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Delivery: <= 3 days. True-PDF full-copy in English will be manually translated and delivered via email. GB/T 21005-2007: UV erythema reference action spectrum, standard erythema dose and UV index Status: Valid
Basic dataStandard ID: GB/T 21005-2007 (GB/T21005-2007)Description (Translated English): UV erythema reference action spectrum, standard erythema dose and UV index Sector / Industry: National Standard (Recommended) Classification of Chinese Standard: A47 Classification of International Standard: 17.180.20 Word Count Estimation: 14,123 Date of Issue: 2007-07-27 Date of Implementation: 2007-12-01 Adopted Standard: ISO 17166-1999, MOD Regulation (derived from): National Standard Announcement 2007 No.7 (Total No.107) Issuing agency(ies): General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China Summary: This standard specifies the effect of UV erythema reference spectrum, standard erythema dose, band of ultraviolet radiation, UV index, throat dew level and other terms and related content. This standard applies to expression erythema dose measurements and their results, application publishing and UV Index. GB/T 21005-2007: UV erythema reference action spectrum, standard erythema dose and UV index---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.UV erythema reference action spectrum, standard erytherma dose and UV index ICS 17.18.20 A47 National Standards of People's Republic of China GB/T 21005-2007 UV erythema effect reference spectrum, standard erythema dose And UV index (ISO 17166..1999/CIES007/E-1998, Erthemareferencaction SPXTRUMANDSTANDARDRYDTHERMADEMOSE (MOD) 2007-07-27 released 2007--12-01 implementation General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China Issued by China National Standardization Management Committee ForewordThis standard modification adopts the international standard ISO 17166..1999/CIES007/E-1998 "Erythema Effect Reference Spectrum and Standard Erythema Dose". This standard makes appropriate revisions to partially repeated text and individual formulas that are not easily understood in the ISO 17166.1999 text. On hold On the basis of all terms, definitions and descriptions of ISO 17166.1999, this standard refers to the World Health Organization, the World Meteorological Organization, the United The "UV Index. A Practical Guide" [1] issued jointly by the National Environment Program and the International Non-Nuclear Radiation Protection Commission specifies the UV radiation bands The wavelength range of the standard, and the calculation method of the ultraviolet index specified in the guideline is included in the provisions of this standard. This standard uses ISO 17166.1999 to And the wavelength range of the ultraviolet radiation band and the calculation method of the ultraviolet index specified by the International Organization for Standardization are introduced into the national standard system, which is conducive to enhancing our The international comparability of national ultraviolet radiation measurement data and ultraviolet radiation forecast service products. The differences between this standard and ISO 17166.1999 are described as follows. a) Since ISO 17166.1999 is equivalent to the use of CIES007/E-1998, in addition to the ISO preface, the original text also includes The foreword and introduction of CIE, this part has quite a lot of repetition, and contains some non-technical instructions, accounting for the original text Nearly 1/3 of the width. It is obviously inappropriate to delete all of them, but if all of them are retained, it will be cumbersome and complies with the compilation of our national standards. The writing requirements are inconsistent. This standard incorporates all of this content into the introduction to this standard, and deletes duplicates and technical regulations. Specify irrelevant text. b) "Erhythmicerececectrum" and "Erhythmicactrum" in the original ISO 17166, Corresponding to the "UV erythema effect reference spectrum" and "erythema effect spectrum" in this standard. Here, the term "UV erythema effect parameter" The word "UV" is preceded by the word "UV" in order to clarify the relationship between the effect spectrum and UV radiation. The standard English title is also titled "UV". In order to better distinguish the two, this standard specifies the "UV erythema effect reference spectrum" The symbol (Ser(λ)) is capitalized to show that it is different from the “erythema effect spectrum” (Xerer(λ)). c) This standard gives a total of 11 terms and their definitions, of which 6 are from ISO 17166, and the remaining 5 are from "UV Index. Practical Guide" [1] introduced. d) Paragraphs 4 and 5 of ISO 17166 give definitions of terms and further explanation and explanation of relevant terms. These two paragraphs Not only is there much duplication between each other, but it also does not meet the relevant requirements for the preparation of national standards in my country. To this end, the writing team will Paragraphs and paragraph 5 are merged to delete redundant text in the original text that overlaps, and those texts in the original text that are not suitable as definitions are said It is given as a note. e) The expression of the definition of the minimum