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GB/T 28545-2023 English PDF

GB/T 28545: Historical versions

Standard IDUSDBUY PDFLead-DaysStandard Title (Description)Status
GB/T 28545-2023RFQ ASK 3 days Directives for rehabilitation and performance improvement for hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines Valid
GB/T 28545-2012RFQ ASK 10 days Guideline for rehabilitation and performance improvement for Hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines Obsolete

Similar standards

GB/T 14478   GB/T 15468   GB/T 14478   GB/T 28546   

Basic data

Standard ID: GB/T 28545-2023 (GB/T28545-2023)
Description (Translated English): Directives for rehabilitation and performance improvement for hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines
Sector / Industry: National Standard (Recommended)
Classification of Chinese Standard: K55
Classification of International Standard: 27.140
Word Count Estimation: 122,151
Date of Issue: 2023-12-28
Date of Implementation: 2024-07-01
Older Standard (superseded by this standard): GB/T 28545-2012
Issuing agency(ies): State Administration for Market Regulation, China National Standardization Administration

GB/T 28545-2023: Directives for rehabilitation and performance improvement for hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines


---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
ICS 27:140 CCSK55 National Standards of People's Republic of China Replace GB/T 28545-2012 Turbines, storage pumps and pump turbines Retrofit and Performance Improvement Guidelines turbines,storagepumpsandpump-turbines (IEC 62256:2017,Hydraulicturbines,storagepumpsandpump-turbines- Published on 2023-12-28 2024-07-01 Implementation State Administration for Market Regulation Released by the National Standardization Administration Committee

