GB 16486-2008 English PDFUS$679.00 · In stock
Delivery: <= 3 days. True-PDF full-copy in English will be manually translated and delivered via email. GB 16486-2008: The limits and measurement methods of fuel consumption for mopeds Status: Obsolete GB 16486: Historical versions
Basic dataStandard ID: GB 16486-2008 (GB16486-2008)Description (Translated English): The limits and measurement methods of fuel consumption for mopeds Sector / Industry: National Standard Classification of Chinese Standard: T80 Classification of International Standard: 43.140 Word Count Estimation: 17,146 Date of Issue: 2008-12-31 Date of Implementation: 2009-07-01 Older Standard (superseded by this standard): GB/T 15744-1995 ial; GB/T 16486-1996 ial Quoted Standard: GB/T 1884; GB/T 5378-1994; GB/T 5384-1996; GB 18176-2007 Adopted Standard: ISO 7859-2000, NEQ Regulation (derived from): Announcement of Newly Approved National Standards No. 23 of 2008 (No. 136 overall) Issuing agency(ies): General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China Summary: This Chinese standard specifies the mopeds fuel consumption limits and measurement methods. This standard applies to mopeds. GB 16486-2008: The limits and measurement methods of fuel consumption for mopeds---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.The limits and measurement methods of fuel consumption for mopeds ICS 43.140 T80 National Standards of People's Republic of China Replacing GB/T 15744-1995, GB/T 16486-1996 Mopeds Fuel Consumption Limits and methods of measurement (ISO 7859.2000Mopeds-Fuelconsumptionmeasurements, NEQ) Posted 2008-12-31 2009-07-01 implementation Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of People's Republic of China Standardization Administration of China released ForewordAppendix to this standard are recommended, the rest are mandatory. 2000 "Moped Fuel consumption. ISO 7859 This standard and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO ) 2000 came into force May 1 Measurement Methods "(first edition in English) of non-equivalent. This standard and ISO 7859. compared to 2000, the following major changes. --- ISO 7859 normative references a chapter of international standards referenced in this standard references to the corresponding national standards; --- Delete the contents of ISO 7859 in the run cycle, a direct reference to the provisions of the operating cycle GB 18176-2007; --- Adjust the order of chapters; --- Increased fuel consumption limit content; --- Deletion of Part A of Appendix. This standard replaces GB/T 15744-1995 "for motorcycles and fuel consumption limits" and GB/T 16486-1996 "Mount Motorcycles and mopeds fuel consumption test method "in the relevant content and mopeds. And GB/T 15744-1995 and GB/T 16486-1996 compared to the standard main changes are as follows. --- Fuel consumption limits only in accordance with the two- and three types divided according to the number of strokes canceled, according to the three-wheeled, sidecar, riding, Pedestal type division method; --- Fuel consumption is weighted value Ⅰ type testing and type Ⅱ two part test measurements; increased Ⅰ type tests (prescribed Measured under conditions operating cycle average fuel consumption) content, changing the type Ⅱ test (measurement of the average fuel consumption at constant speed) of Speed, number of trials and value methods. The Standard Appendix A, Appendix B is a normative appendix. For new certification models, implementation of this standard as from 1 July 2009; For the production models, this standard since January 1, 2010 Since implementation. This standard was proposed by the National Development and Reform Commission. This standard by the National Automotive Standardization Technical Committee. This standard was drafted. Shanghai Motorcycle Research Institute, Tianjin Motorcycle Technology Center, Zhejiang Qianjiang Motorcycle Co., Ltd. The main drafters of this standard. full-Yi Feng, Guo, the new, He Wenjie, Wang Qing, GUO Shao, Sun Weimin. This standard replaces the standards previously issued as follows. --- GB 4567-1984; --- GB/T 15744-1995; --- GB/T 16486-1996. Mopeds Fuel Consumption Limits and methods of measurement1 ScopeThis standard