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GB/T 51450-2022 English PDF

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GB/T 51450-2022: (Metal and non-metal mine filling engineering technical standards)
Status: Valid

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GB/T 51450-2022	1079	Add to Cart	8 days	(Metal and non-metal mine filling engineering technical standards)	Valid

Similar standards

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Basic data

Standard ID: GB/T 51450-2022 (GB/T51450-2022)
Description (Translated English): (Metal and non-metal mine filling engineering technical standards)
Sector / Industry: National Standard (Recommended)
Word Count Estimation: 54,560
Date of Issue: 2022-09-08
Date of Implementation: 2022-12-01
Issuing agency(ies): Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China; State Administration for Market Regulation
Summary: This standard applies to the engineering design, production operation and quality inspection of metal and non-metal underground mine filling.

GB/T 51450-2022: (Metal and non-metal mine filling engineering technical standards)

---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
1 General 1.0.1 This standard is formulated in order to standardize the engineering design, production operation and quality inspection of mine filling, improve the technical level of mine filling in my country, and promote the popularization and application of filling mining method. 1.0.2 This standard applies to the engineering design, production operation and quality inspection of metal and non-metal underground mine filling. 1.0.3 Metal and non-metal mine filling shall not only meet the provisions of this standard, but also meet the relevant current national standards. 2 terms 2.0.1 mine backfill The operation process of filling the underground mined-out area with sand, stone and other materials. 2.0.2 backfill material Including filling aggregates, cementitious materials, water, and admixtures to improve the performance of filling slurry. 2.0.3 Backfill aggregate The inert material that plays the role of filling and skeleton in the filling body. 2.0.4 tailings Under the current economic and technological conditions, the concentrator grinds the ore finely, selects useful components and discharges solid waste. 2.0.5 Unclassified tailings Unclassified full-grained tailings. 2.0.6 classified tailings Coarse grit used for mine filling after tailings classification. 2.0.7 particle size distribution The proportion of the particle content of each grade that constitutes the material to the total material, usually expressed as a percentage. 2.0.8 Cementitious material binder Under physical and chemical action, it can change from slurry to solid stone-like body, and can cement other materials to form a composite solid material with certain mechanical strength. 2.0.9 backfill slurry Filling aggregates, cementitious materials, etc. are mixed with water to form a slurry. 2.0.10 Recipe of backfill slurry The mass ratio relationship between the filling materials in the filling slurry. 2.0.11 Solid content of backfill slurry The percentage of the dry mass of filling aggregate and cementitious material to the total mass of filling slurry. 2.0.12 Settling ratio of backfill slurry The ratio of the volume of the filling slurry to the volume of the filling body after final setting or consolidation. 2.0.13 Filling body backfill Filling materials are solid or loose matter formed by dehydration, consolidation, hardening and other processes. 2.0.14 stope backfill The filling material is filled into the filling body formed in the underground empty space such as the stope. 2.0.15 backfill specimen Filling body samples obtained by casting or drilling and coring for the purpose of testing or quality inspection. 2.0.16 backfill strength The limit stress that the filling body can keep itself from being damaged when it resists external force. 2.0.17 filling system backfill system The general term for the equipment, facilities and structures used to collect, process and store filling materials. It is prepared into filling slurry and transported to the goaf. 2.0.18 cemented backfill The filling material contains gelatinous material, which can harden the filling slurry and have a certain strength of mine filling. 2.0.19 Uncemented backfill The filling material does not contain cementitious materials, and the filling aggregate can be consolidated or piled up. 2.0.20 Hydraulic backfill Water is used as the transport carrier, and the filling material is transported to the goaf through pipelines in a two-phase fluid state. 2.0.21 Paste backfill The filling material is transported to the goaf through pipelines in the state of structural fluid, and there is no need to set up a filling method for dehydration facilities in the goaf. 2.0.22 waste rock filling rock backfill It is a filling method in which mine excavation waste rock or crushed waste rock is used as filling material to fill the goaf.