Table of contents

Preface Ⅶ 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and Definitions 1 4 Abbreviations 2 5 Reasons for Renovation 2 5:1 Overview 2 5:2 Improving reliability and availability 4 5:3 Repair performance and extended service life 4 5:4 Performance improvements 4 5:5 Improving power station safety 4 5:6 Environmental, social and management issues 4 5:7 Reduce maintenance and operating costs 5 5:8 Other issues to consider 5 6 Renovation work content 5 6:1 Collection and evaluation of data 5 6:1:1 Data collection 5 6:1:2 Data evaluation 6 6:2 Determination of plan 6 6:2:1 General 6 6:2:2 Determination of the transformation scope of various comparison options 7 6:2:3 Cost determination of comparison options 8 6:2:4 Determination of the schedule of the comparison plan 8 6:2:5 Determination of benefits of comparison options 8 6:2:6 Risk management of comparison options 8 6:2:7 Economic analysis of alternative options 9 6:3 Contract terms 9 6:3:1 Overview 9 6:3:2 Technical specifications 9 6:3:3 Tendering and bid evaluation 9 6:3:4 Contract Award 9 6:4 Project implementation 10 6:4:1 Model test 10 6:4:2 Design, construction, installation and testing10 6:5 Compliance assessment of transformation results and guaranteed values 10 6:5:1 Overview 10 6:5:2 Turbine performance evaluation 11 6:5:3 Generator performance evaluation 11 6:5:4 Assessment of penalties and/or rewards11 6:6 Transformation progress, cost analysis and risk analysis11 6:6:1 Schedule 11 6:6:2 Economic and Financial Analysis 13 6:6:3 Sensitivity analysis 16 6:6:4 Conclusion 16 6:7 Risk Analysis 16 6:7:1 General 16 6:7:2 Risk of not achieving expected performance17 6:7:3 Risks of continuing operation without modification17 6:7:4 Risk of extended downtime17 6:7:5 Financial risk18 6:7:6 Project Scope Risks18 6:7:7 Other risks18 7 Assessment and decision-making of the scope of renovation work 19 7:1 Overview 19 7:2 Assessment of hydropower station site conditions 19 7:2:1 Hydrology 19 7:2:2 Actual power generation 20 7:2:3 Environmental, social and related regulations20 7:3 Turbine evaluation 20 7:3:1 General 20 7:3:2 Overall assessment of turbine 21 7:3:3 Turbine performance evaluation 29 7:4 Evaluation and decision-making of unit-related equipment 41 7:4:1 General 41 7:4:2 Generator and thrust bearing 42 7:4:3 Turbine speed regulator 42 7:4:4 Turbine inlet and outlet valves and pressure relief valves 43 7:4:5 Auxiliary equipment 43 7:4:6 Equipment for installation, disassembly and maintenance 43 7:4:7 Penstock and other water passages 43 7:4:8 Impact of changes in water head of power station 44 7:4:9 Power Grid 44 8 Hydraulic design and performance test 44 8:1 General 44 8:2 Hydraulic design calculation 45 8:2:1 General 45 8:2:2 The role of CFD 45 8:2:3 Steps 46 of the CFD cycle 8:2:4 Accuracy of CFD calculations 46 8:2:5 How to apply CFD in renovation 46 8:2:6 Comparison of CFD and model testing 47 8:3 Model test 48 8:3:1 Overview 48 8:3:2 Similarity of model tests 48 8:3:3 Model test content 48 8:3:4 Application of model testing 49 8:3:5 Model test location 50 8:4 Prototype performance test 51 8:4:1 Overview 51 8:4:2 Prototype performance test accuracy51 8:4:3 Types of prototype performance testing51 8:4:4 Results evaluation 52 Appendix A (Informative) Technical Specifications 53 A:1 Overview 53 A:2 Reference Standard 53 A:3 Information to be provided in the bidding documents54 A:4 Documents to be developed during project execution55 Appendix B (Informative) Project Organization 57 B:1 Overview 57 B:2 Organizational Decision Making 57 B:3 Professional advice required57 B:4 Preliminary study of renovation project 58 Appendix C (Informative) Evaluation Example 59 C:1 General 59 C:2 Runner (applicable to mixed flow type, axial