specifies the mopeds Fuel Consumption Limits and methods of measurement. This standard applies to mopeds.2 Normative referencesThe following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this standard and become the standard terms. For dated references, subsequent Amendments (not including errata content) or revisions do not apply to this standard, however, encourage the parties to the agreement are based on research Whether the latest versions of these documents. For undated reference documents, the latest versions apply to this standard. GB/T 1884 crude oil and liquid petroleum products - Laboratory determination of density (density meter method) (GB/T 1884-2000eqv ISO 3675. 1998) GB/T 5378-1994 road test for motorcycles and mopeds - General GB/T 5384-1996 maximum speed motorcycles and mopeds Test Method GB 18176-2007 mopeds emission limits and measurement methods (case law, China stage Ⅲ)3 Terms and DefinitionsGB 18176-2007 established and the following terms and definitions apply to this standard. Mopeds traveling speed fuel consumption test (Ⅱ type test) when.4 Test types and test conditions4.1 Test Types Mopeds should be two types of tests. 4.1.1 Ⅰ type test (measurement of the average fuel consumption under the conditions specified operating cycle) Ⅰ type test on a chassis dynamometer, test uses GB 18176-2007 Appendix C C. The second predetermined operation cycle. once The test consists of two consecutive operating cycles. 4.1.2 Type Ⅱ test (measurement of the average fuel consumption at constant speed) Ⅱ type test on the road or chassis dynamometer, measuring fuel consumption by the test according to the reference speed driving. 4.2 Environmental conditions Test environment should meet the following conditions. --- Relative humidity. less than 95%; --- Maximum wind speed. 3m/s or less; --- The maximum gust wind speed. 5m/s or less; --- Ambient temperature. 278K ~ 303K. 4.3 standard conditions Standard conditions were as follows. --- Atmospheric pressure. P0 = 100kPa; --- Temperature. T0 = 293K; Relative air density when tested in accordance with the formula (1) calculated with the standard air density difference between the state should not exceed 7.5%. T0 TT (1) Where. PT --- test at atmospheric pressure, in units of kilopascals (kPa); TT --- test temperature when the unit is Kelvin (K).5 Test preparation5.1 Test Vehicle 5.1.1 motorcycle manufacturer or its authorized representative shall submit with Appendix A product description information. 5.1.2 Test by test according to manufacturer technical documentation requirements for running, and in a normal state of operation. 5.1.3 Check tightness of the intake system and fuel supply system, to ensure that the mixture will not be affected by accidental intake. 5.1.4 adjustment shall be subject to the provisions of the test carried out technical documentation. Tire pressure should comply with the technical documentation. 5.1.5 The test subject should be checked before commissioning; that test should be consistent with the description of the company's technical documentation; shall be able to travel, to the hot and cold state Normal starting state. 5.1.6 before the test, that test should be preheated with, in order to achieve a normal state, the company's technical documents. There is no requirement, the vehicle GB 18176-2007 should press Appendix C C. on a chassis dynamometer The 2 operating cycle requirements, four warm-up run loop operation Turn; if the test carried out on the road, by the test should be under normal driving conditions, driving at least 15min, so that the engine and transmission to reach Normal thermal state. 5.1.7 test, the quality of the crew and vehicle load should be consistent with GB/T 5378-1994 standards, plus equipment for the crew 75kg. Quality should be measured fuel consumption measuring device, and more than the quality recorded in the test record. Axle and rear axle load distribution between the front 5.1.8 shall meet the requirements of manufacturers of technical documentation. When installing the measuring instruments on the test car When the device should be made on the original load distribution is minimized. 