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Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT17045-2020 Protection against electric shock - Common aspects for installations and equipment ICS 13.260;29.020;91.140.50 K09;C67;Q77 National Standards of People's Republic of China Replace GB/T 17045-2008 General parts of electric shock protection devices and equipment 2020-03-31 released 2020-10-01 implementation State Administration for Market Regulation Issued by the National Standardization Management Committee Table of ContentsPreface Ⅲ 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions 2 4 Basic rules for protection against electric shock 10 4.1 Overview 10 4.2 Normal conditions 11 4.3 Single fault condition 11 4.4 Additional protection 12 4.5 Protection against electric burns 12 4.6 Protection from physiological effects that do not affect health 12 5 Protection regulations (elements of protection measures) 13 5.1 Overview 13 5.2 Provisions for basic protection 13 5.3 Provisions for fault protection 15 5.4 Provisions for strengthening protection 18 5.5 Provisions for additional protection 19 6 Protective measures 19 6.1 Overview 19 6.2 Protection with automatic power-off 19 6.3 Protection with double or reinforced insulation 20 6.4 Protection by protective equipotential bonding 20 6.5 Protection with electrical separation 20 6.6 Protection with non-conductive environment (low voltage) 20 6.7 Protection with SELV system 20 6.8 Protection by PELV system 20 6.9 Adopt protection to limit steady-state contact current and energy 21 6.10 Additional protection 21 6.11 Other protective measures 21 7 Coordination of electrical equipment and protection regulations in electrical installations 21 7.1 Overview 21 7.2 Class 0 equipment 22 7.3 Class I equipment 22 7.4 Class II equipment 23 7.5 Class III equipment 24 7.6 Touch current and protective conductor current 25 7.7 Safety and minimum spacing of high-voltage installations and danger warning 27 7.8 Functional ground 27 8 Special operating and maintenance conditions 27 8.1 Overview 27 8.2 Components and replacement parts expected to be manually operated 27 8.3 Electrical data after isolation 28 8.4 Isolating appliances 28 Appendix A (informative appendix) List of protective measures implemented by protective regulations 31 Reference 33 Term Index 34 Preface This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009. This standard replaces GB/T 17045-2008 "General Parts of Electric Shock Protection Devices and Equipment", and is consistent with GB/T 17045-2008 The main technical changes are as follows. ---The content of IEC 60449 (Voltage Section of Building Electrical Installations) has been added (see 4.2); ---Added the content that distinguishes regulations and measures well (see 3.44, 3.45 and Appendix A); ---Added effects other than ventricular fibrillation (see 4.6 and 7.6.5); ---Added additional protection content (see 5.5 and 6.10); ---Added the definition of extra low voltage (ELV) as part of low voltage (LV) (see 4.2); ---Added the requirements for isolating electrical appliances suitable for low-voltage automatic cut-off of power (see 8.4); --- Amend and move the current-related requirements in the protective conductor to the standard text (see 7.6.3). The translation method used in this standard is equivalent to IEC 61140.2016 "General Parts of Electric Shock Protection Devices and Equipment". The Chinese documents that have consistent correspondence with the normatively cited international documents in this standard are as follows. ---GB/T 156-2017 standard voltage (IEC 60038.2009, MOD); ---GB/T 311.1-2012 Insulation coordination Part 1.Definitions, principles and rules (IEC 60071-1.2006, MOD); ---GB/T 311.2-2013 Insulation coordination Part 2.Guidelines for use (IEC 60071-2.1996, MOD); ---GB/T 1985-2014 high voltage AC isolating switch and grounding switch (IEC 62271-102.2001 A1.2011, MOD); ---GB/T 4026-2019 Basic and safety rules for human-machine interface logo identification, equipment terminals, conductor terminals and conductor identification (IEC 60445.2017, IDT); ---GB/T 4208-2017 enclosure protection class (IP code) (IEC 60529.2013, IDT); ---GB/T 5465.2-2008 Graphical symbols for electrical equipment Part 2.Graphical symbols (IEC 60417DB.2007, IDT); ---GB/T 12113-2003 Measurement method of touch current and protective conductor current (IEC 60990.1999, IDT); ---GB/T 13870.5-2016 The effect of