GB/T 16507.4-2022 English PDFUS$1099.00 · In stock
Delivery: <= 7 days. True-PDF full-copy in English will be manually translated and delivered via email. GB/T 16507.4-2022: Water-tube boilers - Part 4: Strength calculation of pressure parts Status: Valid GB/T 16507.4: Historical versions
Basic dataStandard ID: GB/T 16507.4-2022 (GB/T16507.4-2022)Description (Translated English): Water-tube boilers - Part 4: Strength calculation of pressure parts Sector / Industry: National Standard (Recommended) Classification of Chinese Standard: J98 Word Count Estimation: 55,587 Issuing agency(ies): State Administration for Market Regulation, China National Standardization Administration GB/T 16507.4-2022: Water-tube boilers - Part 4: Strength calculation of pressure parts---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.ICS 27.060.30 CCSJ98 National Standards of People's Republic of China Replace GB/T 16507.4-2013 Released on 2022-03-09 2022-10-01 implementation State Administration for Market Regulation Released by the National Standardization Management Committee 1 ScopeThis document specifies the basic requirements for strength calculation of water tube boiler pressure components, allowable stress, calculated wall temperature, calculated pressure, weakening coefficient, Component thickness, calculation thickness, opening reinforcement, thickness addition, design calculation method of maximum allowable pressure, additional stress check and structural limit It also stipulates the test and finite element analysis verification methods for determining the maximum allowable working pressure of components. This document is applicable to the pressure components defined in GB/T 16507.1, including boiler shell, start-up (steam-water) separator shell, header shell, Tubes, pipes, elbows, elbows, arc-shaped header shells, convex heads, flat end covers and cover plates, tees and other components.2 Normative referencesThe contents of the following documents constitute the essential provisions of this document through normative references in the text. Among them, dated references For documents, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for undated reference documents, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document. GB/T 150.3 Pressure Vessels Part 3.Design GB/T 16507.1 Water Tube Boilers Part 1.General Rules GB/T 16507.2 Water Tube Boilers Part 2.Materials GB/T 16507.3 Water Tube Boilers Part 3.Structural Design GB/T 16507.5 Water Tube Boilers Part 5.Manufacturing GB/T 16507.6 Water Tube Boilers Part 6.Inspection, Test and Acceptance GB/T 16507.7 Water Tube Boilers Part 7.Safety Accessories and Instruments GB/T 16507.8 Water Tube Boilers Part 8.Installation and Operation DL/T 695 Steel Butt Welding Pipe Fittings for Power Stations DL/T 5366 Technical Regulations for Stress Calculation of Steam and Water Pipelines in Power Plants4 Basic requirements4.1 The structure, material, manufacture, installation, use, repair and modification of boiler pressure components designed and calculated according to this document shall comply with GB/T 16507.1, GB/T 16507.2, GB/T 16507.3, GB/T 16507.5, GB/T 16507.6, GB/T 16507.7 and Relevant provisions of GB/T 16507.8. 4.2 For boilers used in units with large or frequent fluctuations in parameters such as peak load, the fatigue strength of the pressure components should be checked. The fatigue strength check of the drum is calculated according to Appendix A, and the fatigue strength check of the start-up (steam-water) separator can also be calculated according to Appendix A. 4.3 For special pressure components that do not meet the applicable conditions stipulated in the chapters and clauses of the main body of this document or are not listed in this document, the components shall be determined according to Appendix B. Maximum allowable working pressure.5 allowable stress5.1 Symbols This chapter uses the following symbols. qmax---the maximum heat flux density that the component bears, in kilowatts per square meter (kW/m2); η --- Correction coefficient; [σ] --- allowable stress, the unit is megapascal (MPa). 5.2 Selection of allowable stress 5.2.1 The material allowable stress ([σ]) of the pressure component shall be selected according to GB/T 16507.2, and the allowable stress of the material between the listed calculation temperatures shall be The stress value is determined by the allowable stress value adjacent to the calculated temperature by the arithmetic interpolation method, and decimals should be rounded off. 5.2.2 The allowable stress ([σ]) of the boiler drum, header shell, tee and equal-diameter fork-shaped pipe whose outer wall is heated shall be modified from the allowable stress value of the material in Table 1. The product of positive coefficients (η).6 Calculate the wall temperature6.1 Symbols This chapter uses the following symbols. J --- heat