5.1.9 installed on the outside of mopeds fuel consumption measuring device and the vehicle speed sensor, should try to make the additional air resistance is reduced Min. 5.2 Fuels and lubricants To the test with GB 18176-2007 provisions of fuel. Density test fuel according to standard GB/T 1884, measured as. Hydrogen - carbon ratio using a fixed value, gasoline was 1.85. Engine oil should be in accordance with the grade and quantity, the company technical documentation requirements will be Configuration. 6 Ⅰ type test (measurement of the average fuel consumption under the conditions specified operating cycle) 6.1 operating cycle on the chassis dynamometer Mopeds GB 18176-2007 run cycle in accordance with Appendix C C. Rule 2 set. 6.2 test device 6.2.1 Chassis dynamometer The main characteristics of the chassis dynamometer shall comply with GB 18176-2007 Appendix C C. 4.1 provisions. When measuring fuel consumption measurement systems for fuel consumption, distance traveled and time should be synchronized. 6.2.2 Method and apparatus for measuring fuel consumption Fuel consumption shall be measured in one of the following methods, measurement method used depends on the characteristics and testing methods for each class Type (Ⅰ Type Ⅱ type test or test). a) flow measurement method; b) volume measurement method; c) weighing measurement method; d) measuring the carbon balance method (applies only with four-stroke engine mopeds). Interpretation method of measurement, see Appendix B B. 1. If you can prove the same results, also allows the use of other test methods. 6.2.2.1 Appendix B B. 2 is a fuel consumption measuring equipment installation requirements and instructions for use. Fuel should adopt an Appendix B B. 2 consistency, accuracy of ± 2% of the fuel supplied to the engine flow measuring device, and this device should ensure that the performance of the engine from Movies ring. When using volume measurement system shall be measured fuel temperature or fuel temperature at the exit of the apparatus. Transition from the normal fuel supply system to the measuring system shall be implemented through a valve system, the conversion time should not be greater than 0.2s. 6.2.2.2 When measured by the carbon balance method, test equipment and devices with the same requirements GB 18176-2007. 6.3 Measurement procedures 6.3.1 Chassis dynamometer according to GB 18176-2007 Appendix C C. 5.1, and C. 5.2 Adjustment. 6.3.2 measurements by GB 18176-2007 Appendix C C. 6 provides procedures performed. In accordance with Appendix B of measuring fuel consumption Operation of the instrument. According to GB 18176-2007 Appendix C C. When using the carbon balance method 7 provisions of the exhaust gas sampling, analysis and volume measurements. 6.4 Fuel consumption measurement Every two consecutive operating cycle fuel consumption as a measurement value. 6.5 determine the measurement results 6.5.1 in accordance with 6.4 for three consecutive measurements of fuel consumption, the arithmetic average of 3 measurements as the final measurement. In every second Between measurements, allowing no more than the idling stage of 60s, during idle without fuel consumption measurement. 6.5.2 If the maximum difference between the measured value does not exceed 5% of the average of the measurements, the results of this measurement is valid, or should again Measure until the A value calculated according to 6.5.3 not more than 5%. 6.5.3 A value according to formula (2). A = K × Ju 槡 like × 100 FC (2) Where. K --- isolated from Table 1; Table 1 K value table Shaped 45678910 K 3.2 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.3 槡 like 1.6 1.25 1.06 0.94 0.85 0.77 0.73 --- Like the number of measurements; Ju --- standard deviation by the formula (3) is calculated; Ju = Like - Sang 1 (3) Like an arithmetic mean value of the FC --- FC, in units of liters per 100 km (L/100km). 6.5.4 If the other vehicle after 10 measurements, A value is still greater than 5%, should be replaced by the same type of measurement. 6.5.5 Fuel consumption calculation result rounded to two decimal places. 7 Ⅱ type test (measurement of the average fuel consumption at constant speed) 7.1 Test conditions 7.1.1 Type Ⅱ test shall be carried out on the road or chassis dynamometer. 