electric current on humans and livestock Part 5.The contact voltage threshold of physiological effects (IEC TR60479-5.2007, IDT); ---GB/T 16499-2017 Preparation of electrical and electronic safety publications and application guidelines for basic safety publications and multi-disciplinary shared safety publications (IEC Guide104.2010, NEQ); ---GB/T 16935 (all parts) Insulation coordination of equipment in low-voltage systems [IEC 60664 (all parts)]; ---GB/T 20002.4-2015 standard drafting of specific content. Part 4.Standards involving safety content (ISO /IEC Guide51.2014, MOD). This standard has made the following editorial changes. --- Change Appendix B of IEC 61140.2016 to term index; --- Since the content of Appendix C of IEC 61140.2016 has nothing to do with my country, it is deleted in this standard. This standard was proposed and managed by the National Standardization Technical Committee for Building Electrical Installations (SAC/TC205). Drafting organizations of this standard. CMC China Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., Unitech (China) Co., Ltd., Schneider Electric (China) Co., Ltd., Siemens (China) Co., Ltd., Legrand Low Voltage Electrical (Wuxi) Co., Ltd., Xi'an Zhiheng Electrical Technology Co., Ltd. The main drafters of this standard. Chen Tong, Wang Zengyao, Jiao Jianlei, Tang Ying, Liu Yang, Hu Hongyu, Mao Xiang, Chen Peihua. The previous versions of the standard replaced by this standard are as follows. ---GB/T 17045-1997, GB/T 17045-2006, GB/T 17045-2008. General parts of electric shock protection devices and equipment 1 Scope This standard is a basic safety publication, mainly used by technical committees in accordance with IEC Guide104 and ISO /IEC Guide51 The principle of writing standards. This standard is not used as an independent standard. According to IEC Guide104, technical committees need to use basic safety publications such as IEC 61140 when drafting, revising or revising their publications. This standard applies to electric shock protection for humans and livestock. Its purpose is to give the common electrical installations, systems and equipment, or between them Basic principles and requirements for cooperation. Regarding the voltage or current value or type of current, this standard does not limit, and the frequency is required to not exceed 1000Hz. Some clauses in this standard involve low and high voltage systems, devices and equipment. The rated voltage of the low voltage of this standard does not exceed AC 1000V or 1500V DC. The rated voltage of high voltage exceeds AC 1000V or DC 1500V. It needs to be pointed out that in order to effectively design and select protection measures, it is necessary to consider the possible voltage types and waveforms, that is, AC or DC Voltage, sine, transient, phase control, superimposed DC, and possible hybrids of these waveforms. The device or equipment may affect the voltage wave Shape, such as a converter or frequency converter. The current under normal and fault conditions depends on the above voltage. 2 Normative references The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated reference documents, only the dated version applies to this article Pieces. For undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document. GB/T 13870.1-2008 Effect of electric current on humans and livestock Part 1.General part (IEC TS60479-1.2005, IDT) GB/T 16935.1-2008 Insulation coordination of equipment in low-voltage systems Part 1.Principles, requirements and tests (IEC 60664-1.2007, IDT) GB/T 16895.3-2017 Low-voltage electrical installations Part 5-54 Selection and installation of electrical equipment, grounding configuration and protective conductor (IEC 60364-5-54.2011, IDT) ISO /IEC Guide51.2014 Safety Aspects Standards Including Safety Factors Compilation Guidelines IEC 60038 standard voltage IEC 60068 (all parts) environmental test 3 Terms and definitions The following terms and definitions apply to this document. 3.1 electric shock Physiological effects caused by electric current passing through the human body or livestock. Note 1.Physiological effects include perception, muscle contraction and spasm, dyspnea, cardiac dysfunction, stiffness, cardiac arrest, respiratory arrest, burns or other cells damage. Note 2.This standard does not consider the physiological effects caused by electromagnetic fields. [Source. GB/T 2900.73-2008, 195-01-04, revised---"through the human body or livestock" instead of "human and animal bodies", add Raise 2]. 