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GB/T 33830-2017: Test method for snow grip performance of truck and bus tyres Delivery: 9 seconds. True-PDF full-copy in English & invoice will be downloaded + auto-delivered via email. See step-by-step procedure Status: Valid
Similar standardsGB/T 33830-2017: Test method for snow grip performance of truck and bus tyres---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT33830-2017NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ICS 83.160.10 G 41 Test method for snow grip performance of truck & bus tyres ISSUED ON: MAY 31, 2017 IMPLEMENTED ON: APRIL 01, 2018 Issued by: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China; Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China. Table of ContentsForeword ... 3 1 Scope ... 4 2 Normative references ... 4 3 Terms and definitions ... 4 4 Test methods ... 6 5 Test report ... 22 Annex A (normative) Snow hardness tester ... 24 Test method for snow grip performance of truck & bus tyres1 ScopeThis Standard specifies the method for measuring the grip performance of truck & bus tyres on snowy roads. To reduce measurement deviation, this Standard uses a test method of comparing with standard reference test tyres. This Standard applies to truck & bus tyres.2 Normative referencesThe following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the dated version applies to this document. For undated references, the latest edition (including all amendments) applies to this document. GB/T 6326 Tyre terms and definitions3 Terms and definitionsFor the purpose of this document, terms and definitions defined in GB/T 6326 and the following apply. 3.1 candidate tyre Tyres that are evaluated through tests. 3.2 standard reference test tyre; SRTT A set of special candidate tyres that are used as reference in the evaluation system. To minimize their variation, these tyres have tightly controlled design characteristics, and are produced, controlled and stored according to relevant standards. 3.3 average acceleration; AA Average acceleration calculated from the measured distance recorded when the vehicle accelerates between two specified speeds.4 Test methods4.1 Miniature and light truck & bus tyres with single tyre load index ≤ 121 and speed class of N or higher 4.1.1 Principle Braking method is used for snow grip performance tests for miniature and light truck & bus tyres with single tyre load index ≤ 121 and speed class of N or higher. In this test method, it uses an instrument to test the deceleration performance of the tyre during braking on a test vehicle equipped with ABS system (anti-lock braking system). During the test, the test vehicle travels straight at the specified initial speed, and then brakes urgently to make the ABS of the four wheels of the vehicle acts and decelerate stably, and calculate the average deceleration of the vehicle speed from 25 km/h to 10 km/h. 4.1.2 Test conditions 4.1.2.1 Pavement conditions 4.1.2.1.1 The test snow surface is smooth and even. The length should be more than 500 m, the width should be more than 5 m, and the slope shall not be more than 2 %. 4.1.2.1.2 The snow-covered pavement shall have a layer of hard compacted snow of at least 3 cm thick for the bottom layer, and a compact layer of snow of approximately 2 cm thick for the surface layer. 4.1.2.1.3 For the snow compaction index, it shall select at least 10 points evenly on the entire test surface for measurement, and take the average value. The maximum value and the minimum value shall not differ by more than 8. The average snow compaction index measured using a snow hardness tester (CTI, see Annex A) is between 75 and 85. 4.1.2.2 Climate conditions 4.1.2.2.1 The ambient temperature range measured at approximately 1 m above the ground is -21 °C to -7 °C. 4.1.4.2 Candidate tyres shall be produced in the same batch and kept in the same environment. Burrs, flashings and any foreign matters on the tread shall be removed. Before the test, the surface of tyres in contact with snow shall be clean. 4.1.4.3 Before the test, candidate tyres are pre-run for 100 km on dry paved roads. 4.1.4.4 Candidate tyres shall be assembled near the test site. Candidate tyres shall be installed on the rims used in the test vehicle by conventional installation methods, allowing the use of an appropriate amount of lubricant for ease of installation. All assembled tyres to be tested shall be placed in the same outdoor environment for at least 2 hours, and then the tyre inflation pressure shall be adjusted to the value specified in the test. 4.1.4.5 The vehicle load shall be such that the load applied to tyres is between 60 % and 100 % of the load corresponding to the load index. The tyre load on the same shaft does not differ by more than 10 %. The inflation pressure of candidate tyres is the calculated air pressure value based on the actual load. If the vertical load of the vehicle is less than 75 % of the maximum load capacity of tyres, the test pressure is calculated according to formula (1): where pt - the test pressure; pr - the inflation pressure corresponding to the maximum load capacity. If the vertical load of the vehicle is not less than 75 % of the maximum load capacity of tyres, the test pressure is calculated according to formula (2): where pt - the test pressure; pr - the inflation pressure corresponding to the maximum load capacity; Qt - the actual static load of tyres; Qr - the maximum load force marked at the sidewall of tyres. 