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GB/T 1591-2018: High strength low alloy structural steels Delivery: 9 seconds. True-PDF full-copy in English & invoice will be downloaded + auto-delivered via email. See step-by-step procedure Status: Valid GB/T 1591: Historical versions
GB/T 1591-2018: High strength low alloy structural steels---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT1591-2018NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ICS 77.140.01 H 40 GB/T 1591-2008 High strength low alloy structural steels Issued on: MAY 14, 2018 Implemented on: FEBRUARY 01, 2019 Issued by. State Market Regulatory Administration; Standardization Administration of China. Table of ContentsForeword... 3 1 Scope... 5 2 Normative references... 5 3 Terms and definitions... 8 4 Designation representation... 9 5 Ordering content... 9 6 Size, shape, weight... 10 7 Technical requirements... 11 8 Test methods... 25 9 Inspection rules... 26 10 Packaging, marking and quality certificate... 28 Appendix A (Informative) Domestic and international standards’ designation comparison... 29 High strength low alloy structural steels1 ScopeThis Standard specifies the designation representation method, ordering content, size, shape, weight, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, packaging, marking, and quality certificate of high strength low alloy structural steel. This Standard is applicable to high strength low alloy structural steel plates, steel strips, steel sections, steel bars, etc. for general structural and engineering purposes. Its chemical composition is also applicable to steel billets.2 Normative referencesThe following documents are essential to the application of this document. For the dated documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable to this document; for the undated documents, only the latest version (including all the amendments) are applicable to this Standard. GB/T 222 Permissible tolerances for chemical composition of steel products GB/T 223.3 Methods for chemical analysis of steels and alloys - Determination of phosphorus content by diantipyryl methane phosphomolybdate gravimetric method GB/T 223.9 Iron steel and alloy - Determination of aluminum content - Chrome azurol S photometric method GB/T 223.11 Iron, steel and alloy - Determination of chromium content - Visual titration or potentiometric titration method GB/T 223.14 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy - The N- Benzoyl-N-Phenylhydroxylamine extraction photometric method for the determination of vanadium content GB/T 223.17 Methods for chemical analysis of steels and alloys – Diantipyryl methane photometric method for the determination of titanium content GB/T 223.18 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy - The sodium thiosulfate separation iodometric method for the determination of copper content YB/T 4427 General requirements for surface condition of hot-rolled sections3 Terms and definitionsThe following terms and definitions apply to this document. 3.1 As-rolled; AR or WAR The status of steel which is not subject to any special rolling and/or heat treatment. [Translator’s note. As “hot-rolled” and “as-rolled” are identical in Chinese, therefore, this Translation might not be able to identify the nuances between “hot-rolled” and “as-rolled”] 3.2 Normalized The heat treatment process of steel by heating it to a suitable temperature above the temperature of the phase transition point, then cooling it in air to a temperature below a certain phase transition point. 3.3 Normalizing rolling +N The rolling process – the final deformation is performed in the rolling process within a certain temperature range, LET the steel to reach an as-rolled status, so as to facilitate that, even-though after normalizing, it still can reach the specified mechanical property values. Note. For normalizing rolling, it is also referred to as “controlled rolling” in some publications.4 Designation representation4.1 The steel designation consists of four parts. the initial Pinyin Q of the yield strength “Qu”, the specified minimum upper yield strength value, the delivery status code, and the quality-grade symbol (B, C, D, E, F). Note 1.When the delivery status is as-rolled, the delivery status code AR or WAR can be omitted; when the delivery status is normalized or normalizing rolling, the delivery status code is indicated by N. Note 2.Q + The specified minimum upper yield strength value + delivery status code, abbreviated as “steel-grade”. Example. Q355ND, where. Q - The initials of the Chinese Pinyin “Qu” of the yield strength of steel; 355 - The minimum value of the specified upper yield strength, in megapascal (MPa); N - The delivery status is normalizing or normalizing rolling; D - The quality-grade is D. 4.2 When the purchaser requires the steel plate to have thickness-direction performance, a symbol representing the thickness direction (Z-direction) performance level, such as Q355NDZ25, is added after the above-mentioned specified designation.5 Ordering content5.1 Contracts or orders placed under this Standard shall include the following. a) This Standard number; b) Product type; c) Steel designation (steel-grade + quality-grade); d) Size, shape and tolerance (see clause 6); e) Delivery weight (or quantity); f) Selection contents of all requirements (see clause 5.2). 