3.1.1 Basic protection Electric shock protection under fault-free conditions. [Source. GB/T 2900.73-2008,195-06-01] 3.1.2 Failsafe Electric shock protection under single fault conditions. [Source. GB/T 2900.73-2008,195-06-02] 3.1.3 Additional protection Electric shock protection other than basic protection and/or failure protection. [Source. GB/T 2900.71-2008, 826-12-07, modified---"electric shock protection" replaced "protective measures"]. 3.1.4 Single fault condition A situation in which a single electric shock protection measure fails or a certain failure causes a dangerous situation. Note. If a single fault condition causes one or more other faults to occur, all fault states are regarded as single fault conditions. 3.2 Electrical circuit Electric current can flow through the installed device or conductive medium. Note. See GB/T 2900.71-2008,826-14-01 on electrical installations of buildings. 3.3 Electrical Equipment Equipment used for power generation, transformation, transmission, distribution or utilization of electrical energy, such as motors, transformers, switchgear and control equipment, measuring instruments, Protection devices, wiring systems and electrical equipment. [Source. GB/T 2900.71-2008,826-16-01] 3.4 Live part Conductors or conductive parts that are charged in normal operation, including neutral conductors and intermediate conductors, but do not include PEN conductors, PEM conductor or PEL conductor. Note. This concept does not imply a risk of electric shock. [Source. GB/T 2900.73-2008, 195-02-19, amended---"Including neutral conductor and intermediate conductor" replaced "Including neutral conductor" body"] 3.5 Dangerous live parts Live parts that can cause harmful electric shocks under certain conditions. Note. Dangerous voltage may appear on the surface of high-voltage solid insulation. At this time, the insulating surface is considered a dangerous live part. [Source. GB/T 2900.73-2008,195-06-05] 3.6 Exposed conductive parts The conductive part that can be touched on the equipment is not charged under normal conditions, but charged when the basic insulation is damaged. Note. The conductive parts of electrical equipment can only be charged when contact with the exposed conductive parts of the electric equipment are not regarded as exposed conductive parts. [Source. GB/T 2900.73-2008,195-06-10] 3.7 External conductive parts It is a part of non-electric device, and it is easy to introduce potential conductive part, which is usually local ground potential. [Source. GB/T 2900.73-2008,195-06-11] 3.8 Contact voltage 3.8.1 (Effective) contact voltage People or livestock simultaneously touch the voltage between two conductive parts. Note. The effective contact voltage value may be significantly affected by the impedance of people or livestock that make electrical contact with conductive parts. [Source. GB/T 2900.73-2008, 195-05-11, revised---"human or domestic animal" replaced "human and animal body"] 3.8.2 Expected contact voltage When people or livestock do not touch the conductive parts, the voltage between these conductive parts that may be reachable at the same time. [Source. GB/T 2900.73-2008, 195-05-09, modified---"human or livestock" replaced "human and animal bodies"] 3.9 Contact current When a person or livestock touches one or more accessible parts of an electrical device or electrical equipment, the current flows through its body. [Source. GB/T 2900.73-2008, 195-05-21, modified --- "human or domestic animal" replaced "human and animal body"] 3.10 insulation Characterize the various properties of an insulator to achieve its function. Note 1.Related characteristics such as resistance and breakdown voltage. Note 2.Insulation may be solid, liquid, gas (such as air) and combinations thereof. [Source. GB/T 2900.83-2008,151-15-42, modified---"Add Note 2"] 3.10.1 Basic insulation Insulation on hazardous live parts that can provide basic protection. Note. This concept does not apply to insulation used only for functional purposes. [Source. GB/T 2900.73-2008,195-06-06] 3.10.2 Additional insulation In addition to basic insulation, additional separate insulation for fault protection. [Source. GB/T 2900.73-2008,195-06-07] 3.10.3 Double insulation Insulation consisting of both basic insulation and additional insulation. [Source. GB/T 2900.73-2008,195-06-08] 3.10.4 Reinforced insulation Dangerous live parts have