4.1.7 Testing snow performance with control tyres 4.1.7.1 General If the specifications of candidate tyres and standard reference test tyres differ greatly and cannot be directly compared on the same vehicle, control tyres may be used for contrast tests. 4.1.7.2 Principle Control tyre and two different test vehicles are used for contrast tests with candidate tyres. One of the test vehicles is suitable for assembling with standard reference test tyres and control tyres, and the other is suitable for assembling with candidate tyres and control tyres. The former is used to evaluate the standard reference test tyres and the control tyres, the latter is used to evaluate the candidate tyres and the control tyres. The two vehicles shall be tested on the same pavement, and the pavement surface temperature difference between the two tests is within 5 °C. The two test vehicles use the same set of four control tyres, which shall be installed in the same position. Environmental conditions shall be comparable. All tests shall be completed in the same day. The snow grip index, SG, of the candidate tyres with respect to the standard reference test tyres is calculated according to formula (12): where SG1 - the relative index of the control tyres to the standard reference test tyres; SG2 - the relative index of the candidate tyres to the control tyres. 4.1.7.3 Requirements for control tyres The control tyres shall be tyres produced in the same factory in the same week. 4.1.7.4 Storage and safekeeping Before the test, they may be stored under normal conditions, but control tyres shall be placed in the same storage conditions as standard reference test tyres. Once the control tyres have been subjected to contrast test with the standard reference test tyres, their storage conditions shall meet the storage requirements of the relevant standard reference test tyres. If the control tyre has irregular wear, damage, or the tyre has worn to the extent that it affects the 4.2.2.2.3 During the test, the temperature change shall not exceed 10 °C. 4.2.2.2.4 During the test, try to avoid direct sunlight and large changes in sunshine or humidity. The wind speed should not exceed 5 m/s. 4.2.2.3 Test vehicle conditions 4.2.2.3.1 The test shall be carried out on a two-shaft standard commercial vehicle in good working condition. The vehicle shall: a) have a lower rear shaft weight and an engine with sufficient power, to ensure that the average slip ratio during the test complies with the requirements of 4.2.5.3 and 4.2.5.4; b) the transmission ratio of the manual transmission (automatic transmission that allows manual shifting) shall cover a range of at least 19 km/h between 4 km/h and 30 km/h; c) it is recommended to install a differential lock on the drive shaft to improve repeatability; d) the test vehicle shall be equipped with a traction control system (ASR, TCS). 4.2.2.3.2 In the special case where a standard commercial vehicle equipped with a traction control system cannot be found, if the vehicle is equipped with a system capable of displaying the slip ratio specified in 4.2.3.5 and a differential lock is installed on the drive shaft, it is allowed to use vehicles without traction control system (ASR, TCS). 4.2.2.3.3 The test vehicle shall be equipped with a calibrated sensor for winter measurements, and the speed and distance data acquisition system shall have the function of storing measurement results. The accuracy of the sensor and system shall be such that the relative uncertainty of the measured or calculated mean fully developed deceleration is less than 1 %. 4.2.2.3.4 The following modifications are possible: a) After the vehicle is modified, the tyre specifications that can be installed on the vehicle can be increased; b) After the vehicle is modified, the automatic acceleration starter and measuring device can be installed. No other modifications to the acceleration system shall be made. 4.2.2.3.5 Vehicle assembly: Two or four candidate tyres can be mounted on the where R - the load radius, in meters (m); n - the revolving speed, in revolutions per second (r/s). π = 3.1416. 4.2.4 Candidate tyres 4.2.4.1 The selection of standard reference test tyres is divided into the following two cases: a) For truck & bus tyres with a nominal section width of less than 285 mm, 245/70R19.5 136/134 M is selected as standard reference test tyres, which shall comply with the requirements of relevant domestic body standards; b) For truck & bus tyres with a nominal section width greater than or equal to 285 mm, 315/70R22.5 154/150 L is selected as standard reference test tyres, which shall comply with the requirements of relevant domestic body standards. 4.2.4.2 Candidate tyres shall be produced in the same batch and kept in the same environment. Burrs, flashings and any foreign matters on the tread shall be removed. Before the test, the surface of tyres in contact with snow shall be clean. 