5.2 After consultation between the supplier and the buyer, and indicated in the contract, the following contents can be selected as the ordering content of this Standard. If the purchaser does not specify when providing the inquiry and ordering, the product is supplied as specified in 5.1. a) Carbon equivalent or weld crack sensitivity index (Pcm) (see 7.1.3, Table 6); b) Added alloying elements and their contents (see 7.1.6, Table 1, Table 3, Table 5); c) The lower chemical composition limit when supplying commodity steel billet (see 7.1.8); d) Finished-product analysis (see 7.1.9); e) Smelting methods (see 7.2); f) Impact-test’s temperature and impact-test’s sampling direction (see Table 11); g) Bending test (see 7.4.3); h) Properties of the steel in the thickness direction (see 7.1.7, 7.4.1.4 and 9.2.3); i) Surface quality (see 7.5.1.5, 7.5.2.4, 7.5.3.2, 7.5.4.2); j) Non-destructive testing (see 7.6); k) Sampling position of the impact specimen (see 8.3).6 Size, shape, weight6.1 The size, shape, weight and allowable deviation of hot-rolled steel bars [Translator’s note. “hot-rolled” and “as-rolled” are identical in Chinese] shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 702, the specific groups shall be indicated in the contract. 6.2 The size, shape, weight and allowable deviation of hot-rolled steel sections shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 706, the specific group shall be specified in the contract. 6.3 The size, shape, weight and allowable deviation of hot-rolled steel sheets and strips shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 709, the specific accuracy categories shall be indicated in the contract. 6.4 The size, shape, weight and allowable deviation of hot-rolled H-section steel and split T-section steel shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 11263. 6.5 Steels of other sizes, shapes and allowable deviations may be supplied upon agreement between the supplier and the purchaser.7 Technical requirements7.1 Steel designations and chemical composition 7.1.1 The designation and chemical composition of the hot-rolled steel (melting analysis) shall comply with the requirements of Table 1, the carbon equivalent value shall comply with the requirements of Table 2. 7.1.2 The designation and chemical composition of the normalized and normalized rolled steel (melting analysis) shall comply with the requirements of Table 3, the carbon equivalent value shall comply with the requirements of Table 4. 7.1.3 The designation and chemical composition of the thermomechanical processed steel (melting analysis) shall comply with the requirements of Table 5, the carbon equivalent value shall comply with the provisions of Table 6.When the carbon content of the thermomechanical processed steel is not greater than 0.12%, it should use the weld crack sensitivity index (Pcm) instead of the carbon equivalent to evaluate the weldability of the steel. The Pcm value shall meet the requirements of Table 6.After consultation between the supplier and the buyer, it may specify using the carbon equivalent or weld crack sensitivity index to evaluate the weldability of the steel; when it is not specified, the supplier may choose either one. 7.1.4 Carbon equivalent (CEV) is calculated from the smelting analysis component in accordance with formula (1). The weld crack sensitivity index (Pcm) is calculated from the smelting analysis component in accordance with formula (2). 7.1.5 If the content of nitrogen in steel is guaranteed by the supplier, it can be exempted from analysis. 7.1.6 In order to improve the performance of the steel, the alloy elements other than those specified in Table 1, Table 3 and Table 5 may be added to the steel by agreement between the supplier and the buyer, the alloying elements and their contents shall be indicated in the quality certificate. 7.1.7 When the purchaser requires guaranteeing thickness direction performance steel plate, the sulfur content shall meet the requirements of GB/T 5313. 7.1.8 When supplying steel billets, in order to ensure that the mechanical properties of the steel meet the requirements of this Standard, the lower limit of the chemical composition of each element may be determined by both parties through negotiation. 7.1.9 When the purchaser requires performing the chemical composition analysis of the finished-product, the finished-product analysis shall be carried out, the chemical composition tolerance shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 222. 