7.1.2 fuel consumption measuring device installation and usage requirements, see 6.2.2.1. 7.2 Measurement road 7.2.1 drivers and driving position 7.2.1.1 The driver should wear protective clothing and helmet. Driver's height of 1.75m ± 0.05m, weighs 75kg ± 5kg. 7.2.1.2 driving position When driving, the driver should sit predetermined driving position, his hands control the direction of the feet on the pedals, arms should be normal stretch. Measurement The amount of the process, the driver should maintain the same posture unchanged. 7.2.2 Test the road 7.2.2.1 test road shall be the length of 2000m or more, the minimum turning radius of 200m or more closed ring road, or can be both positive and negative Two-way traffic, length of 500m or more straight road. 7.2.2.2 test road surface shall be covered with asphalt, asphalt, concrete or equivalent material. 7.2.2.3 road test should be horizontal, longitudinal slope must not exceed 1%, and the height difference between any two points must not exceed 1m, cross slope must not exceed 3%. 7.2.2.4 test road shall be flat, dry and clean. 7.2.2.5 Test Interval. 500m. 7.3 chassis dynamometer measurement methods 6.3.1 when set on the chassis dynamometer test. 7.4 Test Method 7.4.1 The test shall be in the highest gear, the maximum speed of mopeds to 90% and 30km/h as the reference speed. Mopeds Maximum speed according to the provisions of GB/T 5384 is measured. In the next two tests optimum reference speed value obtained as the measurement result type Ⅱ trial. 7.4.2 Fuel consumption measurements 7.4.2.1 In a stable reference speed fuel consumption measurements, tests should be carried out four times, in which the average speed of 2 times lower than the reference vehicle Speed, the other two times the average speed is higher than the reference speed. During the trial, by commissioning a traveling speed tolerance should be controlled at ± 2km/h within. The average speed and the reference speed is less than the difference between each test 2km/h. Fuel consumption for each test shall formula (5), equation (6) calculation. 7.4.2.2 poor average speed of less than 2 times the test reference speed fuel consumption should be less than the average of the two tests to give the 5%; the average speed is higher than the reference speed of the second test has the same requirements. Fuel consumption at the reference speed shall be used as shown in FIG. 1 Calculated by linear interpolation. 7.4.2.3 If any pair of calculated values can not meet the conditions of 7.4.2.2, the test should be repeated 4 times. If 10 groups Test can not meet the above requirements, shall be elected for other mopeds of the same type, the above order retest. NOTE. × crosshairs (four intersections) and with the calculated values for each test, respectively. FCⅡ average fuel consumption is linearly interpolated from the reference speed vp under Consumption. The average fuel consumption at the reference speed 1 The method of calculation of fuel consumption and limits 8.1 Fuel consumption calculation Fuel consumption according to the formula (4) Calculated. FC = 0.6 × FCⅠ + 0.4 × FCⅡ (4) Where. FCⅠ --- Ⅰ type tests measured fuel consumption, in units of liters per 100 km (L/100km); Fuel consumption FCⅡ --- Ⅱ Test with linear interpolation obtained under the reference speed, in units of liters per 100 km (L/100km). 8.2 Ⅰ and Ⅱ type test test fuel consumption calculation 8.2.1 If the volume measurement of fuel consumption, fuel consumption FC according to formula (5) Calculated. [1 + α (T0-T)] S × 100 (5) Where. Q --- measured fuel consumption in liters (L); volume expansion coefficient [alpha] --- fuel, gasoline 0.001K-1; T0 --- standard temperature (293K), the unit is Kelvin (K); T --- Fuel temperature in Kelvin (K); S --- Vehicle test set from the volume of the fuel with the unit in kilometers (km). 8.2.2 If the fuel consumption is weighing measurement, fuel consumption FC according to formula (6) Calculated. ρ × S × 100 (6) Where. Fuel density ρ --- standard condition (293K) under, in kilograms per liter (kg/L); S --- test vehicle traveling the distance unit in kilometers (km). 