insulation equivalent to electric shock protection of double insulation. Note. Reinforced insulation can be composed of several layers of insulation that cannot be individually tested as basic insulation or additional insulation. [Source. IEC 60050-195.1998, 195-06-09, modified---provided "grade", deleted] 3.11 Non-conductive environment When people or livestock touch the exposed conductive parts that are dangerous and live, rely on the high impedance and non-existent connection of the environment (such as insulating walls or floors). The conductive part of the ground is used for protection. [Source. GB/T 2900.73-2008, 195-06-21, modified---"domestic animals" replaced "animals"] 3.12 (Electrical) protective barrier Prevent people or livestock from unintentionally contacting the protective material of the live part, but not to prevent intentional direct contact. [Source. GB/T 2900.73-2008, 195-06-16, revised---"contact" replaced "direct contact" and introduced "human or livestock The live part of the touch"] 3.13 (Electrical) protective fence A shield that prevents people or livestock from touching live parts from any direction that is normally accessible. [Source. GB/T 2900.73-2008, 195-06-15, revised---"contact" replaced "direct contact" and introduced "human or livestock The live part of the touch"] 3.14 (Electrical) protective enclosure Protect the electrical enclosure that accesses live parts from any direction and encloses the internal parts of the equipment. Note. In addition, the shell also has a protective effect on internal or external influences, such as the entry of dust or water, or prevent mechanical damage. [Source. GB/T 2900.73-2008, 195-06-14, modified --- "live part" replaced "harmful live part" and added Note] 3.15 Reach A person extends from any point on the surface where a person usually stands or moves to the maximum that a person can reach with his hands from any direction without resorting to any means. range. [Source. GB/T 2900.73-2008,195-06-12] 3.16 Equipotential bonding To equipotentially connect multiple conductive parts electrically. Note. The effectiveness of equipotential bonding may depend on the frequency of the current in the connection. [Source. GB/T 2900.73-2008, 195-01-10, modified---added note] 3.16.1 Protection of equipotential bonding Equipotential bonding for safety purposes (such as protection against electric shock). Note. For the definition of functional equipotential bonding, see GB/T 2900.73-2008,195-01-16. [Source. GB/T 2900.73-2008, 195-01-15, modified---introduced "such as protection against electric shock" and added a note] 3.16.2 Equipotential bonding terminal A terminal used for electrical connection with an equipotential bonding system on a device or device. [Source. GB/T 2900.73-2008,195-02-32] 3.16.3 Protect the connection terminal Terminals used to protect equipotential bonding. 3.16.4 Protective conductor For safety purposes, such as a conductor set in protection against electric shock. [Source. GB/T 2900.73-2008,195-02-09] 3.16.5 PE conductor Protective conductor used to protect ground. [Source. GB/T 2900.73-2008, 195-02-11, modified---the name of the term] 3.16.6 PEN conductor Protective earth neutral conductor A conductor that has the functions of a protective conductor and a neutral conductor. [Source. GB/T 2900.73-2008,195-02-12] 3.16.7 PEM conductor Protective grounding intermediate conductor A conductor that has the functions of a protective conductor and an intermediate conductor. [Source. GB/T 2900.73-2008,195-02-13] 3.16.8 PEL conductor Protective grounding conductor A conductor with both protective grounding conductor and line conductor functions. [Source. GB/T 2900.73-2008,195-02-14] 3.16.9 Protect bonding conductor Protective conductor used to protect equipotential bonding. [Source. GB/T 2900.73-2008,195-02-10] 3.16.10 Wire conductor Phase conductor (AC system) Polar conductor (DC system) A conductor that is live and can be used for power transmission or distribution during normal operation, but is not a neutral conductor or intermediate conductor. [Source. GB/T 2900.73-2008,195-02-08] 3.16.11 Neutral conductor A conductor that is electrically connected to the neutral point and can be used for power distribution. [Source. GB/T 2900.73-2008,195-02-06] 3.17 The concept of earth means the earth and all its natural materials. 