7.1.10 See Appendix A for the domestic and foreign designation comparison. 7.2 Smelting method The steel is smelted by a converter or an electric furnace, and if necessary, it can be refined outside the furnace. Unless the purchaser has special requirements and is indicated in the contract, the smelting method is generally selected by the supplier. 7.3 Delivery status The steel is delivered in as-rolled, normalizing, normalizing rolling or thermomechanical processed (TMCP) status. Note. The normalizing state includes a normalizing plus tempering status, the thermomechanical processed (TMCP) status includes thermomechanical processed (TMCP) plus tempering status. 7.4 Mechanical properties and process properties 7.4.1 Stretching 7.4.1.1 The tensile properties of hot-rolled steel shall comply with the requirements of Tables 7 and 8. 7.4.1.2 The tensile properties of normalizing and normalizing rolling steel shall comply with the requirements of Table 9. 7.4.1.3 The tensile properties of thermomechanical processed (TMCP) steels shall comply with the requirements of Table 10. 7.4.1.4 In accordance with the requirements of the purchaser and as stated in the contract, when the thickness direction performance of the steel plate is required, the reduction ratio of the section in the thickness direction of the steel shall be in accordance with GB/T 5313. 7.4.1.5 For steel plates and strips with a nominal width of not less than 600 mm, transverse test specimens shall be taken for tensile tests; longitudinal specimens shall be taken for tensile tests of other steels. 7.4.2 Charpy (V-notch) impact 7.4.2.1 The test temperature and shock absorption energy of the Charpy (V- notch) impact test of steel shall comply with the requirements of Table 11. 7.4.2.2 Steels with a nominal thickness of not less than 6 mm or a nominal diameter of not less than 12 mm shall be subject to an impact test. The size of the impact specimen shall be standard specimen of 10 mm × 10 mm × 55 mm; when the steel is insufficient for the preparation of the standard specimen, it shall use the small-sized specimen of 10 mm × 7.5 mm × 55 mm or 10 mm × 5 mm × 55 mm, the shock absorption energy shall be not less than 75% or 50% of the value specified in Table 11, respectively, the larger-sized specimens shall be preferred. Note. For steel sections, the thickness refers to the thickness of the prepared specimen as specified in GB/T 2975. 7.4.3 Bending 7.4.3.1 In accordance with the requirements of the purchaser, the steel may be subject to a bending test, the indicators shall comply with the requirements of Table 12. 7.4.3.2 If the supplier can guarantee the bending test is qualified, it may not be tested. 7.5 Surface quality requirements 7.5.1 Steel plate 7.5.1.1 There shall be no harmful defects such as blisters, crusting, cracks, folding, inclusions and inclusive iron oxide scale on the surface of the steel plate. The steel sheet shall not have visually visible delamination. 7.5.1.2 The surface of the steel plate is allowed to have a thin layer of iron oxide scale, rust and inconspicuous roughness, texture, pitting, scratches and other partial defects caused by the intrusion of the scale and the roll, but the depth shall not be greater than half the tolerance of the steel plate thickness and shall ensure the minimum thickness allowed for the steel plate. 7.5.1.3 The surface defects of the steel plate are allowed to be removed by grinding or other methods. The cleaning place shall be smooth and free from sharp edges, the cleaning depth shall not be greater than the negative deviation of the thickness of the steel plate, and it shall ensure the minimum thickness allowed by the steel plate. 7.5.1.4 If there are defects on the surface of the steel plate that cannot be cleaned in accordance with 7.5.1.3, as negotiated between the supplier and the purchaser, they can be repaired by welding and shall comply with the following requirements. a) Use appropriate welding methods; b) Before the welding, use the method of leveling or grinding or other appropriate method to completely remove the harmful defects from the steel plate, the depth of the removed part is within 20% of the nominal thickness of the steel plate. The total grinding area of one side shall be within 2% of the area of the steel plate; c) There must be no undercut or overlap on the edge of the welded part of the steel plate, and the stack height shall be 1.5 mm or more above the rolling surface, then the stacking height shall be removed by leveling or grinding method, etc.; d) Heat treatment shall be carried out again after welding repair of heat treated steel plate. 7.5.1.5 After consultation between the supplier and the purchaser, the surface quality of the steel plate may also meet the requirements of GB/T 14977. 