flow average flow coefficient; pr --- boiler rated pressure, in megapascal (MPa); qmax---the maximum heat flux density of the outer wall of the component, in kilowatts per square meter (kW/m2); tb --- metal wall temperature, in degrees Celsius (°C); td --- Calculate the wall temperature, the unit is Celsius (°C); ti --- Metal inner wall temperature, unit is Celsius (°C); tm --- Rated average temperature of working fluid, unit is Celsius (°C); to --- metal outer wall temperature, in degrees Celsius (°C); ts --- Calculate the saturation temperature of the working fluid corresponding to the pressure (water temperature at the outlet of the hot water boiler), the unit is Celsius (°C); Δt --- temperature deviation, the unit is Celsius (°C); X --- working medium mixing coefficient; αh --- the heat transfer coefficient of the inner wall to the working fluid, the unit is kilowatt per square meter per degree Celsius [kW/(m2·℃)]; β --- The ratio of the outer diameter to the inner diameter determined according to the nominal thickness; δ --- the nominal thickness of the cylinder, in millimeters (mm); λ --- Material thermal conductivity, in kilowatts per meter per degree Celsius [kW/(m·℃)]. 6.2 Metal wall temperature The metal wall temperature of each point of the pressure component is calculated according to the formula (1). 6.3 Calculation of wall temperature by components 6.3.1 The calculated wall temperature (td) shall be the maximum value among the metal wall temperatures at each point of the pressure component. 6.3.2 Calculated wall temperature (td) is determined by heat transfer calculation according to the heating conditions and structural characteristics of the element. The calculated wall temperature of the cylinder is calculated according to the formula (2). 6.3.3 Working fluid mixing coefficient (X). 0 for the boiler body; 1 for the pipe; 0.5 for the header body, and 0 when the working fluid enters from the end. 6.3.4 The Δt value of the header shell and pipes is not less than 10°C; the XΔt value of the unheated superheated steam header shell is not less than 10°C. 6.3.5 The heat flow uniformity coefficient (J) of the boiler shell and header shell is taken as 1. 6.3.6 The rated average temperature (tm) of the working fluid in the boiler drum is taken as the saturation temperature of the working fluid under the calculated pressure (the outlet water temperature of the hot water boiler). 6.3.7 Calculating the wall temperature (td) does not include the fluctuation value of the superheated steam temperature at the boiler outlet within the allowable range of the design. 6.3.8 The calculated wall temperature of components such as heads, flat end caps and tees shall be determined with reference to the connected cylinder or pipe (pipe). 6.3.9 The calculated wall temperature (td) can also be directly selected from Table 2, Table 3 and Table 4.7 Calculate the pressure7.1 Symbols This chapter uses the following symbols. p --- component calculation pressure, the unit is megapascal (MPa); po --- component working pressure, the unit is megapascal (MPa); pr --- boiler rated pressure, in megapascal (MPa); Δpa---design additional pressure, the unit is megapascal (MPa); Δpf --- working fluid flow resistance, the unit is megapascal (MPa); Δph --- liquid column static pressure, in megapascals (MPa). 7.2 Working pressure of components 7.2.1 The working pressure is calculated according to the formula (3). 7.2.2 When the working fluid flow resistance (Δpf) is taken as the maximum outlet flow rate of the boiler, calculate the pressure drop between the element and the boiler outlet. 7.2.3 When the static pressure of the liquid column at the bottom of the component is not greater than 3%, the static pressure of the liquid column may not be considered. 7.3 Element calculation pressure 7.3.1 The calculated pressure of the components shall be determined according to the formula (4). 7.3.2 The design additional pressure (Δpa) of components shall be determined according to Appendix C.8 Attenuation factor8.1 Symbols This chapter uses the following symbols. 8.2 Minimum attenuation factor 8.2.1 For the center arc of a cylinder, arc-shaped header or elbow (elbow), take the minimum value among the weakening coefficient (φw) of the longitudinal welded joint and the weakening coefficient (φ) of the hole bridge. 8.2.2 For welded and forged tees, take the minimum value among the structural weakening coefficient (φt) and the hole bridge weakening coefficient (φ). 8.2.3 For the convex head, take the minimum value among the structural weakening coefficient (φh) of the opening at the top of the convex head and the weakening coefficient of the welded joint (φw). 8.2.4 For equal-diameter fork-shaped pipes, take the structural weakening coefficient (φt). 