3.17.1 Ground (verb) Make electrical connections between a given point of a system, device or equipment and local ground. Note. The connection with local ground can be. ---Intentional; or ---Unintentional; or accidental And can be permanent or temporary. 3.17.2 Reference place The part of the earth that is not affected by any grounding configuration and is regarded as conductive, and its potential is agreed to be zero. [Source. GB/T 2900.73-2008,195-01-01] 3.17.3 (Partly The electric potential of the part where the earth is in electrical contact with the ground electrode is not necessarily equal to zero. [Source. GB/T 2900.73-2008,195-01-03] 3.17.4 Grounding The conductive part that is buried in a specific conductive medium (such as concrete or coke) and has electrical contact with the ground. [Source. GB/T 2900.73-2008,195-02-01] 3.17.5 Ground conductor A conductor that provides a conductive path or part of a conductive path between a given point in a system, device, and equipment and the ground electrode. [Source. GB/T 2900.73-2008,195-02-03] 3.17.6 Grounding configuration All electrical connections and devices included in the grounding of systems, devices and equipment. Note. On the high-voltage side, it may be locally connected grounding electrodes. [Source. GB/T 2900.73-2008, 195-02-20, modified---added note] 3.17.7 Protective grounding Ground one or more points in a system, device or equipment for electrical safety. [Source. GB/T 2900.73-2008,195-01-11] 3.17.8 Functional ground Grounding one or more points in a system, device or equipment for purposes other than electrical safety. [Source. GB/T 2900.73-2008,195-01-13] 3.18 Automatically cut off the power When a fault occurs, the protection device automatically disconnects the affected conductor or conductors. Note. This does not mean to cut off all conductors of the power system. [Source. GB/T 2900.73-2008, 195-04-10, modified---"When a failure occurs" replaces "Fault" and adds a note] 4 Basic rules for electric shock protection 4.1 Overview Electric shock is defined as the physiological effect of electric current flowing through people or livestock. Physiological effects may be harmful (e.g. ventricular fibrillation, burning Injury and suffocation), see 4.2~4.5; or harmless (such as muscle response and perception), see 4.6. Under the following circumstances, dangerous live parts should not be accessible, and accessible conductive parts should not be dangerous live parts. ---Under normal conditions (working under the expected use conditions specified in 3.6 in ISO /IEC Guide51.2014, and there is no malfunction); or ---Under a single fault condition. Note. The accessibility rules stipulated for general personnel may be different from those of skilled technicians or trained personnel, and may vary depending on the product and location. It varies from one to another. For high-voltage devices, systems and equipment, entering a hazardous area is considered equivalent to touching dangerous live parts. Basic protection provides protection under normal conditions (see 4.2). Fault protection provides protection under single fault conditions (see 4.3). If any If necessary, additional protection (see 4.4) can be used as an integral part of protective measures where applicable. The protection regulations for enhanced protection (see 4.3.3) can provide protection under normal conditions and single fault conditions. 4.2 Normal conditions To meet the requirements for protection against electric shock under normal conditions in the basic rules, the basic protection described in this standard is essential. The relevant requirements of the protection regulations for basic protection are given in 5.2. In order to provide requirements for devices and equipment, the following sections are specified. ● High voltage (HV) Use special measures, especially grounding configuration to ensure protection against electric shock. ● Low voltage (LV) Use basic protection and general fault protection to ensure electric shock protection. Extra low voltage (ELV) is part of the low voltage section. When using extra low voltage (ELV), no fault protection is required. Under certain conditions, the basic protection is provided by the limited voltage. These ones Conditions include contact area, humidity, voltage, current and others defined by the special application. Table 1 specifies the different voltage limits for the above sections. The values in Table 1 are based on the following conditions. ● Communication system ---The root mean square value of phase-to-ground voltage and phase-to-phase voltage in the grounding system; ---The root mean square value of the phase-to-phase voltage in an ungrounded or ineffectively grounded system. ● DC system ---Pole-to-ground voltage and voltage between poles in the grounding system; ---Voltage between poles in ungrounded or ineffectively grounded systems. 