GB/T 19289-2019 English PDFUS$414.00 · In stock
Delivery: <= 4 days. True-PDF full-copy in English will be manually translated and delivered via email. GB/T 19289-2019: Methods of measurement of resistivity, density and stacking factor of electrical steel strip and sheet Status: Valid GB/T 19289: Historical versions
Basic dataStandard ID: GB/T 19289-2019 (GB/T19289-2019)Description (Translated English): Methods of measurement of resistivity, density and stacking factor of electrical steel strip and sheet Sector / Industry: National Standard (Recommended) Classification of Chinese Standard: H21 Classification of International Standard: 77.040.99 Word Count Estimation: 22,281 Date of Issue: 2019-06-04 Date of Implementation: 2020-05-01 Older Standard (superseded by this standard): GB/T 19289-2003 Quoted Standard: ISO 1183-3; IEC 60050-121; IEC 60050-221; IEC 60404-2; IEC 60404-3 Adopted Standard: IEC 60404-13-2018, IDT Issuing agency(ies): State Administration for Market Regulation, China National Standardization Administration Summary: This standard specifies methods for the determination of resistivity, density and stacking coefficient of oriented and non-oriented electrical steel strips (sheets). These physical parameters are the characterization of the physical properties of the material. Among them, density is a conditional parameter required when measuring magnetic polarization, resistivity and stacking coefficient. As these performance parameters are temperature dependent, unless otherwise specified, measurements will be made at room temperature 23��C �� 5��C. GB/T 19289-2019: Methods of measurement of resistivity, density and stacking factor of electrical steel strip and sheet---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order. Methods of measurement of resistivity, density and stacking factor of electrical steel strip and sheet ICS 77.040.99 H21 National Standards of People's Republic of China Replace GB/T 19289-2003 Electrical steel strip (sheet) resistivity, density and Measuring method of stacking factor 2019-06-04 released 2020-05-01 Implementation State Administration for Market Regulation Issued by China National Standardization Administration Table of contentsPreface Ⅲ 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions 1 4 Determination of resistivity 1 4.1 General 1 4.2 Measuring principle 2 4.3 Sample 4 4.4 Measuring device 4 4.5 Measurement procedure 5 4.6 Reproducibility 5 4.7 Test report 5 5 Determination of density 6 5.1 General 6 5.2 Method based on resistance measurement (Method D1) 6 5.3 Gas pycnometer method (Method D2) 8 5.4 Test report 8 6 Stacking factor 9 6.1 General 9 6.2 Sample 9 6.3 Measurement procedure 9 6.4 Reproducibility 10 6.5 Test report 10 Appendix A (informative appendix) An example of a device for measuring resistivity with rectangular specimens (Method R2) 11 Appendix B (informative appendix) Example of density determination using the gas pycnometer method (method D2) 12 Appendix C (informative appendix) Calculating density based on silicon and aluminum content (Method D4) 15 Reference 16ForewordThis standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009. This standard replaces GB/T 19289-2003 "Measurement method of density, resistivity and stacking coefficient of electrical steel sheet (strip)". versus Compared with GB/T 19289-2003, the main changes are as follows. --- Introduce the gas pycnometer method, and quote the liquid immersion method and the theoretical calculation method based on the chemical composition of the sample (see 5.3); ---The example of measuring resistivity device with rectangular sample in the original standard text is described in the informative Appendix A (see Appendix A,.2003 3.4.3 of the annual version); ---Informative Appendix B has been added, which describes an example of density determination by the gas pycnometer method (see Appendix B); ---Informative appendix C has been added, describing the method of calculating density using silicon and aluminum content (see Appendix C). The translation method used in this standard is equivalent to the IEC 60404-13.2018 "Magnetic Materials Part 13.Electrical Steel Strip (Sheet) Resistivity, Measurement method of density and stacking factor". The Chinese documents that have a consistent correspondence with the international documents cited in this standard are as follows. ---GB/T 1033.3-2010 Determination of the density of plastic non-foamed plastics Part 3.Gas pycnometer method (ISO 1183-3. 1999, IDT) ---GB/T 2900.60-2002 Electrotechnical terminology electromagnetics [eqvIEC 60050(121).1998] ---GB/T 3655-2008 Method for measuring the magnetic properties of electrical steel sheets (bands) with Epstein square circles (IEC 60404-2.1996, IDT) ---GB/T 9637-2001 Electrical engineering terminology, magnetic materials and components [eqvIEC 60050(221).1990] ---GB/T 13789-2008 Method for measuring the magnetic properties of electrical steel sheets (bands) with a monolithic tester (IEC 60404-3..2002, IDT) This standard has made the following editorial changes. ---Modified the standard name. This standard was proposed by the China Iron and Steel Association. