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GB/T 5454-1997: Textiles. Burning behaviour. Oxygen index method Delivery: 9 seconds. True-PDF full-copy in English & invoice will be downloaded + auto-delivered via email. See step-by-step procedure GB/T 5454: Historical versions
GB/T 5454-1997: Textiles. Burning behaviour. Oxygen index method---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT5454-1997GB NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ICS 59.080.01 W 04 neq ISO 4589.1984 Replacing GB 5454-1985 Textiles - Burning behavior - Oxygen index method (neq ISO 4589.1984) Issued on. JUNE 09, 1997 Implemented on. DECEMBER 01, 1997 Issued by. State Bureau of Technical Supervision Table of ContentsForeword... 3 1 Scope... 5 2 Normative references... 5 3 Definitions... 5 4 Principles... 6 5 Health and safety of testing personnel... 6 6 Equipment and materials... 6 7 Specimen and humidity conditioning... 8 8 Test procedures... 9 9 Calculation and result representation... 10 10 Test report... 13 Appendix A (Normative) Calculation of oxygen concentration... 14 Appendix B (Informative) Relationship between oxygen concentration and oxygen, nitrogen flow... 15 Appendix C (Informative) Equipment calibration... 19 Appendix D (Informative) Test result example... 20ForewordThis standard non-equivalently adopted the international standard ISO 4589. 1984 “Plastics - Burning behavior - Oxygen index method”. It combined the characteristics of the textiles to make modification of the national standard GB 5454-85.Its main technical contents and test methods and procedures are consistent with international standard. This standard inherits the main technical content of the previous version, makes supplementary and editorial changes of the name of the standard, the arrangement of the clauses, and the technical content. It adds the “foreword”, deletes the additional instructions, and incorporates the content into theforewordThe name of this standard has been changed to “Textiles - Burning behavior - Oxygen index method”. In clause 1 “Scope”, ADD the test methods contents under which conditions as specified by this standard, in the scope of determination, ADD “including single- component and multi-component”. In this standard, ADD clause 2 “Normative references”, ADD foreign terms corresponding to 3 nouns and 4 nouns, ADD clause 5 “Testing personnel health and safety”. In clause 6, MODIFY the “instrument” into “equipment and material”, MAKE editorial changes of the contents, ADD one clause “Gas decompressor”. In clause 7, MODIFY the “specimen” into “specimen and temperature conditioning”. MODIFY the number of specimen cutting into “take at least 15 pieces along warp and weft for general textiles”, DELETE the specimen preparation test method that “It shall sew three 8 ~ 11 Nm glass fiber when testing the textiles made by fused fiber”. MODIFY “The specimen shall be balanced for over 24 h” into “The specimen is subject to humidity conditioning for 8 ~ 24 h depending on its thickness to make it reach temperature equilibrium”. In clause 8, ADD “determination of initial oxygen concentration”, “increase - decrease method”, and “determination of limiting oxygen index” to replace clause 6.7 of the original standard. In clause 9 of this standard, for the oxygen index calculation, ADD three clauses “k-value coefficient determination table”, “verification of oxygen concentration interval”, and “precision”. In this standard, ADD “Appendix A Calculation of oxygen concentration”, CHANGE the name of “Appendix A References” into “Appendix B”, ADD “Appendix C Calibration of equipment” and “Appendix D Example of typical test results”. This standard was first published in 1985 and revised in 1995. Appendix A of this standard is normative. Appendix B, Appendix C, and Appendix D of this standard are informative. This standard replaced GB 5454-85 from the effective date. This standard was proposed by the China Textile Federation. This standard shall be under the jurisdiction of the China Textile Federation Standardization Institute. Drafting organizations of this standard. China Textile Association Standardization Institute. The main drafters of this standard. Jin Chunxiu, Zhao Shuqing. Textiles - Burning behavior - Oxygen index method1 ScopeThis standard specifies the test methods for determining the minimum oxygen concentration (also known as limiting oxygen index) required to maintain the burning of the specimen in the mixed flow of oxygen and nitrogen when the specimen is vertical. This standard applies to the determination of burning behavior of various types of textiles (including single-component or multi-component), such as woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, non-woven fabrics, coated fabrics, laminated fabrics, composite fabrics, carpets (including flame retardant treated and untreated). This standard is only used to determine the burning behavior of textiles under laboratory conditions and to control the quality of the products. It cannot be used as a basis for assessing the risk of fire under actual conditions of use, or it can only be used to analyze one of the factors when a special purpose material catches fire.2 Normative referencesThe provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards will be revised and all parties using this standard shall explore the possibility of using the latest version of the following standards. GB 6529-86 Standard atmospheres for textiles conditioning and testing3 DefinitionsThis standard uses the following definitions. 