3 filling materials

3.1 General provisions 3.1.1 Filling materials should meet the relevant requirements of my country's environmental protection and safety, and should not have harmful effects on the human body, the environment and the performance of the filling body. 3.1.2 The selection of filling aggregates should meet the following requirements. 1 Filling aggregates should meet the relevant provisions of the current national standard "General Industrial Solid Waste Storage and Landfill Pollution Control Standard" GB 18599; 2 The filling aggregate should be mine solid waste such as tailings waste rock or general industrial solid waste; 3 Aggregate with a sulfur content exceeding 8% should not be used for cemented filling. 3.1.3 The cementitious material shall be cement or other materials with cementitious effect. 3.1.4 The water quality requirements for filling water shall meet the following requirements. 1 pH must not be less than 5; 2 SO42- content shall not exceed 2700mg/L. 3.1.5 Before the preliminary design of the filling system construction scheme, the filling material test shall be completed. 3.1.6 When the filling material changes or its properties change, the corresponding filling material test should be carried out again. 3.2 Filling material sampling 3.2.1 Filling material samples should be representative. 3.2.2 For mines that use tailings filling and have not yet built a concentrator, it is advisable to select the tailings produced by the continuous separation test. 3.2.3 Checkerboard sampling should be adopted for bulk aggregates. 3.2.4 The sampling quantity of the filling material should be 1.5 times greater than that required for the test. 3.2.5 Cementitious materials should be protected from moisture during laboratory storage and should be used within the shelf life. 3.3 Laboratory filling material preparation 3.3.1 The tailing mortar should be air-dried naturally to an air-dry state. It should be mixed evenly by ring-cone method, moving-cone method or rolling method, and should be packaged in batches according to the test plan. 3.3.2 Before the test, the moisture content of the filling aggregate should be measured, and the filling material proportion should be calculated based on the moisture content of the filling aggregate. 3.3.3 When mixing filling materials in the laboratory, the amount of materials should be measured by mass. The allowable deviation of aggregate weighing is ±0.5%; the allowable deviation of gelling material, water and admixture is ±0.2%. 3.3.4 The laboratory filling slurry should be mechanically stirred, and the stirring time should not be less than 180s. 3.4 Physical and chemical tests of aggregates 3.4.1 The test parameters of physical properties of aggregates should include density, particle size, porosity and permeability coefficient, and the test methods should be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Standards for Soil Test Methods" GB/T 50123. 3.4.2 The chemical composition and content of aggregates should be tested. 3.4.3 The particle size composition test of aggregates should meet the following requirements. 1 Aggregate with a particle size greater than 74 μm should adopt the sieving test method; 2 For aggregates with a particle size less than or equal to 74 μm, laser particle size analysis test method, wet sieving method, and water analysis method should be used. 3.5 Cementitious material test 3.5.1 The standard consistency water consumption, setting time, and stability tests of cementitious materials should be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Cement Standard Consistency Water Consumption, Setting Time, and Stability Test Methods" GB/T 1346. 3.5.2 The cement strength test shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Cement mortar strength test method (ISO method)" GB/T 17671. 3.6 Tailings settlement test 3.6.1 The tailings settlement test should be carried out for the filling process of tailings mortar prepared by gravity sedimentation and concentration. 3.6.2 Static natural settlement test shall be carried out for graded tailings filling, and the settlement velocity, solid flux and maximum underflow concentration under different feed concentrations shall be recorded. 3.6.3 For full tailings filling, static natural settlement test and static flocculation settlement test shall be carried out. It is advisable to supplement the dynamic flocculation and sedimentation test for the concentration of the deep cone thickener, and record the sedimentation velocity, solid flux, maximum underflow concentration and overflow water suspended matter under the conditions of different feed concentrations, different flocculants and different additions of the same flocculant concentration. 3.6.4 The tailings settlement test shall be carried out in accordance with Appendix A of this standard. 3.7 Performance test of filling slurry 3.7.1 Bleeding test, setting time test, slump test, expansion test, filling settlement ratio test, rheological test, and pipeline transportation test should be used for the performance test of filling slurry. 3.7.2 Bleeding test and setting time test of filling slurry shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of the current national standard GB/T 50080 Standard for Performance Test Methods of Ordinary Concrete Mixtures. 3.7.3 For paste slurry or hydraulic filling slurry containing waste rock, crushed stone and other coarse aggregates, it is advisable to carry out the filling slurry slump test to evaluate the slurry flow performance, and the slump test should be in accordance with the current national standard "General Concrete mixture performance test method standards "GB/T 50080 the relevant provisions of the implementation. 