erythema dose (MED) in paragraph 4 of the original ISO 17166 (corresponding to 3.4 of this standard) does not conform to me The narrative requirements in the national standard of the country, so this standard gives a text definition, and the original definition is used as a comment. f) The exposure period of the minimum erythema dose (MED) in paragraph 4 of the original ISO 17166 (corresponding to 3.4 of this standard) In terms of separation, it only mentions "the typical time interval is 24h". According to the opinion of our skin experts, this time interval is generally 24h ± 2h, so this standard clearly gives the range of change. g) The formula (2) of 5.1 in the original ISO 17166 text (corresponding to the formula (8) of this standard) is obviously wrong from a dimensional point of view. I We have made appropriate revisions while understanding the connotation of the original text. h) The statement about skin type in the "Note" in 5.3 of the original ISO 17166 original text is "Type I to Type IV". According to my country's skin specialist According to the opinion of the family, at present, types Ⅰ to Ⅵ are widely used in the world, and this standard has been revised accordingly. i) In order to make this standard more practical, refer to the World Health Organization, the World Meteorological Organization, the United Nations Environment Programme and the International Non-Ionization The relevant provisions in the "UV Index. A Practical Guide" [1] issued jointly by the Radiation Protection Committee, for UV-A, UV-B and UV-C The band division standard has been clearly defined, for which this standard adds 3.7, 3.8, 3.9 and other three definitions; also refer to this Practical Guide [1] The current calculation method of UV index and the basis of UV index in the international information about UV radiation The divided exposure levels have been stipulated, and the two definitions 3.10 and 3.11 and chapters 6 and 7 have been added accordingly. GB/T 21005-2007 ｊ) In order to facilitate users to better understand the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation on human body and its protection, this standard is also given in Appendix A Related presentations. Appendix A of this standard is an informative appendix. This standard was proposed by the China Meteorological Administration. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the China Meteorological Administration. This standard is drafted by the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, and Beijing Normal University and the PLA General Hospital participated in the drafting. The main drafters of this standard. Tang Jie, Wang Bingzhong, Zhang Baozhou, Liu Wei. This standard is issued for the first time. GB/T 21005-2007IntroductionIn.1998, the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) made formal recommendations on the original photobiological effects, dose relationships and measurements --- "Purple The effect spectrum of erythema caused by external lines in human skin" (published in CIE publication 106/4-1993, reprinted from CIE Journal 6/117-221987) After careful review and research, CIES007/E-1998 "Erythema Effect Reference Spectrum and Standard Erythema Dose" was proposed. The standard covers light The latest knowledge in the field of biological effects, dose relationship and measurement, but it does not mean that the safety responsibility of human testers and other related responsibility. After being approved by the national committees of the member states of CIE, CIES2007/E-1998 replaced CIE's original proposal. The CIE07/E-1998 standard, prepared for the purpose of harmonizing internationally to form a unified definition, is data on light and lighting The concise documentation of the definition is also a basic data source generally accepted and recognized internationally, and can be introduced into any standard system without amendment. to Yes, the International Organization for Standardization directly adopted CIES007/E-1998 as the international standard ISO 17166.1999. The difficulty in measuring the photobiological radiation dose of the skin lies in the ability of ultraviolet radiation to cause erythema in human skin as the wavelength changes. Significant changes, this change can reach a maximum of 4 orders of magnitude in the wavelength range of 250nm ~ 400nm. Therefore, purple cannot be used External radiation dose to express the effect of erythema on the skin of the irradiated subject. Such as. receiving 10kJ/m2 of UV-A radiation, except those No erythema response will be produced in the body with high sensitivity; under unfiltered high-pressure mercury lamp or daylight fluorescent lamp, the same dose of UV Radiation will form dark red spots on the skin of most individuals with white skin tones. For a long time, photobiologists believed that Weighted radiation dose to express the degree of exposure [2]. The term minimum erythema dose (MED) was widely used as a measure of erythema radiation, which is inappropriate. Because MED is definitely not This standard measure, on the contrary, contains the variable factors of the individual's sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation. Factors affecting the MED include. the light source Optical properties and radiation measurement