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Iron and Steel Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC183). Drafting organizations of this standard. Baoshan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd., Changsha Tianheng Measurement and Control Technology Co., Ltd., Shaoxing Shangyu Hongxing Machinery Instrument Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Metallurgical Industry Information Standard Research Institute. The main drafters of this standard. Tang Ling, Zhou Xinhua, Shen Jie, Zhang Guanlai, Zhou Xing, Wang Yujie, Zou Xueliang, Zhang Ping, Liu Baoshi. The previous versions of the standard replaced by this standard are as follows. ---GB/T 2522-1988; ---GB/T 3655-1992; ---GB/T 19289-2003. Electrical steel strip (sheet) resistivity, density and Measuring method of stacking factor1 ScopeThis standard specifies the methods for determining the resistivity, density and stacking coefficient of oriented and non-oriented electrical steel strips (sheets). These physical parameters It is a characterization of the physical properties of materials. Among them, density is the condition parameter needed to determine the magnetic polarization, resistivity and stacking coefficient. Since these performance parameters are temperature-dependent, unless otherwise specified, the measurement will be performed at room temperature 23°C ± 5°C.2 Normative referencesThe following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated reference documents, only the dated version applies to this document. For undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document. ISO 1183-3 Plastic Non-foamed Plastics Density Determination Method Part 3.Gas Pycnometer Method3 Terms and definitionsThe terms and definitions defined by IEC 60050-121, IEC 60050-221 and ISO 1183-3 apply to this document.4 Determination of resistivity4.1 General This chapter describes two methods for measuring resistivity; method R1 uses Epstein square ring specimens, method R2 uses rectangular specimens. Note. Method R2 is derived from the van-der-Pauw method (VDP method) [1], which is based on the theory of conformal mapping in two-dimensional space. Thick for any shape For objects with uniform degree, the resistivity can be measured by the four-terminal contact method to obtain the ratio of voltage to current, and then calculated by the exact mathematical formula. when When the symmetry between the specimen and the contact position is good, the formula can be simplified. Method R2 is particularly suitable for rectangular specimens. The measurement method of resistivity ρ is based on the measurement of the sample geometry (thickness), which is suitable for samples of all types of materials. But when When the method is further used for density ρm determination (see 5.2), the scope of application is limited to the materials specified in 5.1. 4.2.3 Determination of thickness d 4.2.3.1 General The thickness d of the sample in formula (2) and formula (4) shall be measured in accordance with 4.2.3.2. 4.2.3.2 Calculate thickness based on density ρm The sample thickness d should be calculated from the density value ρm (measured according to 5.3 or provided by the manufacturer) according to formula (5). 4.3 Specimen 4.3.1 Epstein square circle sample The Epstein square ring sample used in Method R1 (see 4.2.1) shall meet the requirements of IEC 60404-2 and have the following dimensions. ---Width. b=30mm ±0.2mm; ---Length. 280mm ≤l≤320mm, tolerance is ±0.5mm. 4.3.2 Rectangular specimen The rectangular or square specimen used in Method R2 (see 4.2.2) shall meet the requirements of IEC 60404-3 and have the following dimensions. ---Width. 300mm ≤b≤500mm, tolerance is ±0.5mm; ---Length. 500mm ≤l≤610mm, tolerance is ±0.5mm. 4.4 Measuring device 4.4.1 General requirements for Method R1 and Method R2 The measuring device requirements are as follows. ---According to the requirements of 4.2.3.2, a calibrated balance, the error of the weighing sample is within ±0.1%; --- A low-voltage DC regulated power supply with a current load range of 1A~10A (or use a four-terminal ohmmeter, see 4.5.2 and 4.5.3); ---A resistance measuring device whose error of measuring the resistance R of the sample is within ±1% (for example, the accuracy is ±0.1% or better Ammeter and voltmeter, or a Kelvin bridge or four-terminal ohmmeter with corresponding accuracy); --- A support plate whose area should be smaller than the sample, on which is equipped with a clamping device for contacting the sample (see 4.4.2 and 4.4.3), The electrical contact points can be arranged on the edge of the sample, and the distance between the edge of the plate and each edge of the sample should not be greater than 5mm (for rectangular samples) Should not be greater than 10mm). The support plate should have sufficient thickness to allow the sample to be laid flat and to make the electrical contact and the sample fully contact. 4.4.2 Requirements for Method R1 The device for electrical contact with the sample uses four contacts. two voltage contacts (contact pins) fixed on the detachable bridge and two fixed on the base Current contacts on the The arrangement of the four contacts is as follows. The two voltage contacts C and D are arranged on the long side of the sample and are located at the two current contacts A Between B and B (see Figure 1); the current contacts are symmetrically arranged at the center of the short side of the sample (the position deviation is within ±0.5mm). Head of two voltage contacts The part should be relatively sharp (for example, with a radius of curvature of 1 mm). The distance between voltage contacts C and D should exceed.200 mm. Voltage contacts and current The minimum distance between the contacts should not be less than the width of the sample (the measurement accuracy of the stylus spacing le should be within ±0.5mm, see Figure 1). 