flow type and bucket type) 59 C:2:1 Documentation --- available information 59 C:2:2 Design Review 60 C:2:3 Inspection items 60 C:2:4 Evaluation of inspection results 61 C:2:5 Current situation assessment 63 C:2:6 Scope of work63 C:3 seat ring 64 C:3:1 Documentation --- Available information 64 C:3:2 Design review 65 C:3:3 Inspection items 65 C:3:4 Evaluation of inspection results 66 C:3:5 Current situation assessment 66 C:3:6 Scope of work (possible actions) 67 C:4 Movable guide vanes 67 C:4:1 Information---Available data 67 C:4:2 Review design 68 C:4:3 Inspection items 68 C:4:4 Evaluation of inspection results 69 C:4:5 Current situation assessment70 C:4:6 Scope of work70 C:5 Example: Pelton runner with serious cracks71 C:5:1 Pelton runner data 71 C:5:2 Fatigue analysis 72 C:5:3 Fracture mechanics analysis 73 C:5:4 Analysis results of bucket runner74 Appendix D (informative) Remaining life of components 75 D:1 Overview 75 D:2 Calculation of remaining life (based on current status) 77 D:3 Remaining life evaluation criteria78 D:4 Assessment of current status 79 D:4:1 Inspection level 79 D:4:2 Inspection results 79 D:4:3 Rating of components based on relative importance80 D:4:4 Sorting of inspection results 80 D:5 Influence of operating conditions81 Appendix E (Informative) Checklist for Evaluating Existing Turbines83 Appendix F (informative) Checklist for assessment of relevant equipment 107 Reference 110 Figure 1 Crack danger area A and area B of bucket-type runner bucket 29 Figure 2 Statistical relationship between Francis turbine (model) efficiency and hydraulic loss distribution and specific speed in:200531 Figure 3 Cavitation and abrasion of Francis turbine runner35 Figure 4 Cavitation erosion on the back side of the water inlet side of the bucket type bucket 36 Figure 5 High-pressure side cavitation caused by overtime operation of a Francis pump turbine at very low load36 Figure 6 Severe sediment wear of a certain Francis turbine38 Figure D:1 Bathtub Curve 75 Figure D:2 Remaining life estimation procedure 76 Figure D:3 Schematic diagram of behavior at different stages in the fatigue process77 Figure D:4 Strain gauge signals on the blades of the Francis turbine at start-up and full load 81 Table 1 Life expectancy of hydropower stations and their auxiliary systems before major modification work 2 Table 2 Typical routine inspections22 Table 3 The potential impact of the runner water-stop seal design and condition on Francis turbine efficiency when the runner is newly replaced or repaired Impact 32 Table 4 Expected efficiency improvement value of Francis turbine runner (including improving airfoil, restoring surface condition and reducing leakage ring loss) 33 Table 5 Potential efficiency improvement of the turbine after retrofitting/replacing other components of the Francis turbine flow path 33 Table D:1 Example of inspection result rating system 80 Table D:2 Typical list examples of Francis and propeller turbine components based on different weighting factors X1~X7 of relative importance80 Table D:3 Examples of ratings for a single component assessment including three assessment criteria81 Table E:1 Evaluation of hydraulic turbine embedded parts---seat ring (suitable for Francis, rotary paddle and fixed propeller turbines) 83 Table E:2 Evaluation of turbine embedded parts—volute or half-volute (suitable for Francis, rotary and fixed-paddle turbines) 84 Table E:3 Evaluation of turbine embedded parts---basic ring (runner chamber) (suitable for Francis, rotary paddle and fixed propeller turbines) 85 Table E:4 Evaluation of turbine embedded parts---draft tube (suitable for Francis, rotary paddle and fixed propeller turbines) 86 Table E:5 Evaluation of non-embedded and non-rotating components of turbines---top