properties; exposure quantification, such as increasing rate and range, etc.; skin properties, such as pigmentation, whether they have been photographed before Shots and anatomical parts, etc.; judgment factors, such as the definition of the end point, the time of judgment reflection after irradiation, and the lighting of the test environment, etc. In order to avoid further misuse of the word MED and the confusion caused thereby, only the term is reserved for observing humans and other activities In the study of biological substances, the standard erythema dose (SED) is used as the standard measure of ultraviolet radiation that causes erythema. GB/T 21005-2007 UV erythema effect reference spectrum, standard erythema dose And UV index1 ScopeThis standard specifies the ultraviolet erythema effect reference spectrum, standard erythema dose, ultraviolet radiation band range, ultraviolet index, exposure level, etc. Language and its related content. This standard is applicable to the measurement of erythema dose and the expression, application and publication of UV index.2 Normative referencesThe clauses in the following documents become the clauses of this standard through the quotation of this standard. For dated references, all subsequent documents The amendments (not including errata content) or revisions are not applicable to this standard, however, all parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to study Is the latest version of these files available? For the cited documents without date, the latest version applies to this standard. CIE17.4-1987 International Lighting Dictionary CIE90-1991 Sun (UVB) sunscreen test CIE98-1992 Personal dosimetry of ultraviolet radiation CIE103/3-1993 Reference spectrum of the effects of ultraviolet radiation on erythema and pigmentation in different types of human skin (CIE, photo-generation Physics and Photochemistry Collection) CIE125-1997 standard erythema dose---A review3 Terms and definitionsThe following terms and definitions apply to this standard. 3.1 Xer(λ) The relationship between the ability of ultraviolet radiation to cause erythema in human skin and the wavelength. Note 1.Xer(λ) is usually normalized according to its maximum value, and expressed in the form of graphs and formulas, dimensionless. Note 2.The erythema effect spectrum (Er) (λ) is the ratio of the minimum amount required by the skin to produce erythema by ultraviolet radiation at a monochromatic wavelength and the corresponding amount of a reference wavelength. The function of long λ can also be regarded as the spectral erythema efficiency. As a theoretical and experimental research topic, erythema effect spectrum has so far had more than 70 Years of history, CIE first proposed the so-called standard erythema curve as early as 1935 [3]. The erythema effect spectrum specified in this standard is called ultraviolet erythema The effect reference spectrum (Uverythermaferferencacecentrum, or erhythermferecretrum), denoted as Ser (λ), by CIE was first proposed in 1987 [4] (see references [5-7]). 3.2 Eer The integral of the weighted product of the spectral irradiance from a UV radiation source and the erythema effect spectrum on the wavelength. The unit of Eer is watts per square meter (W/m2), which is expressed by the following formula. Eer = ∫Eλ·eer(λ)dλ (1) Or Eer = ∑ Eλ·Xuaner(λ)·Δλ (2) GB/T 21005-2007 In the formula. Eλ---Spectral radiance, the unit is watts per square meter nanometer [W/(m2·nm)]; 狊er (λ) --- is the erythema effect spectrum normalized by its maximum value; λ---radiation wavelength, the unit is nanometer (nm). Note. Eλ here refers to the spectral irradiance of the total ultraviolet radiation. The so-called total ultraviolet radiation is the direct sunlight of the ultraviolet band received on the unit horizontal plane Sum of sky scattering. The radiation irradiance and exposure in this standard refer to total ultraviolet radiation. 3.3 Her Time integration of effective radiance of erythema. The unit of Herr is Joule per square meter (J/m2), which is expressed by the following formula. In the formula. Eλ---Spectral radiance, the unit is watts per square meter nanometer [W/(m2·nm)]; 狊er (λ) --- normalized erythema effect spectrum according to its maximum value; λ---radiation wavelength, the unit is nanometer (nm); Eer---the effective irradiance of erythema in watts per square meter (W/m2). 3.4 MED After exposure to ultraviolet radiation (24±2)h, the lowest radiation dose that causes erythema on the skin patches. Note. The minimum erythema dose is a subjective measure of skin redness; it depends on many factors, such as. individual sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation, radiation of the light source Quantitative characteristics, skin pigmentation, anatomical location, time of exposure and judgment reflection (typical value is 24h), etc. Only reserved for humans and others Used in animal observation studies. 3.5 Radiation with a wavelength in the range of 100nm to 400nm. 3.6 SED A standardized measure of ultraviolet radiation that causes erythema in humans. 3.7 Radiation with a wavelength in the range of 315 nm to 400 nm. 3.8 Radiation with a wavelength in the range of 280nm to 315nm. Note. Appendix A gives a description of the biological effects of UV-B. GB/T 21005-2007 3.9 Radiation with a wavelength in the range of 100nm to 280nm. 3.10 UVI The quantitative index of the erythema effective irradiance level of the surface solar ultraviolet radiation. 