GB/T 12545.1-2008 English PDFUS$649.00 · In stock
Delivery: <= 5 days. True-PDF full-copy in English will be manually translated and delivered via email. GB/T 12545.1-2008: Measurement methods of fuel consumption for automobiles -- Part 1: Measurement methods of fuel consumption for passenger cars Status: Valid GB/T 12545.1: Historical versions
Basic dataStandard ID: GB/T 12545.1-2008 (GB/T12545.1-2008)Description (Translated English): Measurement methods of fuel consumption for automobiles -- Part 1: Measurement methods of fuel consumption for passenger cars Sector / Industry: National Standard (Recommended) Classification of Chinese Standard: T40 Classification of International Standard: 43.020 Word Count Estimation: 28,263 Date of Issue: 2008-12-31 Date of Implementation: 2009-07-01 Older Standard (superseded by this standard): GB/T 12545.1-2001; GB/T 12545.2-2001 Quoted Standard: GB 18352.3-2005; GB/T 19233-2008; GB/T 15089 Regulation (derived from): National Standard Approval Announcement 2008 No.23 (Total No.136) Issuing agency(ies): General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China Summary: This standard specifies test methods for fuel consumption of passenger cars. This section applies to the total mass does not exceed the maximum design M1 and N1 category of vehicles 3. 5t. GB/T 12545.1-2008: Measurement methods of fuel consumption for automobiles -- Part 1: Measurement methods of fuel consumption for passenger cars---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order. Measurement methods of fuel consumption for automobiles. Part 1. Measurement methods of fuel consumption for passenger cars ICS 43.020 T40 National Standards of People's Republic of China GB/T 12545.1.1-2008 Replaces GB/T 12545.2.1-2001, partially replaces GB/T 12545.2.2-2001 Automobile fuel consumption test method Part 1. Test method for fuel consumption of passenger cars 2008-12-31 released 2009-07-01 implementation General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China Published by China National Standardization Administration ForewordGB/T 1255 "Test Method for Automobile Fuel Consumption" is expected to be divided into two parts. --- Part 1. Test method for fuel consumption of passenger cars; --- Part 2. Test method for fuel consumption of commercial vehicles. This part is the first part of GB/T 12545, and the United Nations European Economic Commission ECER101-00 (1997) on carbon dioxide emissions The degree of consistency between the relevant contents of the Uniform Provisions on the Approval of Passenger Cars with Internal Combustion Engines and Fuel Consumption is not equivalent. This section replaces GB/T 125.45.1-2001 "Test Methods for Fuel Consumption of Passenger Cars" and partially replaces GB/T 12542.2- The.2001 "Test Method for Fuel Consumption of Commercial Vehicles" is related to the requirements of N1 vehicles. Compared with GB/T 125.45.1-2001, the main changes in this section are as follows. --- The scope of application of the standard has been expanded from the originally specified scope to M1 and N1 vehicles with a maximum design total mass not exceeding 3.5t; --- Use the cycle fuel consumption test specified in GB 18352.3-2005 to replace the simulated city cycle in the original standard. Fuel consumption test, and delete the content of the original Appendix A accordingly; --- Clearly stipulated that the cycle fuel consumption test under working conditions should be performed on the chassis dynamometer; --- In 5.3.3, the calculation of theoretical fuel consumption, mileage allocation ratio and fuel consumption were adjusted and provided. Calculation method --- The content of the report on the results of the comprehensive fuel consumption test is specified in Appendix A. Appendix A, Appendix B, and Appendix C of this part are normative appendixes, and Appendix D is an informative appendix. This section is proposed by the National Development and Reform Commission. This section is under the jurisdiction of the National Automotive Standardization Technical Committee. This section was drafted. China Automotive Technology and Research Center. The main drafters of this section. Jin Yuefu, Wang Zhao, Gao Haiyang. The previous versions of the standards replaced by this section are. --- GB 12545-1990, GB/T 12545.1-1-2001, GB/T 12545.2.2-2001; --- GB 1334-1977. GB/T 12545.1.1-2008 Automobile fuel consumption test method Part 1. Test method for fuel consumption of passenger cars1 ScopeThis part of GB/T 12545 specifies the fuel consumption test method for passenger cars. This section applies to M1 and N1 vehicles with a maximum