cover (suitable for Francis, rotary and fixed propeller turbines) 87 Table E:6 Evaluation of non-embedded and non-rotating parts of hydraulic turbines---support cover and inner top cover (suitable for rotary propeller and fixed propeller turbines) 89 Table E:7 Evaluation of non-embedded and non-rotating components of hydraulic turbines---bottom ring (suitable for Francis, rotary and fixed propeller turbines) 90 Table E:8 Evaluation of non-embedded and non-rotating components of hydraulic turbines---guide vanes (suitable for Francis, rotary and fixed propeller turbines) 92 Table E:9 Evaluation of non-embedded and non-rotating components of hydraulic turbines---guide vane operating mechanism (suitable for Francis type, rotating propeller type and fixed propeller type water turbine) 94 Table E:10 Evaluation of non-embedded and non-rotating components of hydraulic turbines---control loop (suitable for Francis, rotary and fixed-paddle turbines turbine) 95 Table E:11 Evaluation of non-embedded and non-rotating components of hydraulic turbines---relays (suitable for Francis, rotary and fixed-paddle turbines turbine) 95 Table E:12 Evaluation of non-embedded and non-rotating parts of hydraulic turbines---guide bearings (suitable for Francis, rotary and fixed-paddle turbines turbine) 96 Table E:13 Evaluation of non-embedded and non-rotating parts of hydraulic turbine---hydraulic turbine main shaft seal (mechanical seal or stuffing seal box) (suitable for Francis, rotary and fixed propeller turbines) 98 Table E:14 Evaluation of non-embedded and non-rotating parts of hydraulic turbine---thrust bearing bracket (suitable for Francis type, rotating propeller type and fixed propeller type A separate bearing bracket for the turbine or a thrust bracket supported on the top cover of the turbine) 98 Table E:15 Evaluation of non-embedded and non-rotating parts of hydraulic turbines---nozzles (suitable for pelton turbines) 99 Table E:16 Evaluation of non-embedded and non-rotating components of hydraulic turbines--- deflectors and energy dissipation devices (suitable for bucket-type turbines) 99 Table E:17 Evaluation of rotating parts of hydraulic turbines---runners (suitable for Francis, rotary paddle and fixed propeller turbines) 100 Table E:18 Evaluation of rotating parts of hydraulic turbine---runner (suitable for rotary paddle and fixed propeller turbines) 102 Table E:19 Evaluation of turbine rotating parts---runner (suitable for pelton turbines) 103 Table E:20 Evaluation of rotating parts of hydraulic turbine---hydraulic turbine main shaft (suitable for bucket type, mixed flow type, rotary paddle type and fixed propeller type water turbine turbine) 104 Table E:21 Evaluation of the rotating part of the turbine---oil receiver and oil distribution pipe (suitable for propeller turbines) 105 Table E:22 Evaluation of turbine auxiliary equipment---speed and load adjustment system (speed governor) (suitable for all turbines and water pumps Water turbine) 105 Table E:23 Evaluation of auxiliary equipment of hydraulic turbines---draft tube air supply system (suitable for bucket type, mixed flow type, rotating propeller type and fixed propeller type Water turbine) 106 Table E:24 Evaluation of auxiliary equipment of hydraulic turbine---lubrication system (guide vane mechanism) (suitable for mixed-flow, rotary paddle and fixed propeller water turbines turbine) 106 Table F:1 Evaluation of related equipment---speed regulator 107 Table F:2 Evaluation of related equipment---generators and thrust bearings 107 Table F:3 Evaluation of related equipment---penstock and turbine inlet valve 108 Table F:4 Evaluation of related equipment---Civil Engineering 109 Table F:5 Evaluation of related equipment---cranes and hoisting equipment 109