3.7.4 For the hydraulic filling slurry of tailings and other fine aggregates, it is advisable to carry out the expansion test of the filling slurry to evaluate the flow performance of the slurry. The expansion test should be carried out in accordance with Appendix B of this standard. 3.7.5 The filling settlement ratio test shall be carried out in accordance with Appendix C of this standard. 3.7.6 Rheological parameters such as yield stress and viscosity coefficient of filling slurry should be measured by rotational rheometer and capillary viscometer. 3.7.7 Pipeline transportation parameters such as along-path resistance loss and local resistance loss of filling slurry pipeline should be measured through pipeline transportation test. 3.8 Strength test of filling body 3.8.1 The strength of cemented filling body should be determined by uniaxial compressive strength test. 3.8.2 The shape and size of the test mold for measuring the uniaxial compressive strength of the cemented filling body shall meet the following requirements 1 It is advisable to use a Φ75mm×150mm cylinder for test mold; 2 When the filling aggregate contains coarse aggregate such as waste rock and crushed stone, the diameter of the cylinder test mold should be 4 times greater than the maximum particle size of the coarse aggregate, and the height of the test mold should be 2 times the diameter of the test mold. 3.8.3 Test equipment should meet the following requirements. 1 The test mold shall consist of a cylinder and base plate of rigid material. There should be no water leakage in the test mold. The error of the test mold diameter should be less than 1/200D. The flatness tolerance of the base plate of the trial mold shall not exceed 0.02mm. The angle between the longitudinal axis of the test mold cylinder and the bottom plate should be 90°, and the allowable tolerance is 0.5°. 2 The allowable deviation of the pressure testing machine measurement is ±1%, and the failure load of the specimen should be less than 80% of the full scale. 3 The measuring range of the vernier caliper should not be less than.200mm, and the division value should be 0.02mm. 3.8.4 The production of test pieces shall meet the following requirements. 1 Before making the test piece, the inner surface of the test mold should be coated with a thin layer of mineral oil or a release agent that does not react with the filling material; 2 The preparation of filling slurry shall comply with the provisions in Section 3.3 of this standard; 3 When pouring the test mold, the filling slurry shall not overflow; 4 After pouring, the test mold opening should be covered immediately, and the test mold should be put into the standard curing room or curing box; 5 Each group of test pieces should not be less than 3. 3.8.5 The maintenance of test pieces shall meet the following requirements. 1.The specimens should be cured with molds. The curing temperature should be 20°C ± 2°C, and the relative humidity should be greater than 90%, or the temperature and humidity of filling gobs should be used for curing; 2 The curing age of the specimen should be determined according to the requirements of the mining method on the filling body, and 3d, 7d, 28d, 60d, 90d, etc. can be selected. 3.8.6 The uniaxial compressive strength test shall be carried out according to the following steps. 1 After the test piece reaches the curing age, take out the formwork and check the size and shape of the test piece. The upper end surface of the test piece should be ground and leveled; 2 The height of the test piece should not be lower than 1.8 times of the diameter; the height of the test piece should be measured with a vernier caliper, and the measurement result should be accurate to 0.1mm; A total of 6 measurements were taken, and the arithmetic mean of the measurements was taken as the measurement result, which should be accurate to 0.1mm; 3 Place the test piece between the upper and lower pressure plates of the testing machine, and the longitudinal axis of the test piece should be aligned with the center of the pressure plate; 4 Turn on the testing machine, the surface of the test piece should be in uniform contact with the upper and lower pressure bearing plates or steel backing plates; the pressure plate of the testing machine should be in close contact with the end surface of the test piece, and no foreign matter should be caught 5.Select an appropriate rate for continuous loading. The time from the beginning of loading to the failure of the specimen should not be less than 2 minutes, and then record the failure load F. 3.8.7 The uniaxial compressive strength test results shall be calculated according to the following formula. 1 The diameter of the test piece is to be calculated according to the following formula. 3.8.8 The determination of uniaxial compressive strength test results shall meet the following requirements. 1 Take the arithmetic mean value of the test results of three specimens as the compressive strength value of the cylindrical specimen, and the compressive strength value should be accurate to 0.01MPa; 2 When the difference between the maximum or minimum value and the median value exceeds 15% of the median value, the median value shall be used as the compressive strength test value; 3 When the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value and the median value exceeds 15% of the median value, it should be judged that the test results of this group are invalid.

