "safety factor for crane quality" (see 7.3.7.3); --- Added "sub-safety factor applicable to loads caused by displacement" (see 7.3.8); --- Added "sub-item safety factor for verifying the stability of rigid body" and the corresponding number table (see 7.4); This section uses the translation method equivalent to ISO 8686-1.2012 "Design Principles for Crane Load and Load Combinations Part 1. General. The documents of our country that have a consistent correspondence with the international documents referenced in this part are as follows. ---GB/T 5905-2011 Crane test specifications and procedures (ISO 4310.2009, IDT) ---GB/T 6974 (all parts) Crane terminology [ISO 4306 (all parts)] ---GB/T 30024-2013 Crane metal structure capability verification (ISO 20332.2008, IDT) This section has made the following editorial changes. --- The text and the formula in the appendix are uniformly numbered; --- Modify the absolute value of the relationship between the C.2.4 coefficient ξ and the coefficient α in Appendix C. This part was proposed by the China Machinery Industry Federation. This part is under the jurisdiction of the National Machinery Standardization Technical Committee for Lifting Machinery (SAC/TC227). This section is responsible for drafting units. Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Beijing Crane Transportation Machinery Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd. Participated in the drafting of this section. Zoomlion Heavy Industry Co., Ltd., Jiangxi Gongyi Machinery Co., Ltd., and the Franck Heavy Industry Co., Ltd. Limited company, Henan Mining Crane Co., Ltd., Shanghai Machinery Construction Group Co., Ltd. The main drafters of this section. Xu Gening, Dong Qing, Zhang Pei, Qi Qisong, Ren Huili, Yu Lin, Jin Hongping, Ren Haitao, Chen Xiaoming. The previous versions of the standards replaced by this section are. ---GB/T 22437.1-2008. Design principle for crane load and load combination Part 1. General1 ScopeThis part of GB/T 22437 specifies the general methods for various load calculations and the general principles for selecting load combinations. The purpose is to Verification of the load carrying capacity of various crane metal structures and mechanical components as defined in ISO 4306-1. The method is based on rigid body dynamic analysis and elastic static analysis, but also allows the use of theoretically and practically proven A more advanced (calculation or test) method estimates the effect of the load and load combination and the value of the dynamic load factor. This section has two different uses. a) Develop more specific standards for different types of hoisting machinery, providing a common form, content and scope of parameter values. b) agreement between the designer, the manufacturer and the purchaser on the combination of load and load for hoisting machinery without dedicated standards a framework.2 Normative referencesThe following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only dated versions apply to this article. Pieces. For undated references, the latest edition (including all amendments) applies to this document. ISO 4302 crane wind load estimation (Cranes-Windloadassessment) ISO 4306 (all parts) Crane terminology (Liftingappliances-Vocabulary) ISO 4310 Crane Test Specifications and Procedures (Cranes-Testcodeandprocedures) ISO 20332 crane metal structure capability verification (Cranes-Proofofcompetenceofsteelstructures)3 Terms and definitionsThe following terms and definitions defined by ISO 4306 apply to this document. 3.1 Load loadloads Acting externally or internally in the form of force, displacement or temperature, causing stress on the metal structure or mechanical components of the crane. 3.2 Dynamic analysis < rigid body> studies the motion and internal forces of a system model assumed to be a non-elastic component. 3.3 Dynamic analysis < Elastomer> A study of the elastic displacement, motion, and internal forces of a system model assumed to be an elastic component.4 symbolThe main symbols used in this section are shown in Table 1. Table 1 main symbols Symbol description refer to the relevant content of this section Φi reflects multiple dynamic load coefficients of dynamic effects The φ1 action on the quality of the hoisting machinery reflects the lifting impact coefficient of the lifting gravity effect 6.1.1, Table 3 Lifting dynamic load factor of φ2 lifting ground load 6.1.2.1, Table 3 Φ3 reflects the sudden unloading impact coefficient of the dynamic effect of sudden unloading of partial loads. 