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GB/T 451.2-2023: Paper and board - Part 2: Determination of grammage Delivery: 9 seconds. True-PDF full-copy in English & invoice will be downloaded + auto-delivered via email. See step-by-step procedure Status: Valid GB/T 451.2: Historical versions
Similar standardsGB/T 451.2-2023: Paper and board - Part 2: Determination of grammage---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT451.2-2023GB NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ICS 85.060 CCS Y 32 Replacing GB/T 451.2-2002 Paper and Board – Part 2.Determination of Grammage (ISO 536.2019, Paper and Board – Determination of Grammage, MOD) Issued on. DECEMBER 28, 2023 Implemented on. JULY 1, 2024 Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation; Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. Table of ContentsForeword... 3 Introduction... 6 1 Scope... 7 2 Normative References... 7 3 Terms and Definitions... 7 4 Principle... 8 5 Instruments... 8 6 Sampling... 8 7 Specimen Treatment... 9 8 Test Procedures... 9 9 Expression of Results... 9 10 Test Report... 11 Appendix A (Informative) Comparison of Structure Numbers between This Document and ISO 536.2019... 12 Appendix B (Normative) Determination of Oven-Dry Grammage and As-Taken Grammage... 13ForewordThis Document was drafted as per the rules specified in GB/T 1.1-2020 Directives for Standardization – Part 1.Rules for the Structure and Drafting of Standardizing Documents. This Document is Part 2 of GB/T 451.GB/T 451 consists of the following parts. --- Paper and Board – Determination of Size and Deviation (GB/T 451.1); --- Part and Board – Determination of Grammage (GB/T 451.2); --- Paper and Board – Determination of Thickness (GB/T 451.3). This Document replaced GB/T 451.2-2002 Part and Board – Determination of Grammage. Compared with GB/T 451.2-2002, the major technical changes of this Document are as follows besides the structural adjustments and editorial modifications. a) Add the terms and definitions of "oven-dry grammage" and "as-taken grammage" (see Clause 3 of this Edition); b) Change the calculation method of the area when the cutting area of the sample cutting equipment reaches the accuracy (see 5.1 of this Edition, 5.1 of the 2002 edition); add the accuracy requirements for the measurement size of each specimen when the cutting area accuracy of the sample cutting equipment does not reach the specified requirements (see 5.1 of this Edition); c) Delete the instrument calibration (see 5.3 of the 2002 Edition); d) Add paper and board grammage determination instruments and drying ovens (see 5.3 and 5.4 of this Edition); e) Change sampling quantity of the sample (see Clause 6 of this Edition; Clause 6 of the 2002 Edition); and add the sampling requirements for as-taken grammage determination (see Clause 6 of this Edition); f) Change the description of the standard operation when the available sample area is limited (see 8.1 of this Edition; 8.1 of the 2002 Edition); g) Add grammage calculation using paper and board grammage tester (see 9.2 of this Edition); h) Add calculation of grammage deviation (see 9.3 of this Edition); i) Change test report (see Clause 10 of this Edition; Clause 10 of the 2002 Edition); j) Add determination of oven-dry grammage and as-taken grammage (see Appendix B of this Edition). This Document modified and adopted ISO 536.2019 Part and Board – Determination of Grammage. Compared with ISO 536.2019, this Document has more structural adjustments. See Appendix A for a comparison of the structure number changes between the two documents. The technical differences and causes between this Document and ISO 536.2019 are as follows. a) Change the description of the Scope (see Clause 1 of this Document; Clause 1 of ISO 536.2019) to comply with the drafting rules of China's national standardization documents; b) Add the terms and definitions of "oven-dry grammage" and "as-taken grammage" (see Clause 3 of this Document) to facilitate user understanding; c) Change the requirements for balance accuracy selection (see 5.2 of this Document; 5.2 of ISO 536.2019) to facilitate operation; d) Deleted the area requirements for the paper and board grammage measuring instrument to weigh a single piece of specimen (see 5.3 of ISO 536.2019) to adapt to the current situation of the industry in China; e) Add instrument oven (see 5.4 of this Document) to facilitate operation; f) Change the normative references for the sampling of paper and board and the measurement of the longitudinal and transverse directions and the front and back of the specimens; and replace ISO 186 with GB/T 450 (see Clause 6 of this Document) to facilitate industry operation; g) Change the description of sampling, sampling area and test steps (see Clause 6 and 8.1 of this Document; Clauses 6 and 8 of ISO 536.2019) to be consistent with the specifications of the commonly used standard samplers in laboratories and adapt to the current situation of the industry in China; h) Change the normative references of standard atmospheric conditions for the processing and testing of paper, board and pulp specimens; and replace ISO 187 with GB/T 10739 (see Clause 7 of this Document) to facilitate industry