design total mass not exceeding 3.5t.2 Normative referencesThe clauses in the following documents have become the clauses of this section through the reference of this part of GB/T 12545. Any quotes with dates Documents, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this section, however, it is encouraged to achieve The parties to the agreement investigate whether the latest versions of these documents are available. For undated references, the latest edition applies to this document. section. GB 18352.3-2005 Emission limit and measurement method of pollutants for light vehicles (China III, IV) GB/T 19233-2008 Fuel consumption test method for light vehicles (ECER101-00, NEQ) GB/T 15089 Classification of motor vehicles and trailers (GB/T 1589-2001, eZevECER.E. 3..1997)3 Test items3.1 Cycle fuel consumption test under the conditions specified in GB 185352.3. 3.2 Fuel consumption test of 90km/h constant speed driving. 3.3 Fuel consumption test at 120 km/h at constant speed. For vehicles with a maximum speed of less than 120 km/h, reference should be made to The test is carried out at the highest speed.4 test conditions4.1 Test vehicle 4.1.1 The test vehicle does not need to run in during the test specified in 3.1. Run-in shall be carried out before the tests specified in 3.2 and 3.3 are carried out. Should travel less than 3000km. 4.1.2 The engine and vehicle controls should be adjusted in accordance with the manufacturer's regulations. In particular, the idling device should be adjusted (adjust the speed and CO in the exhaust). Volume), starting devices and exhaust purification systems. 4.1.3 In order to avoid the formation of mixed gas due to accidental air intake, the tightness of the test vehicle's air intake system should be checked. 4.1.4 The performance of the test vehicle shall meet the requirements of the manufacturer, and it shall be able to drive normally and smoothly start cold and hot. 4.1.5 Before the test, the test vehicle should be placed in an environment with an ambient temperature of 20 ° C to 30 ° C and maintained for at least 6 hours until the engine oil temperature The temperature and the temperature of the coolant reach the ambient temperature ± 2 ° C. The vehicle shall be tested within 30 hours after running at normal temperature. 4.1.6 The test vehicle must be clean, and the windows and vents should be closed; only the equipment necessary for the vehicle to travel can be used. If there is manual control The thermal device shall be in the position specified by the manufacturer in accordance with the ambient temperature at the time of the test. 4.1.7 If the cooling fan of the test vehicle is temperature-controlled, it should be guaranteed to work normally. The passenger cabin air-conditioning system is turned off, but its The compressor should be in normal working condition. 4.1.8 If the test vehicle is equipped with a supercharger, the supercharger should be in normal working condition during the test. 4.1.9 If a four-wheel drive test vehicle uses only coaxial two-wheel drive for testing, it shall be indicated in the test report. 4.2 Lubricant The test vehicle shall use the lubricant specified by the manufacturer and noted in the test report. GB/T 12545.1.1-2008 4.3 tires The tire should be selected by the manufacturer as the type required by the original parts, and the maximum test load and maximum test speed recommended by the manufacturer The inflation pressure corresponding to the degree of tire inflation. The tire can run in with the vehicle at the same time or the pattern depth should be 50% of the initial pattern depth. 90%. 4.4 Test fuel The test fuel shall comply with the regulations of the vehicle manufacturer. 4.5 Measurement Conditions for Fuel Consumption 4.5.1 The measurement accuracy of distance shall be 0.3%, and the measurement accuracy of time shall be 0.2s. Fuel consumption, distance traveled and time The measuring device shall be started simultaneously. 4.5.2 Fuel is supplied to the engine through a mass-measuring device with an accuracy of ± 2%. The change in fuel pressure and temperature at the inlet should not exceed 10% and ± 5 ° C, respectively. If volume measurement is used, the measurement points should be recorded Fuel temperature. 4.5.3 A valve system can also be set to ensure that the fuel flows quickly from the normal fuel supply line into the measurement line. Change the direction of fuel The operating time should not exceed 0.2s. 4.6 Standard conditions Atmospheric pressure. H0 = 100kPa; Temperature. T0 = 293K (20 ° C). 