6.1.2.2, Table 3 Φ4 reflects the operational impact coefficient of the dynamic effect of operation on uneven roads 6.1.3.2, Table 3 Φ5 Addition (decrease) speed dynamic load factor due to acceleration of crane drive mechanism 6.1.4, 6.3.6, Table 3 Φ6 reflects the lifting load coefficient of the dynamic load test load 6.3.2, Table 3 Φ7 reflects the elastic effect of the buffer collision elastic effect caused by the collision with the damper 6.3.3 The dynamic effect coefficient caused by the accidental loss of φ9 payload is 6.3.5, Table 3 α Dedicated symbol for determining the value of φ1 6.1.1 Lifting status of hoisting machinery specified in HC1~HC4 6.1.2.1.2~6.1.2.1.4 Lifting state level coefficient specified in β2 6.1.2.1.1~6.1.2.1.2, 6.12.1.5 Β3 is used to determine the φ3 value of the special symbol 6.1.2.2 Vh Stable lifting speed in m/s 6.1.2.1.3 (Table 2b) Fx, Fx2, Fx4 buffering force 6.3.3 Γf is used to calculate the safety factor of allowable stress 7.3.2 Γp sub-item safety factor 7.3.3, Table 3, 7.3.7.2, 7.3.8, A.3 Γm resistance coefficient table 3, Appendix A Γn high risk factor 7.3.6, Appendix A m payload quality 6.1.2.2 mH total load quality 6.1.2.1.1, 6.3.1 Ηm=mH-ΔmH The remaining part (suspension) suspended on the hoisting machine 6.3.1 Note. More symbols used in the appendix will be defined in the appendix.5 General5.1 General principles The purpose of the capability calculation verification in accordance with this section is to use mathematical methods to confirm that the crane is operating in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. The actual carrying capacity of the time. The basis for verification of failure prevention (such as yielding, elastic instability or fatigue) is the accounting load caused by the crane structural parts and mechanical components. Calculate whether the stress is less than the corresponding calculated strength. Failure verification is also necessary to combat overturning stability. The overturning stability is calculated by the load and the overturning is calculated by the hoisting machinery. The ratio of the anti-overturn calculation torque is determined. In addition, to ensure the stability of the hoist and/or to avoid lifting machinery and its parts Unexpected movement, such as boom sling ropes, accidental unloading of fixed cables, or accidental sliding of lifting machinery, should also be made for certain forces limit. Consideration should be given to the effects of differences between the actual and theoretical geometries of mechanical and structural systems (eg tolerances and foundation sinking) influences). Since this effect may cause the stress to exceed the specified limit value, it should be given when carrying out the crane load capacity check. consider. When applying this section to different types of cranes operating under the same operating and environmental conditions, the equivalent resistance to failure should be sought. 5.2 Two common methods of structural design or capability checking a) permissible stress method which is the design stress generated by the combined load and the allowable stress determined by the type of the component or the test condition. Line comparison. The allowable stress is determined based on experience and is considered to prevent loss due to yield, elastic instability or fatigue. The margin of effectiveness. b) limit state method which uses a partial safety factor to amplify the loads before combination and is specified by yield or elastic instability The limit state is compared. The sub-item safety factor of each load is based on the probability of occurrence and the basis of the accuracy of the load that can be determined. Up. The limit state value is composed of the strength value after the standard strength of the component is reduced to reflect the strength of the component and the geometric parameters. Deviation. If this part is used in conjunction with ISO 20332, the limit state method is the first necessary second order method. A more detailed description of the application of the two methods is given in Appendix A. 5.3 Load estimation In order to calculate the stress caused by the load, an appropriate crane model should be used. Causes time-varying loads according to the provisions of this section The various loads of the effect (internal force) shall be estimated according to experience, test or calculation according to the equivalent static load. Rigid body dynamic analysis The method uses some dynamic coefficients to estimate the forces required to simulate the response of the elastic system. Elastic dynamics analysis or on-site measurement Try, but in order to reflect the smoothness of the operation, you need to consider the actual operation of the crane driver. Regardless of the allowable stress method or the limit state method, when considering stability and displacement, the load, load combination, and dynamic load factor should be Based on experience, consider setting other relevant standards, or set it based on test or statistical data. Used in this section The parameters are considered to be determinable. If a certain load is unlikely to occur (for example, a wind load acting on an indoor working crane), it should be omitted in the carrying capacity check. meter. For the same reason, the load caused by the following conditions should also be omitted. a) conditions prohibited in the crane machinery manual; b) characteristics not provided in the design of the hoisting machinery; c) Conditions that are prevented or prohibited in the design of the hoisting machinery. If the probability of carrying capacity is checked, the corresponding conditions, in particular the acceptable probability of failure, should be indicated. 