4.2.4.3 Before the test, candidate tyres are pre-run for 100 km on dry paved roads. 4.2.4.4 Candidate tyres shall be assembled near the test site. Candidate tyres shall be installed on the rims used in the test vehicle by conventional installation methods, allowing the use of an appropriate amount of lubricant for ease of installation. All assembled tyres to be tested shall be placed in the same outdoor environment for at least 2 hours, and then the tyre inflation pressure shall be adjusted to the value specified in the test. 4.2.4.5 The air pressure and load of candidate tyre are as follows: a) the driving tyre’s inflation pressure shall be 70 % of the inflation pressure indicated on the sidewall; b) the guiding tyre’s inflation pressure is the inflation pressure indicated on If the specifications of candidate tyres and standard reference test tyres differ greatly and cannot be directly compared on the same vehicle, control tyres may be used for contrast tests. 4.2.7.2 Principle Control tyre and two different test vehicles are used for contrast tests with candidate tyres. One of the test vehicles is suitable for assembling with standard reference test tyres and control tyres, and the other is suitable for assembling with candidate tyres and control tyres. All conditions shall be in accordance with 4.2.2. The former is used to evaluate the standard reference test tyres and the control tyres, the latter is used to evaluate the candidate tyres and the control tyres. The two vehicles shall be tested on the same pavement, and the pavement surface temperature difference between the two tests is within 5 °C. The two test vehicles use the same set of four control tyres, which shall be installed in the same position. Environmental conditions shall be comparable. All tests shall be completed in the same day. The snow grip index, SG, of the candidate tyres with respect to the standard reference test tyres is calculated according to formula (19): where SG1 - the relative index of the control tyre to the standard reference test tyres; SG2 - the relative index of the candidate tyre to the control tyres. 4.2.7.3 Requirements for control tyres The control tyres shall be tyres produced in the same factory in the same week. 4.2.7.4 Storage and safekeeping of control tyres Before the test, they may be stored under normal conditions, but control tyres shall be placed in the same storage conditions as standard reference test tyres. Once the control tyres have been subjected to contrast test with the standard reference test tyres, their storage conditions shall meet the storage requirements of the relevant standard reference test tyres. If the control tyre has irregular wear, damage, or the tyre has worn to the extent that it affects the test results, it cannot be used.5 Test reportThe test report should include the following:Annex A(normative) Snow hardness tester A.1 Conditions of use A.1.1 The compression degree and shear strength of snow have a great influence on the snow traction performance of tyres. These parameters cannot be ignored, but the changes of them can be quantified by vertical and horizontal compaction tests. The CTI snow hardness tester can measure and characterize the compression degree of snow surface. A.1.2 The top of the CTI snow hardness tester is a 1.6 mm radius ball that looks like a plumb (see Figure A.1), and the other end is a measuring rod. Including the knurled nut at the top of the measurement, the entire instrument is adjusted to a weight of 220 g ± 1 g in the laboratory. The height of the measuring rod is adjusted to 218.9 mm ± 0.25 mm. A.1.3 When in use, the ball and measuring rod are freely dropped from the rail with the flange end to the surface to be tested at a predetermined height, and the kinetic energy is converted into vertical insertion and horizontal compression. The insertion distance is directly represented by the number (50 ~ 100) read by the hand-held scale. A.1.4 In order to ensure the consistency of the entire test site, the range of values measured in different areas of the test site shall not exceed 8. A.2 Instructions for use A.2.1 When using the CTI snow hardness tester on site, the instrument shall be placed on the snow surface to ensure that the metal part of the instrument has the same temperature as the snow surface. After each measurement, the head of the measuring rod shall be wiped clean to ensure that there are not too many snowflakes inside the instrument. If there are other factors that cause having snowflakes inside the instrument, the best way is to let the snowflakes melt instead of disassembling the instrument. If it must disassemble the instrument, be sure to identify the location of all components before disassembly. A.2.2 The standard test method is as follows: firstly the vehicle with the normal tyre on the front wheel is driven over the test site, then the vehicle is removed to expose the previous tyre impression; the instrument is placed in the center of the tyre impression; the measuring rod is lifted; gently turn the instrument 45° ......Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al. 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