8.2.5 The hole bridge overlaps with the weld or the distance from the center of the center hole on the top of the convex head to the edge of the weld is not greater than (0.5d 12)mm, and the weakening system The value shall be the product of the weakening coefficient (φ) of the hole bridge or the central opening structure at the top of the convex head (φh) and the weakening coefficient (φw) of the welded joint. 8.3 Welding joint weakening factor 8.3.1 The quality of welded joints should comply with the relevant provisions of GB/T 16507.5. 8.3.2 Welding joint weakening coefficient (φw) should be selected according to Table 5 according to the form of butt joint and the proportion of non-destructive testing. 8.3.3 When the allowable stress of the material is determined by the enduring strength, the value of the weakening coefficient (φw) of the welded joint should not be greater than 0.80. 8.4 Attenuation coefficient of hole bridge 8.4.1 The pitch (longitudinal, transverse or oblique) of the adjacent holes on the cylinder is smaller than the critical pitch of the adjacent holes of the hole bridge, and the diameters of the adjacent holes are not the same. If it is larger than the maximum allowable diameter of the unreinforced hole, the hole bridge weakening coefficient (φ) shall be calculated according to this clause. Hole bridge weakening coefficient (φ) of arc-shaped header and tee, According to the calculation method of the weakening coefficient of the hole bridge of the cylinder to deal with. 8.4.2 The critical pitch of adjacent holes of the hole bridge is calculated according to formula (5). 8.4.3 The hole bridge weakening coefficient (φ) of adjacent holes shall be calculated according to Table 6.When the calculated hole bridge weakening coefficient is greater than 1, take φ=1. 8.4.5 Calculate the equivalent pore diameter (de) according to Table 7. 8.4.6 The weakening coefficient of the oblique hole bridge can also be obtained directly from Figure 1, where the dotted lines in the figure are the lines connecting the minimum values of each curve. 8.4.7 Determination of hole diameter. a) The size of the elliptical hole on the line connecting the centers of the two holes of the bridge; b) Double-sided fillet welding (applicable to boilers with pr not greater than 2.5MPa, and not heated) or plug-in integral welded pipes, whichever is the inner diameter of the connecting pipe. 8.4.9 The single-hole bridge can be reinforced according to Chapter 11 by using the thickness margin of the connecting pipe within the effective reinforcement range, so as to increase the weakening coefficient of the hole bridge. 8.5 Structural weakening coefficient of the central opening at the top of the convex head 8.5.1 For the head with a central opening at the top, the structural weakening coefficient of the central opening at the top of the convex head shall be calculated according to formula (7). 8.5.2 When the central opening at the top of the head is an ellipse, d shall be the major axis of the ellipse. 8.6 Structural Weakening Factors of Welded and Forged Orthogonal Tees 8.6.1 The weakening coefficient (φt) of the forged tee structure is calculated according to formula (8) and formula (9). 8.6.2 The structural weakening coefficient (φt) of welded seamless steel pipe tees shall be determined according to Table 8. 8.7 Structural weakening factor for equal-diameter fork-shaped pipes The structural weakening coefficient (φt) of the equal-diameter fork-shaped pipe is determined according to Table 9. 12.2 Thickness addition (C) 12.2.1 The thickness addition (C) is calculated according to the formula (52). 12.2.2 The value of the additional thickness (C) of the flat end cover and cover plate is 0mm. 12.3 Corrosion allowance (C1) 12.3.1 The corrosion allowance (C1) should be determined according to the actual corrosion situation. In general, C1 is taken as 0.5mm. When the thickness (δ) is greater than 20mm, the value of C1 is taken as 0mm. 12.3.2 The C1 value of the convex head is the same as that of the connected cylinder. 12.4 Process additional thickness (C2) 12.4.1 The process additional thickness (C2) should be determined according to the actual manufacturing process of the component. In general, C2 can also be selected according to Appendix D. 12.4.2 For elbows or elbows with an outer diameter (Do) not greater than 100 mm, when the thickness is calculated without checking the inner arc, the additional thickness (C2) of the process shall be in accordance with the appendix For selection of D, the thickness change rate (α) of the outer arc process of the bend or elbow shall be calculated according to formula (D.5). 12.5 Lower deviation of steel thickness (C3) 12.5.1 The lower deviation of steel plate thickness (C3) is taken as the lower deviation of the thickness specified in the steel plate standard. 12.5.2 The lower deviation (C3) of steel pipe thickness is calculated according to formula (53) or formula (54). 