8.2.3 If the carbon balance method of measuring fuel consumption, fuel consumption FC according to formula (7) Calculated. × [(0.429 × MCO) + (0.866 × MHC) + (0.273 × MCO2)] (7) Where. MCO --- carbon monoxide emissions in grams per kilometer (g/km); MHC --- hydrocarbon emissions in grams per kilometer (g/km); MCO2 --- carbon dioxide emissions in grams per kilometer (g/km); Fuel density ρ --- standard condition (293K) under, in kilograms per liter (kg/L). 8.2.3.1 emissions of gaseous pollutants by the formula (8) is calculated. M j = (8) Where. --- Pollutant emissions M j j, measured in grams per kilometer (g/km); Vp mix --- corrected to standard conditions (273.2K and 101.33kPa) diluted exhaust gas volume, in liters per test (L/test); J --- C concentration of pollutants in the diluted exhaust gas j and press the content of the dilution air pollutants j is corrected in units of volume concentration 10-6; if C j volume expressed as a percentage, is 10-6 factor is replaced by 10-2; S --- distance traveled during the test, the unit in kilometers (km). 8.2.3.2 Volume Determination Variable dilution device 8.2.3.2.1 When a plate or Venturi tube control constant flow calculation volume, volume flow continuously records show Parameters and calculate the total volume of the test period. 8.2.3.2.2 When using a positive displacement pump volume calculation according to formula (9) include computing diluted exhaust gas volume displacement pump within the system. Vp = Vp 0 × N (9) Where. Vp --- diluted exhaust gas volume (before correction), in liters per test (L/test); Under test conditions the volume V0 --- pumped out of the gas volume, in liters per revolution (L/r); N --- the number of revolutions of each test, in revolutions (r). 8.2.3.2.3 The diluted exhaust gas volume corrected to standard conditions. According to formula (10) was diluted exhaust gas volume correction. Vp mix = Vp × K1 × PpTp (10) Where. K1 --- factor. K1 = 273.2101.33 = 2.6961 (K × kPa-1) (11) Absolute pressure Pp --- displacement pump inlet, in units of kilopascals (kPa); The average temperature entering the positive displacement pump during the test Tp --- diluted exhaust gas, expressed in Kelvin (K). 8.2.3.3 calculate sampling bag corrected concentration of pollutants C j = Ce-Cd 1- 1 () DF (12) Where. C j --- dilution air concentrations of pollutants in the diluted exhaust gas j j pollutant content after correction in units of volume or concentration of 10-6%; Ce --- j diluted exhaust pollutants measured concentration in units of volume or concentration of 10-6%; Cd --- j dilution air pollutant concentrations measured in units of volume or concentration of 10-6%; DF --- dilution factor is calculated as follows. DF = 14.5CCO2 + 0.5CCO + CHC (13) Where. CCO2 --- diluted exhaust gas sampling bags of CO2 concentration in units of volume concentration (%); CCO --- diluted exhaust gas sampling bag concentration of CO, the unit is volume concentration (%); CHC --- sampling bag HC concentration of the diluted exhaust gas, expressed in% volume concentrations. Case 8.2.4 Fuel/lubricant mixture For mixed-lubricated two-stroke mopeds, should be calculated by subtracting the lubricating oil consumption. 8.3 mopeds Fuel consumption limits in Table 2 and Table 3. Table 2 two mopeds Fuel Consumption Limits engine capacity mL ≤50 Fuel consumption limits L/100km 2.0 Table 3 three mopeds Fuel Consumption Limits engine capacity mL ≤50 Fuel consumption limits L/100km 2.3Appendix A(Normative) Mopeds Product Description A. 1, the company name (trademark) A. 2 Vehicle Type A. 3 vehicle mass Vehicle curb mass kg Rated load kg A. 4 Transmission manual/automatic Transmission ratio (ratio) number Ratios (manual transmission) First Gear ......Tips & Frequently Asked Questions:Question 1: How long will the true-PDF of GB 16486-2008_English be delivered?Answer: Upon your order, we will start to translate GB 16486-2008_English as soon as possible, and keep you informed of the progress. The lead time is typically 1 ~ 3 working days. The lengthier the document the longer the lead time.Question 2: Can I share the purchased PDF of GB 16486-2008_English with my colleagues?Answer: Yes. 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