5.4 Load category Chapter 6 gives the range of the dynamic load factor φi used to determine the load effect in the load and bearing capacity check. Note. The specific values of a particular type of hoisting machinery (see the Preface) that meet the dynamic load factor range can be found in other parts of this standard. The loads acting on the crane are divided into normal loads, accidental loads, special loads and other loads. When various types of loads are considered It is considered when the machine is related or related to its use. a) Conventional loads occur during normal operation and should be considered in the ability to check for yield, elastic instability, and fatigue failure. they Is the acceleration or deceleration of the weight of the crane and the lifting load caused by gravity and drive mechanism, brake and various bits The load caused by the shift. b) Accidental loads and effects are less likely to occur and are not considered in fatigue estimation. They include wind, snow, ice, and temperature from working conditions. And the load caused by the skewing operation. c) Special loads and their effects are rare and are not considered in fatigue estimation. They include winds from trials and non-working conditions. Impulse and tipping, unplanned downtime, transmission failure, and loads caused by external excitation of the hoisting machinery foundation. d) Other loads include installation and disassembly loads as well as loads on platforms and channels. The category to which the load belongs is not a sign of the importance or criticality of the load. For example, the mounting and dismounting loads are in the last type, However, special attention should be given because a considerable number of accidents occur during the loading and unloading phase. Appendix B gives general comments on the application of the coefficient φi.6 Load and applicable coefficient6.1 Conventional load 6.1.1 Lifting gravity effect on the mass of the lifting machinery The quality of the hoisting machinery shall include certain components that are always in the fixed position of the hoisting machinery during operation, except for the payload (see 6.1.2). For certain lifting appliances or certain applications, it may be necessary to superimpose the quality of the material crust, such as coal or similar powder. Bonded to the hoist and its parts. The gravity generated by the mass of the hoisting machinery should be multiplied by the hoisting impact coefficient φ1, where φ1=1±α, 0≤α≤0.1, using this method The vibration excitation of the lifting machine metal structure is considered when the lifting payload leaves the ground. In order to reflect the range of the vibration pulse effect The lower limit, which usually takes the upper and lower limits. The hoisting impact coefficient φ1 can be applied to the design of the hoisting machinery structure and its support. In some cases, in order to find components and components For the most dangerous load, the upper and lower limits of the coefficient should be used. Appendix B gives general comments on the application of the coefficient φi. 6.1.2 Inertia and Gravity Effects of Vertical Action on Total Load 6.1.2.1 Lifting unconstrained ground load 6.1.2.1.1 General When lifting an unconstrained ground load, the dynamic effect of transferring the load from the ground to the hoist is multiplied by the lifting dynamic load factor φ2 The gravity caused by the total load mass is considered (see Figure 1). The mass of the total load includes the payload, the spreader, and the quality of the wire rope overhang. The lifting dynamic load coefficient φ2 is determined by the formula (1). Φ2=φ2min β2·vh (1) In the formula. 22 --- the coefficient obtained according to the crane lifting state level (see Table 2a); Vh --- Typical lifting speed of the drive system in m/s (see Table 2b); The minimum value of φ2min---φ2 (see Table 2c). Figure 1 Dynamic effect of lifting ground load 6.1.2.1.2 Lifting status level According to the elastic characteristics of the crane and its support, the lifting state is divided into four levels HC1~HC4, which should be based on typical vertical load. The displacement δ selects the lift state level (see Table 2a). Table 2a Lifting status level Displacement state level typical vertical load displacement δ β2/(s/m) HC1 0.8m≤δ 0.17 HC2 0.3m≤δ< 0.8m 0.34 HC3 0.15m≤δ< 0.3m 0.51 HC4 δ< 0.15m 0.68 The displacement δ of a typical vertical load can be based on the maximum total load of the crane and its supporting structure and the wire rope system without regard to the increase factor. Elastic static calculations are obtained. Since the displacement δ of a typical vertical load varies with the structure of the crane, the maximum value of δ can be used to select the lifting state. level. 6.1.2.1.3 Lifting drive level According to the control characteristics of the hoisting drive mechanism when the weight of the load is transmitted from the ground to the crane, the hoisting drive is divided into 5 Level HD1~HD5. The lifting drive level is as follows. HD1. no low speed available or the drive may not start at low speed; HD2. The hoist drive can only be started at a low speed within a preset time; HD3. The h......Tips & Frequently Asked Questions:Question 1: How long will the true-PDF of GB/T 22437.1-2018_English be delivered?Answer: Upon your order, we will start to translate GB/T 22437.1-2018_English as soon as possible, and keep you informed of the progress. The lead time is typically 4 ~ 7 working days. 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