7.5.2 Steel strip and its cut steel plate 7.5.2.1 The surface of the steel strip shall be free of defects such as crusting, cracks, folding, inclusions, blisters and iron oxide indentation which are harmful to use. The steel strip shall not have visible delamination. 7.5.2.2 The surface of the steel strip is allowed to have a thin layer of iron oxide scale, rust and slight pitting, scratches and other partial defects. The depth or height shall not exceed half of the thickness tolerance of the steel strip, and it shall ensure the allowable minimum thickness of the steel strip. 7.5.2.3 The steel is allowed to be delivered with partial defects, but the defective portion shall not exceed 6% of the total length of each steel strip. 7.5.2.4 After consultation between the supplier and the purchaser, the surface quality of the steel strip may also meet the requirements of GB/T 14977. 7.5.3 Steel sections 7.5.3.1 The surface quality of steel sections shall comply with the provisions of relevant standards. 7.5.3.2 The surface quality of the steel sections may also follow the provisions of YB/T 4427 after consultation between the supplier and the purchaser. 7.5.4 Steel bars 7.5.4.1 The surface quality of steel bars should comply with the provisions of relevant standards. 7.5.4.2 After consultation between the supplier and the purchaser, the surface quality of the steel bar can be as specified in GB/T 28300. 7.6 Non-destructive testing After consultation between the supplier and the purchaser, the internal quality of the steel may be inspected by non-destructive testing. The testing criteria and requirements shall be as specified in the contract.8 Test methods8.1 The inspection items and test methods for each inspection of steel shall comply with the requirements of Table 13. 8.2 The chemical composition test of steel is generally carried out in accordance with GB/T 4336, GB/T 20123, GB/T 20124, GB/T 20125 or general chemical analysis methods. During arbitration, it is carried out in accordance with GB/T 223.3, GB/T 223.9, GB/T 223.11, GB/T 223.14, GB/T 223.17, GB/T 223.18, GB/T 223.23, GB/T 223.26, GB/T 223.37, GB/T 223.40, GB/T 223.60, GB/T 223.63, GB/T 223.68, GB/T 223.69, GB/T 223.76, GB/T 223.78, GB/T 223.84 and GB/T 20125. 8.3 When the purchaser has no special requirement, the sampling position of the impact test shall be as follows. a) For steel sections, it shall be in accordance with the provisions of Figure A.3 of GB/T 2975-2018; b) For round steel, when the nominal diameter d ≤ 25 mm, 25 mm < d ≤ 50 mm and d > 50 mm, it shall be respectively in accordance with the provisions of a), b), d) of Figure A.5 of GB/T 2975-2018; c) For square steel, when the side length is not greater than 50 mm, it shall be in accordance with the provisions of a) of Figure A.9 of GB/T 2975- 2018; when the side length is greater than 50 mm, it shall be in accordance with the provisions of b) in Figure A.9 of GB/T 2975-2018; d) For steel plates, when the nominal thickness is not greater than 40 mm, it shall be in accordance with the provisions of a) in Figure A.11 of GB/T 2975-2018; when the nominal thickness is greater than 40 mm, it shall be in accordance with b) of Figure A.11 of GB/T 2975-2018.9 Inspection rules9.1 Inspection and acceptance The inspection and acceptance of steel materials shall be carried out by the technical supervision department of the supplier. 9.2 Batching rules 9.2.1 Steel shall be accepted in batches. Each batch shall be composed of steel of the same designation, the same furnace-number, the same specification and the same delivery status. The weight of each batch shall not be greater than 60 t, however, two rolling coils of steel strip and continuous rolling sheet of volume- weight greater than 30 t may form a batch; for the steel sections smelted by converter with a volume greater than 200 t, the weight per batch shall be not greater than 80 t. Through negotiation between the supplier and the purchaser, 2 batches can be tested per furnace. 9.2.2 Q355B-grade steel allows the formation of mixed batch by the steels of the same designation, the same smelting and pouring method, the same specification, the same production process system, the same delivery status or the same heat treatment system, different furnace-number. However, each batch shall not be more than 6 furnace-numbers, and the difference in carbon content between the furnace-numbers is not greater than 0.02%, the difference in Mn content is not greater than 0.15%. 9.2.3 For steels requiring thickness direction mechanical properties test, the batching rules shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 5313. 9.3 Sampling quantity The sampling locations and sampling quantities of each batch of steel are as shown in Table 13. 9.4 Re-inspection and decision rules The re-inspection and decision of steel shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 17505. ......Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al. 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