4.3 Single fault condition 4.3.1 Overview The following conditions are considered to be a single failure. ---Accessible non-hazardous live parts become dangerous live parts (for example, due to the failure of measures to limit steady-state contact current and charge); or ---Uncharged conductive parts that can be touched under normal conditions become dangerous live parts (e.g. due to exposed conductive parts Damage to basic insulation); or --- Dangerous live parts become accessible (for example, due to mechanical damage to the outer sheath). To meet the basic rules under single fault conditions, fault protection and additional protection under certain circumstances are essential. This kind of Protection can be achieved by the following methods. --- Use further protection provisions independent of the basic protection (see 4.3.2); or --- Adopt enhanced protection regulations with both basic protection and failure protection functions (see 4.3.3). All relevant effects need to be considered. See 5.3 for the relevant requirements of the fail-safe regulations. 4.3.2 Adopt independent protection regulations Each independent protection regulation should be designed so that it is unlikely to fail under the conditions specified by the relevant technical committee. Independent protection regulations should not affect each other, so that the failure of one protection regulation will not damage other protection regulations. It is unlikely that independent protection regulations will fail at the same time, so it is usually not considered. Reliance on unaffected protection regulations that are still in effect. 4.3.3 Adopt protection regulations that strengthen protection The performance of strengthening the protection regulations is to achieve the same continuous protection effect achieved by two independent protection regulations. See 5.4 for the relevant requirements for strengthening the protection regulations. 4.4 Additional protection If the expected use will increase inherent risks, such as in areas where people are in low-impedance contact with ground potential, the technical committee should consider possible May need to specify additional protection. This additional protection can be provided within the device, system or equipment. See 5.5 for additional protection requirements. A single failure situation caused by one or more subsequent failures shall be considered a single failure condition. 4.5 Electric burn protection The technical committee shall propose protective measures against electric burns in its standards. Since the current flowing through the human body or livestock has sufficient density and duration, it may cause electric burns. Arcs can also cause burns. Even if only a small part of the body is involved, it can lead to serious consequences. Note 1.Deep burns and other internal injuries or surface burns may occur. Note 2.Refer to GB/T 13870.1-2008 for various electric burn technical data, and refer to IEC 60990 for measurement methods. 4.6 Protection from physiological effects that do not affect health 4.6.1 Overview The technical committee should consider whether to include the following effects in its criteria. Current flowing through the human body but not directly harmful, may cause discomfort or danger (such as causing startle reactions). This may also involve perception threshold, pain threshold or thermal perception. 4.6.2 Muscle response According to GB/T 13870.1-2008, when the current flowing through people or livestock is AC-2 area or DC when AC 15Hz~100Hz In the area of DC-2, muscles will contract unconsciously. AC frequency not exceeding 100Hz or DC ripple coefficient not exceeding 10%, the contact voltage response threshold should not exceed the values listed in Table 2. 4.6.3 Contact current effect of electrostatic discharge Startle reactions may also occur when electrostatic discharge current flows through the human body or livestock. 4.6.4 Thermal effects Heat perception may occur wh... ......Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al. 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