3.11 The range of UV index divided by the degree of UV radiation damage to unprotected skin [1].4 Reference spectrum of ultraviolet erythema effectIn the wavelength range of 250 nm to 400 nm, the function expression of the reference spectrum Ser (λ) of the ultraviolet erythema effect is as follows. Ser(λ) = 1.0 For 250nm≤λ≤298nm (5) Ser(λ) = 100.094 (298-λ) For 298nm< λ≤328nm (6) Ser(λ)=100.015 (140-λ) for 328 nm< λ≤400 nm (7) In the formula. λ---radiation wavelength, the unit is nanometer (nm).5 Standard erythema doseA standard erythema dose (SED) effective exposure to erythema is 100J/m2, expressed as Φ. When the standard erythema dose is used as a unit to express the effective erythema exposure in a certain period of time, it is converted according to the following formula. A = Her/Φ (8) In the formula. Herr --- effective exposure to erythema, the unit is Joule per square meter (J/m2); A---The effective exposure amount of erythema expressed in units of standard erythema dose, the unit is the standard erythema dose (SED). Note. According to photobiology, many photobiological processes have an end effect and change with wavelength. Therefore, the word "erythema" in the standard erythema dose (SED), It is clearly expressed that this amount is the exposure dose with a clear biological effect [8]. Φ is used as the conversion equivalent when the standard erythema dose is used to express the effective erythema radiation exposure, its value is artificially specified, and there is no one most "correct" Magnitude. However, SED cannot be understood as the MED of some special types of skin to avoid confusion of the concepts and definitions of MED and SED. Such as. 1 SED is equivalent to 100J/m2 effective exposure to erythema. When the skin changes from type I to type VI, its MED can be expected to be between 150J/m2 and Between 600J/m2, that is, between 1.5SED and 6.0SED [9].6 UV indexThe ultraviolet index (UVindex) is a quantified index indicating the level of erythema effective irradiance of the surface solar ultraviolet radiation. Calculation [1]. IUV = 犽er∫ 400nm 250nm Eλ·Ser(λ)dλ (9) In the formula. IUV---UV index, dimensionless; Yer-constant, its value is equal to 40m2/W [or 1/25 (mW/m2)]; Eλ-the spectral irradiance of surface solar ultraviolet radiation, the unit is watts per square meter nanometer [W/(m2·nm)]; λ---radiation wavelength, the unit is nanometer (nm); GB/T 21005-2007 The reference spectrum of the ultraviolet erythema effect specified by Ser(λ)---Equations (5)-(7), and its band range corresponds to the upper and lower integration limits in Equation (9). The UV index calculated by equation (9) is rounded and expressed as an integer. In practical applications, the UV index can be used 5min ~ The average value of 10min reports its instantaneous value and daily maximum value. Clouds have an important effect on the transmission of ultraviolet radiation through the atmosphere. It is the "clear sky" or "cloudless" UV index.7 Exposure levelThe division of exposure level is shown in Table 1. Table 1 Exposure level Exposure level UV index range Low ≤ 2 Middle 3～5 6～7 high Very high 8-10 Extreme ≥11 Note. Please refer to Appendix A for the description of solar ultraviolet radiation damage to human body and its protection. GB/T 21005-2007Appendix A(Informative appendix) The harm of ultraviolet radiation to human body and its protection A. 1 Solar ultraviolet radiation reaching the surface Due to the absorption of various gas components (ozone, water vapor, oxygen and carbon dioxide) in the atmosphere, all UV-C and Ninety percent of UV-B radiation is blocked in the upper layer of the atmosphere and cannot reach the surface, while UV-A radiation is less affected by atmospheric absorption. because The ultraviolet radiation that can reach the surface is mainly UV-A, including a small amount of UV-B radiation, and the addition of the two accounts for only the entire surface. A very small part of the solar radiation energy is about 4% to 6%. Under natural conditions, the main factors that affect the surface solar ultraviolet irradiance are. the altitude angle of the sun, the ozone content in the atmosphere, the sky clouds Conditions, altitude, and surface albedo. The change of the solar altitude angle changes the path of solar radiation through the atmosphere. When the solar altitude angle is 90° (that is, the zenith direction), The atmospheric path length is the shortest, the vertical component of direct solar radiation is the largest, and the atmosphere has the least effect on reducing ultraviolet radiatio......Tips & Frequently Asked Questions:Question 1: How long will the true-PDF of GB/T 21005-2007_English be delivered?Answer: Upon your order, we will start to translate GB/T 21005-2007_English as soon as possible, and keep you informed of the progress. The lead time is typically 1 ~ 3 working days. The lengthier the document the longer the lead time.Question 2: Can I share the purchased PDF of GB/T 21005-2007_English with my colleagues?Answer: Yes. 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