3.1 Afterflame time Under the specified test conditions, the duration during which the material continues flame burning after moving the fire source away. 3.2 Afterglow time Under the specified test conditions, the duration during which the material continues to flameless burning after the flame burning is terminated or after the (point) source of ignition is removed.4 PrinciplesThe specimen is vertically clamped on the specimen holder and placed in the combustion cylinder. In the upflowing oxygen-nitrogen gas stream, the upper end of the specimen is ignited, to observe the combustion characteristics, and to compare the afterflame time or the damaged length with the specified limiting value.5 Health and safety of testing personnelSmoke and gases from the burning of textile materials are toxic and can affect the health of workers. The test equipment can be installed in a fume hood.6 Equipment and materials6.1 Oxygen index instrument (see Figure 1). Equally effective instruments can also be used. 6.1.1 Combustion cylinder. It consists of a heat-resistant glass tube with an inner diameter of at least 75 mm and a height of at least 450 mm. The bottom of the cylinder is connected to the inlet pipe and filled with glass beads with a diameter of 3 ~ 5 mm, the height is 80 ~ 100 mm. A metal mesh is placed above the glass beads to withstand possible dripping during combustion and keep the bottom of the cylinder clean. 6.2 Gas source. Industrial oxygen and nitrogen. 6.3 Gas decompressor. It can indicate the high pressure in the cylinder of not less than 15 MPa and ensure the gas supply pressure 0.1 ~ 0.5 MPa. 6.4 Igniter. A tube with an internal diameter of 2 mm ± 1 mm is charged with propane or butane gas, one end of the tube is fired, the flame height can be regulated by gas valve, to ensure that it can reach above the combustion cylinder to ignite the specimen, the flame height is 15 ~ 20 mm.7 Specimen and humidity conditioning7.1 Specimen shall be cut from the part away from the textile at a distance 1/10 breadth, the size of each specimen is 150 mm x 58 mm. For general fabrics, take at least 15 pieces each in the warp (longitudinal) weft (transverse) direction, respectively.8 Test procedures8.1 Test device inspection. OPEN the valves of gas supply part, arbitrarily SELECT the mixed gas concentration, at the flow rate around 10 L/min, CLOSE the outlet and inlet valve, RECORD the pressure and flow of oxygen, nitrogen, and mixed gas. LET it be standing for 30 min, then OBSERVE the values indicated on each pressure gauge and flow meter, COMPARE with the values recorded before, it indicates that there is no gas leakage of the device if there is no deviation. 8.2 Test temperature and humidity. The tests are carried out in the atmosphere at a temperature of 10 ~ 30 °C and a relative humidity of 30% ~ 80%. 8.3 Initial selection of specimen oxygen concentration. 8.4 INSTALL the specimen in the middle of the specimen holder and fix it. Then INSERT the specimen holder with the specimen vertically in the specimen holder in the combustion glass cylinder. 8.5 Open the oxygen and nitrogen valves, to regulate the corresponding oxygen and nitrogen flow as found from Appendix B, to let the regulated gas flow and flush the combustion cylinder for at least 30 s before the ignition of specimen, this flow rate is maintained unchanged in the ignition and combustion process. 8.6 Ignite the igniter. 8.7 Determination of initial oxygen concentration. USE any interval as a variable, USE the “increase - decrease method” to perform test in accordance with clause 8.7.1 ~ 8.7.3”. 8.7.1 When the specimen is self-extinguishing immediately after ignition, when the afterflame time or afterglow time is less than 2 min, or when the damaged length is not reaching 40 mm, it indicates that the oxygen concentration is too low, the reaction symbol is recorded as “O”, and it must increase the oxygen concentration. 8.8 Determination of limiting oxygen concentration. 8.8.1 USE the initial oxygen concentration co, while maintaining the oxygen concentration interval of d = 0.2% to repeat the operations of clause 8.7.1 ~ 8.7.2, to determine a series of oxygen concentration value and the corresponding symbol, wherein the last reaction symbol “O” or “X” is the first data in 8.8.2 in NL series determination by oxygen index (see Appendix D).9 Calculation and result representation9.1 Calculation of limiting oxygen index The limiting oxygen index LOI is expressed in volume percentage and is calculated in accordance with formula (1). 9.2.2 If the last five oxygen index values are determined by the test in 8.8.1, the first reaction symbol is “O”, find the corresponding reaction symbol of the last five determinations from the column 6 of Table 1, and find the K value factor corresponding to the “X” number from Table 1 (b), but the symbol of K value is contrary to the signs of positive and negative numbers in the table. 9.3 Verification of oxygen concentration interval Oxygen concentration interval verification is calculated in accordance with 9.4 Precision For easily ignited and flammable materials, this method has the accuracy shown in Table 2. ......Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al. 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