4 Filling system design

4.1 Filling method 4.1.1 The filling method should be hydraulic filling, paste filling and waste rock filling. 4.1.2 The filling method shall be comprehensively determined based on factors such as the source and nature of filling materials, mining method requirements, and economic benefits. 4.2 Calculation of filling capacity 4.2.1 The working system design of the filling system should meet the following requirements. The number of working days in a year should be the same as the number of mining operation days; 2 Small mines should have one shift per day, large and medium mines should have two to three shifts per day, and the effective working time of each shift should be 5h to 6h. 4.2.2 The filling capacity shall be calculated according to the following formula The annual average filling volume should be calculated according to the following formula. 4.3 Filling preparation station site 4.3.1 The site selection of the filling preparation station should meet the following requirements.

1 It should be located outside the mining movement zone

2 It is advisable to make use of topographic and topographical conditions; 3 Concentrated arrangement should be adopted, and dispersed arrangement can be adopted when the ore body strike length is large or many ore bodies are dispersed. 4.3.2 The site of the filling preparation station shall carry out engineering geological survey. 4.4 Preparation of filling aggregate 4.4.1 The preparation of tailings aggregate should meet the following requirements. 1 When full tailings or graded overflow tailings are used for filling, the paste filling method should be selected; 2 When the hydraulic filling method using graded tailings as the filling aggregate, the permeability coefficient of the tailings should be greater than 8cm/h. 4.4.2 The concentration of tailings should be concentrated by gravity sedimentation or by filtration. The sedimentation and concentration devices should adopt sand bins, deep cone thickeners, etc., and the filtration and concentration devices should use vacuum filters, filter presses, etc. 4.4.3 The concentration of the sand bin shall meet the following requirements. 1 There should not be less than 2 vertical sand bins or horizontal sand bins; 2 The sand bin should be equipped with a feeding well at the center of the top, and a slurry making device should be installed at the bottom; 3 The sand discharge pipeline of the sand bin should be equipped with spare valves; 4 An overflow tank should be provided on the top of the vertical sand bin. 4.4.4 Deep cone thickener thickener should meet the following requirements. 1 The content of tailings smaller than 38) m in the particle size composition of tailings should not be less than 40%; 2 The selection of deep cone thickener equipment should be determined according to the tailings settlement test. 4.4.5 The preparation of waste rock aggregates shall meet the following requirements. 1 The particle size of waste rock coarse aggregate filled with paste should not be greater than 20mm; 2 The waste rock cemented filling shall adopt the cement slurry direct pouring self-drenching mixing method, and when the waste rock aggregate particle size is less than 5mm, the content should not be greater than 20%; 3 When the surface waste rock aggregate is transported underground by gravity or mechanical means for waste rock filling, the size of the waste rock should not be greater than 150mm 4.When the waste rock excavated underground is directly used for non-cemented filling of waste rock out of the pit, natural grading should be adopted. 4.5 Storage and feeding of cementitious materials 4.5.1 The cementitious material should be stored in a silo, and a dust removal device should be installed on the top of the silo. 4.5.2 The design of the silo should be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Code for Design of Nonferrous Metal Mining" GB 50771. 4.5.3 The silo should be equipped with facilities to avoid the filling of the silo. 4.5.4 The feeding device should have the functions of metering and conveying. 4.6 Filling material mixing 4.6.1 The mixing and stirring of hydraulic filling slurry and paste filling slurry s......

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Question 2: Can I share the purchased PDF of GB/T 51450-2022_English with my colleagues?

Answer: Yes. The purchased PDF of GB/T 51450-2022_English will be deemed to be sold to your employer/organization who actually pays for it, including your colleagues and your employer's intranet.

Question 3: Does the price include tax/VAT?

Answer: Yes. Our tax invoice, downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, includes all tax/VAT and complies with 100+ countries' tax regulations (tax exempted in 100+ countries) -- See Avoidance of Double Taxation Agreements (DTAs): List of DTAs signed between Singapore and 100+ countries

Question 4: Do you accept my currency other than USD?

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