13.2 Maximum allowable working pressure 13.2.1 Under any working conditions, the working pressure of the components should not exceed the maximum allowable working pressure. 13.2.2 The maximum allowable working pressure of the cylinder is calculated according to formula (55) or formula (56). 13.2.3 The maximum allowable working pressure of the convex head is calculated according to the formula (57). 13.2.4 The maximum allowable working pressure of the elbow or elbow and the arc-shaped header shell shall take the smaller value of formula (58), formula (59) and formula (60). 13.2.5 The δe in formula (58), formula (59) and formula (60) is to be the effective thickness corresponding to the calculation position. 13.2.6 The maximum allowable working pressure of the plain end cover is calculated according to the formula (61). 13.2.7 The maximum allowable working pressure of the cover plate is calculated according to formula (62). 13.2.8 The maximum allowable working pressure of welded and forged tees and equal-diameter fork-shaped pipes is calculated according to formula (63). 13.2.9 The maximum allowable working pressure of the hot-extruded tee with Do not greater than 660mm is calculated according to formula (64). 13.2.10 The maximum allowable working pressure of the hot-extruded tee with Do greater than 660mm is calculated according to formula (65). 13.2.11 Under the maximum allowable working pressure, the opening reinforcement element shall meet the reinforcement requirements. 13.2.12 The maximum allowable working pressure of multi-geometry combined elements shall be calculated in sections, and the minimum value shall be taken. 13.3 The maximum allowable pressure of hydrostatic test 13.3.1 The hydrostatic test pressure of the components should not exceed the maximum allowable pressure of the hydrostatic test. 13.3.2 The maximum allowable pressure for the hydrostatic test of cylinders, welded or forged tees, and equal-diameter fork-shaped pipes is calculated according to formula (66). 13.3.3 The maximum allowable pressure of the convex head hydrostatic test shall be calculated according to the formula (67). 13.3.4 Calculate the ratio of outer diameter to inner diameter based on effective wall thickness according to formula (68) or formula (69). 13.3.7 Under the maximum allowable pressure of the hydrostatic test, the reinforcing elements with openings shall meet the reinforcing requirements. 13.3.8 The maximum allowable pressure of the hydrostatic test shall be calculated in sections for multi-geometric segment combined components, and the minimum value shall be taken. 14.2 Bending stress of cylinder 14.2.1 The maximum bending stress of each checked section of the cylinder is calculated according to formula (72). 14.2.2 The calculation of the flexural section modulus (W) shall consider the weakening of the section due to openings. See Appendix E for the approximate calculation method of W. 14.2.3 If there is no large local load on the cylindrical body, the load on the cylindrical body shall be considered as the uniformly distributed load. 14.2.4 The load of the cylinder should include. the metal weight of the cylinder and connected components, the weight of the water filled with water and the weight of the heat insulation material, etc. 14.3 Bending Stress Check of Boiler Shell and Header Shell 14.3.1 When the fulcrum spacing of the drum shell is greater than 10m or the minimum hole bridge weakening coefficient is the transverse hole bridge, the maximum bending stress shall be calibrated nuclear. The maximum bending stress shall comply with the formula (73). 14.3.3 The minimum weakening coefficient of the checked section (φcmin) is the weakening coefficient of the transverse hole bridge and the circumferential The smaller of the weld joint weakening factors. If the transverse hole bridge overlaps with the circumferential welded joint, the product of the two is taken. 14.4 Checking of additional stress on pipe or pipe axial wall 14.4.1 The additional stress (axial stress, bending stress and torsional stress) on the axial pipe wall of the pipe or pipe caused by the gravity load shall be in accordance with the standard Formula (75) is checked. Only when there is a circumferential weld on the check section, the weakening coefficient (φw) of the circumferential welded joint is considered, and its value is selected according to Table 5. 14.4.2 The stress of the piping system shall be checked in accordance with the requirements of DL/T 5366. ......Tips & Frequently Asked Questions:Question 1: How long will the true-PDF of GB/T 16507.4-2022_English be delivered?Answer: Upon your order, we will start to translate GB/T 16507.4-2022_English as soon as possible, and keep you informed of the progress. The lead time is typically 4 ~ 7 working days. 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