Foreword

This document complies with the provisions of GB/T 1:1-2020 "Standardization Work Guidelines Part 1: Structure and Drafting Rules of Standardization Documents" Drafting: This document replaces GB/T 28545-2012 "Guidelines for the Renovation and Performance Improvement of Water Turbines, Storage Pumps and Water Pump Turbines" and is consistent with Compared with GB/T 28545-2012, in addition to structural adjustments and editorial changes, the main technical changes are as follows: a) The scope of application has been changed, and the Pelton turbine has been changed to Pelton turbine (see Chapter 1, Chapter 1 of the:2012 edition); b) The term “modern technological transformation” is deleted (see 3:4 of the:2012 edition); c) Added the term "replacement" and its definition (see 3:4); d) Added abbreviations (see Chapter 4); e) The reasons for the transformation have been changed, and the 7 main reasons for the transformation have been described in detail (see 5:2~5:8, Chapter 4 of the:2012 edition chapter); f) The determination of the plan has been changed, and the options are compared and confirmed from the aspects of transformation scope, cost, schedule, benefit, risk management and economic analysis: The regulations have been refined (see 6:2:2~6:2:7, 5:2:3:1~5:2:3:6 of the:2012 version); g) Added a typical routine checklist (see Table 2); h) Added content for evaluation of temperature, noise, stainless steel galvanic corrosion and scratching (see 7:3:2:2:5~7:3:2:2:7); i) Increases the impact of the roughness of the flow channel itself and its adjacent components on efficiency (see 7:3:3:3:2); j) Added the evaluation of the impact of the sealing gap of the anti-leak ring on the hydraulic performance (see Table 3); k) Increased expected efficiency after replacing the runner of the Francis turbine (including improving the airfoil, restoring the surface condition and reducing the loss of the anti-leak ring) The improvement value (see Table 4); l) Increased the potential efficiency improvement of the turbine after modifying/replacing other components of the Francis turbine flow path (see Table 5); m) The modification plan of extending the blades of the lower ring of the runner into the upper part of the draft tube tapered tube has been deleted (see 6:3:4:5:3 of the:2012 edition); n) Delete the plan for ultra-long guide vane design (see 6:3:4:5:3 of the:2012 edition); o) Added assessment of the impact on the power grid (see 7:4:9); p) The content of the feasibility study of the renovation project has been changed (see B:4, A:1:4 of the:2012 version): This document is modified to adopt IEC 62256:2017 "Updation and Performance Improvement of Water Turbines, Storage Pumps and Water Pump Turbines": Compared with IEC 62256:2017, this document has made the following structural adjustments: ---Chapter 4 corresponds to the abbreviation part of Chapter 3 in IEC 62256:2017; ---Chapter 5 corresponds to Chapter 4 in IEC 62256:2017; ---Chapter 6 corresponds to 5:3:4:2~Chapter 6 in IEC 62256:2017; ---7:3:3 corresponds to 7:3:4 in IEC 62256:2017; ---Appendix A corresponds to Chapter 9 of IEC 62256:2017; ---Appendix B corresponds to 5:1, 5:2:1, 5:2:2, 5:3:2, 5:3:3, 5:3:4:1 in IEC 62256:2017; ---Appendix C corresponds to Appendix B in IEC 62256:2017; ---Appendix D corresponds to 7:3:3 in IEC 62256:2017; ---Appendix E corresponds to Appendix A in IEC 62256:2017; ---Appendix F corresponds to Appendix C in IEC 62256:2017: The technical differences between this document and IEC 62256:2017 and their reasons are as follows: ---Changed the scope of application and deleted diagonal flow units (see Chapter 1); --- Added normative references to GB/T 2900:45 (see Chapter 3); ---Deleted the terms "upgrade", "expanded overhaul", "modern technological transformation", "reconstruction" and "renovation" (see paragraph 3 in IEC 62256:2017 chapter); ---Deleted the abbreviations "ACG" "ETA" "FMA" "FMECA" "FTA" "HAZOP" "IRR" "PCB" "VAR" (see Chapter 3 in IEC 62256:2017); ---Changed the reason for the transformation (see Chapter 5); ---Deleted the transformation project logic flow diagram (see Figure 1 in IEC 62256:2017); --- Added normative references to GB/T 15613 (see 6:4:2); ---Added optimization of operation mode (see 6:6:2:3:3); ---Added the influence of draft tube bulging on turbine status (see 7:3:2:4:1); ---Deleted the figures on the potential efficiency improvement after Francis turbine modification and the efficiency improvement after propeller turbine modification (see Figure 11 and Figure 12 in IEC 62256:2017); ---Changed the impact of runner improvement on turbine efficiency (see 7:3:3:3:2); ---Changed the impact of improvements in other components of the turbine on turbine efficiency (see 7:3:3:3:3); ---Deleted the modification of the Hoover Dam hydropower station unit in the United States and the No: 3 hydroelectric generator unit of the Outardes Power Station in Canada: Examples and curves of retrofit projects (7:3:4:2 in IEC 62256:2017); ---Deleted the potential efficiency improvement value after only improving the hydraulic design of the Francis turbine runner and the third stage of La Grande, Quebec, Canada The power station (LaGrande-3) turbine runner (put into operation in 1982) achieved efficiency improvements by slightly cutting the water outlet edge of the blades: High conditions and curves (7:3:4:3:2 in IEC 62256:2017): The following editorial changes have been made to this document: ---Change the name of the standard to "Guidelines for the Renovation and Performance Improvement of Water Turbines, Storage Pumps and Water Pump Turbines"; ---Replaced IEC 60193 with the informative reference GB/T 15613 (see 6:5:2, 7:3:2:2:8:2, 8:3:4:2, 8:3:4:3); ---Replaced IEC 60041 with the informative reference GB/T 20043, and used the informative reference GB/T 15469:1, GB/T 19184 replaces IEC 60193 (see 6:5:2, 8:4:1); ---Replaced IEC 60944 with the informative reference GB/T 17189 (see 7:3:2:2:3, 7:4:1); ---Replaced ISO 7919-5:2005 with the informative reference GB/T 32584, adding installation, operation and maintenance issues (see 7:3:2:2:8:1); ---References changed: Please note that some content in this document may be subject to patents: The publisher of this document assumes no responsibility for identifying patents: This document is proposed by the China Electrical Equipment Industry Association: This document is under the jurisdiction of the National Water Turbine Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC175): This document was drafted by: Harbin Electric Machinery Co:, Ltd:, China Water Conservancy and Hydropower Research Institute, China Water Conservancy and Electric Power External Co:, Ltd: Company, Dongfang Electric Group Dongfang Electric Co:, Ltd:, China Three Gorges Group Co:, Ltd:, Shanghai Voith Hydropower Equipment Co:, Ltd:, Changjiang Jiang Survey, Planning, Design and Research Co:, Ltd:, China Yangtze Power Co:, Ltd: Gezhouba Power Plant, Baihetan Power Plant, Ministry of Water Resources General Institute of Hydropower Planning and Design, Harbin Electric Machinery Research Institute Co:, Ltd:, Chongqing Turbine Factory Co:, Ltd:, China Power Construction Group East China Survey Survey and Design Research Institute Co:, Ltd:, Power Construction Corporation of China Zhongnan Survey and Design Research Institute Co:, Ltd:, Power Construction Corporation of China Chengdu Survey and Design Research Research Institute Co:, Ltd:, Huadian Electric Power Research Institute Co:, Ltd:, an......
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