4.4.3 Requirements for Method R2 Four contacts with relatively sharp heads (for example, with a radius of curvature of 1 mm) should be installed on a bracket fixed to the substrate. Various electricity The contact points should be arranged symmetrically at the center of each side of the sample, and the position deviation should be within ±1mm (or for the Epstein square ring sample, the position The deviation is within ±0.5mm) (see Figure 2). Note 1.Appendix A gives examples of method R2 measuring devices. Note 2.Other contact methods, such as welding wires on points A, B, C and D of the rectangular specimen (see Figure 2), can also keep the circuit in good electrical contact. 4.5 Measurement procedure 4.5.1 Determination of sample thickness d The thickness d of the specimen shall be determined according to 4.2.3.2.The measuring device and balance that meet the requirements should be used to measure the length and width of the sample respectively b and mass m. 4.5.2 Measurement procedure using Epstein square ring specimen (Method R1) Connect the circuit as shown in Figure 1, the current value IAB range should be controlled between 1A ~ 5A, the value depends on the thickness and performance of the material. The current through the sample should be large enough to ensure that the measurement accuracy of the voltage UCD meets the requirements. If you use four to ensure the accuracy of the measurement With terminal ohmmeter, the current value can be adjusted down appropriately. Record the voltage value UCD and current value IAB, or use a four-terminal ohmmeter or Kelvin bridge to directly measure Should use formula (1) to calculate resistance R, or use four-terminal ohmmeter or Kelvin bridge to directly measure resistance. Should combine formula (5), and use formula (2) to calculate the resistivity ρ. 4.5.3 Measurement procedure using rectangular specimens (Method R2) Connect the circuit as shown in Figure 2, the current value range should be controlled between 2A~10A, and the current through the sample contacts A and B should be sufficient Large, to ensure that the voltage UCD reading meets the specified measurement accuracy requirements. If you use a four-terminal ohmmeter that can ensure measurement accuracy, The flow value can be adjusted down appropriately. Record the voltage value UCD and current value IAB, or use a four-terminal ohmmeter or Kelvin bridge to directly measure the resistance value. for To reduce the influence of thermal voltage, set the same current value in reverse, then record the voltage value UCD, and calculate the average of the two readings. Should adopt formula (3) to calculate resistance RAB, CD, or use four-terminal ohmmeter or Kelvin bridge to directly measure resistance. Accordingly, the resistance RBC, DA are measured according to the same procedure. Should combine formula (5), and use formula (4) to calculate the resistivity ρ. 4.6 Reproducibility According to the comparison test [3], the reproducibility of the resistivity measurement method specified in Chapter 4 is expressed as 0.5% by the relative standard deviation. 4.7 Test report Unless otherwise agreed by the relevant parties, the test report should indicate the reference to this standard and include at least the following information. a) The detailed information required to fully identify the sample, such as material model, grade, and nominal thickness; b) Sample width b and length l; c) Sample mass m; d) The detection method used (if method R2 is used, the Epstein square ring sample is used for measurement, the number of samples should be indicated); e) The room temperature at the time of measurement; f) Resistivity ρ detection result, the unit is ohm meter (Ω·m), and the rounding interval is 0.1×10-8Ω·m.5 Determination of density5.1 General This standard involves the following four methods of determining density. --- Method D1 is a method based on the resistivity measurement of Epstein square circle sample or rectangular sample; --- Method D2 is the gas pycnometer method according to ISO 1183-3, which is the basic method; --- Method D3 is a liquid immersion method based on ISO 1183-2.2012[4] and ISO 2738.1999[5]; --- Method D4 is a theoretical calculation method based on the chemical composition of the sample, see Appendix C. Method D1 is an indirect measurement method based on resistivity measurement method R1 and method R2 described in Chapter 4.5.2 Method D1 only It is suitable for non-oriented electrical steel, and the chemical composition should be within the following range. ---Silicon. CSi≤4%; ---Aluminum. 