operation; i) Add the determination and result expression of the cross-section grammage difference (see 8.3 and 9.4 of this Document) to meet the needs of the industry; j) Add the result expression of the grammage deviation (see 9.3 of this Document) to facilitate operation; k) Change the description of the test report (see Clause 10 of this Document; Clause 10 of ISO 536.2019) and adapt to the current situation of the industry China; l) Change the normative references for the determination of moisture content of paper, board and pulp analysis specimens, and replace ISO 287 (see B.1.1 of this Document) with GB/T 462 to facilitate industry operations; m) Change the expression of grammage sampling (see B.2.1 of this Document) to facilitate user understanding. This Document made the following editorial modifications. --- Delete Appendix B (Informative) “Precision” of ISO 536.2019. Please note some contents of this Document may involve patents. The issuing agency of this Document shall not assume the responsibility to identify these patents. This Document was proposed by China National Light Industry Council. This Document shall be under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee on Papermaking Industry of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 141). Drafting organizations of this Document. Zhejiang Karen Special Material Co., Ltd.; Zhejiang Kaifeng New Material Co., Ltd.; South China University of Technology; Shenzhen Huacheng Packaging Technology Co., Ltd.; Zhejiang Shanying Paper Co., Ltd.; Chian National Pulp and Paper Research Institute Ltd.; Sinolight Paper Inspection & Certification Co., Ltd.; and Sinolight (Jinjiang) Hygiene Products Research Co., Ltd.; Chief drafting staffs of this Document. Wu Dongle, Zuo Jianbo, Li Liangjun, Feng Yafang, Ye Huiren, An Tiantian, Wo Qizhong, Wang Bin, Deng Jihui, Chen Hua, Zhang Qi, Luo Manshu, Cai Fuhan, Chen Ping, Wen Jianyu, Wang Xinting, and Yuan Taojing. The historical editions replaced by this Standard are as follows. --- GB 451-1964 was first-time published in 1964; first-time revised in 1979; --- Second-time revise din 1989; revised the Part 4.Determination of Grammage into GB/T 451.2-1989; third-time revised in 2002; --- It is fourth-time revised hereby.1 ScopeThis Document describes the determination method of grammage of paper and board. This Document applies to the determination of grammage of paper and board.2 Normative ReferencesThe provisions in following documents become the essential provisions of this Document through reference in this Document. For the dated documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable to this Document; for the undated documents, only the latest version (including all the amendments) is applicable to this Document. GB/T 450 Paper and board - Sampling for testing and identification of machine and cross direction wire side and felt side (GB/T 450-2008, ISO 186.2002, MOD)3 Terms and DefinitionsFor the purposes of this Document, the following terms and definitions apply. The mass per unit area of paper and board measured by the specified test method. The mass per unit area of paper and board measured when dried to constant weight at 105 ℃ ± 2 ℃.4 PrincipleMeasure the area and mass of the specimen and calculate the grammage.5 InstrumentsIf mass of the specimen is 5 g or less, use a balance with a graduation value of 0.001 g. If mass of the specimen is more than 5 g and less than 50 g (including 50g), use a balance with a graduation value of 0.01 g. It can keep the temperature at 105℃±2℃.6 SamplingIf the test is used to evaluate a batch of samples, the specimens shall be taken according to GB/T 450.If the test is used to evaluate other types of samples, ensure that the taken specimens are representative. The number of samples shall be no less than 5 pieces; and the total area shall be at least enough to cut 20 pieces of specimens.7 Specimen TreatmentWhen determining the grammage and oven-dry grammage, the specimen treatment and the standard atmospheric conditions of the test shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 10739.8 Test ProceduresIf the sample area is limited and the specified total area of specimen cannot be met, a specimen with a total area of no less than 0.05 m2 shall be used; and the measurement area of the specimen shall be noted in the test report. Weigh the mass of the specimen on a balance (5.2) or a paper and board grammage measuring instrument (5.3).9 Expression of Results9.4 The horizontal grammage difference shall be calculated according to Formula (5) or (6). The relative horizontal grammage difference shall be rounded-off to one digit after the decimal point. When the grammage is less than 100 g/m2, the absolute horizontal grammage difference result shall be rounded-off to one digit after the decimal point; when the grammage is no less than 100 g/m2, the absolute horizontal grammage difference result shall be rounded-off to an integer.10 Test ReportThe test report shall include the following information.Appendix A(Informative) Comparison of Structure Numbers between This Document and ISO 536.2019 ......Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al. 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