0.17CSi-0.28≤CAl≤0.17CSi 0.28, and CAl≥0; ---The total content of other alloy components. Cres≤0.4%. among them. CSi is the mass fraction of silicon, expressed as a percentage; CAl is the mass fraction of aluminum, expressed as a percentage; Cres is the mass fraction of all alloying elements except silicon and aluminum, expressed as a percentage. When the chemical composition is unknown, if the indirect measurement method is to be used, the chemical composition should be determined first. Generally, the chemical composition of electrical steel is produced by The party determines by itself. Method D2 (see 5.3) is a direct measurement method, applicable to both oriented and non-oriented electrical steel. Method D3 is called the liquid immersion method, which is a direct measurement method based on ISO 1183-1.2012[4] and ISO 2738.1999[5]. Note 1.For the determination of density, the liquid immersion method was earlier used as the basic arbitration method in disputes. However, experience has shown that due to the adhesion on the sample surface The remaining air bubbles are not easy to remove, and this method is difficult to apply to electrical steel sheet samples with relatively large surface areas. In contrast, according to ISO 1183-3 The pycnometer method is more practical and has higher accuracy for electrical steel sheet specimens. Method D4 is an indirect measurement method based on theoretical calculation of the chemical composition of the sample. The use of this method is stipulated by the agreement of the relevant parties. Appendix C gives an example of the density calculated from the content of silicon and aluminum. Note 2.In the material production process, the producer can easily obtain the volume from the size of the thicker block sample and determine the density of the material. 5.2 Method based on resistance measurement (Method D1) 5.2.1 Measuring principle Experience has shown that for the materials applicable to Method D1 in 5.1, the density ρm and the product of density and resistivity ρmρ are approximately in a simple linear relationship. Department [6], as shown in Figure 3.Therefore, the density of the material can be measured by measuring the resistance, mass and geometric dimensions of the sample to determine the product ρmρ. Note 1.Density ρm and resistivity ρ are functions of the content of silicon and aluminum. Note 2.Equation (6) is established through detailed statistics of the liquid immersion method [6] results and product ρmρ, while taking into account the conventional impurity content of non-oriented materials. Pick Use two different types of samples, according to Chapter 4 Epstein square ring sample method (method R1) or rectangular sample method (method 2) determination. 5.2.3 Measurement procedure If the Epstein square ring sample is used, the resistance R shall be determined according to 4.5.2.The density value ρm is calculated by formula (8). Can also be started by Formula (7) to determine the product value of ρmρ, then use Figure 3 to read. If a rectangular specimen (or Epstein square circle specimen) is used, the resistance RAB, CD and RBC, DA shall be determined according to 4.5.3.The density value ρm is determined by Formula (10) is calculated. You can also first determine the ρmρ product value by formula (9), and then use the reading in Figure 3. 5.2.4 Reproducibility This method is based on the measurement product ρmρ in 5.2.1, and its reproducibility is expressed by the relative standard deviation of density, which is 1.0%. 5.3 Gas pycnometer method (method D2) 5.3.1 Measuring principle The gas pycnometer method is to measure the volume of solid materials according to ISO 1183-3, and then obtain the density. Note. The gas pycnometer method is not a special method for magnetic materials. This method is widely used in industry to determine the volume of materials with regular or irregular shapes, such as Porous, powdery and granular solid materials. 5.3.2 Sample Grinding or other applicable physical or chemical methods can be used to remove the oxide layer and insulating coating of the sample. Cut or punch The shape of the finished sample should be compatible with the size of the pycnometer used, and it is easy to put in. In order to obtain better measurement accuracy, put the The sample size should be appropriate. It is recommended that the mass of the sample should not be less than.200g. Before starting the measurement, remove the grease or rust on the sample. Sample preparation Particular care should be taken to avoid introducing pollution and affecting the measurement results of sample density. If the sample needs to be dried after processing, the sample should be cooled to room temperature Then carry out density determination. 5.3.3 Measuring device The measuring device for the volume (and density) of the electrical steel sheet sample shall meet the requirements of ISO 1183-3. 5.3.4 Measurement procedure The measurement procedure should be implemented in accordance with ISO 1183-3, and the sample preparation should be in accordance with 5.3.2.Appendix B gives the gas pycnometer method An example of the density of electrical steel samples. 5.3.5 Reproducibility According to the description of ISO 1183-3, the reproducibility of the gas pycnometer in accordance with 5.3 can be expected to be better than 0.2%. 5.4 Test report Unless otherwise agreed by the relevant......Tips & Frequently Asked Questions:Question 1: How long will the true-PDF of GB/T 19289-2019_English be delivered?Answer: Upon your order, we will start to translate GB/T 19289-2019_English as soon as possible, and keep you informed of the progress. 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