4.6.1 Air density a) Calculation formula for air density. · T0 TTT (1) In the formula. HT --- atmospheric pressure during the test; TT --- the absolute temperature during the test, the unit is on (K). b) The difference between the air density during the test calculated according to the above formula and the air density under standard conditions shall not be greater than 7.5%. 4.6.2 Environmental conditions The ambient temperature should be between 5 ° C (278K) and 35 ° C (308K), and the atmospheric pressure should be between 91 kPa and 104 kPa. Relatively wet The degree should be less than 95%. If allowed by the manufacturer, the test can be carried out at an ambient temperature of a minimum of 1 ° C. At this time, the provisions of 6.2.8.1 shall be used. 5 ° C temperature correction factor. 4.7 Calculation of fuel consumption 4.7.1 Determination of fuel consumption C by weight method C = MD · Sg × 100 (L/100km) (2) In the formula. Sg --- the fuel density at a standard temperature of 20 ° C (293K) in kilograms per cubic decimeter (kg/dm3); D --- the actual exercise distance during the test, the unit is kilometer (km); M --- Measured value of fuel consumption, unit is kilogram (kg). 4.7.2 Determination of fuel consumption C by volume method C = 犞 1 ＋ αT0-T （） ［] FD × 100 (L/100km) (3) In the formula. 犞 --- Measured value of fuel consumption (volume), unit is liter (L); GB/T 12545.1.1-2008 α --- Fuel volume expansion coefficient, when the fuel is gasoline and diesel, the coefficient is 0.0001/℃; T0 --- standard temperature 20 ° C (293K), the unit is degrees Celsius (° C); TF --- average fuel temperature, that is, the arithmetic mean of the fuel temperature read on the volume measuring device at the beginning and end of each test The unit is Celsius (° C). 5 GB 18352.3-2005 cycle cycle fuel consumption test and calculation 5.1 The test cycle, as described in GB 18235.2-3-2005 Annex CA, consists of two parts (1 for urban driving) and 2 (for suburban driving). All operating regulations in this annex apply to CO2, CO and HC measurements. If the vehicle cannot reach the acceleration and maximum speed values required by the test cycle, the accelerator pedal should be fully depressed until it returns to the required operation. Line curve. The deviation from the test cycle shall be recorded in the test report. 5.2 Dynamometer settings Set the load and inertia of the dynamometer in accordance with the provisions of Appendix C of GB 18352.3-2005. During type test, GB 18352.3-2005 in CC. The provisions of 5.1 determine the driving resistance of the vehicle. If the driving resistance curve is provided by the vehicle manufacturer, At the same time provide test reports, calculation reports or other relevant information, and be confirmed by the inspection agency. If requested by the vehicle manufacturer, driving resistance It can be selected according to Table CB1 in GB 18352.3-2005. The arbitration test shall be performed in accordance with CC 184.32.3-2005. 5.1 Provisions determine the driving resistance of the vehicle. 5.3 Calculation of HC, CO, CO2 fuel consumption and adjustment of fuel consumption 5.3.1 General provisions 5.3.1.1 Gaseous pollutant emissions are calculated using the following formula (4) In the formula. Zmax --- The dilution exhaust volume corrected to the standard state (273.2K and 101.33kPa), the unit is liter per test (L/test). 1) ppm is 10-6 volume ratio, the same below. 5.3.1.2 Volume determination 5.3.1.2.1 When the volume is calculated using a variable dilution device that controls a constant flow rate using an orifice plate or a Venturi tube, the continuous flow rate is displayed And calculate the total volume during the test. 5.3.1.2.2 When using a positive displacement pump to calculate the volume, use the following formula to calculate the diluted exhaust volume in the system including the positive displacement pump. 犞 = 犞 0 × N (5) In the formula. 犞 --- diluted exhaust volume (before calibration), the unit is liter per test (L/test); Q0 --- the volume of gas pumped by the volumetric pump under test conditions, in liters per revolution (L/r); N --- the number of revolutions per test, the unit is revolutions (r). 5.3.1.2.2.3 Correct the diluted exhaust volume to the standard state. Correct the diluted exhaust volume using the following formula. 犞 MX = 犞 × K1 × PpTp (6) In the formula. K1 = 273.21010.33 = 2.6911 (K × kPa-1) (7) GB/T 12545.1.1-2008 In the formula. Pp --- the absolute pressure at the inlet of the positive displacement pump, in kilopascals (kPa); Tp --- the average temperature of the diluted exhaust gas entering the positive displacement pump during the test, the unit is Kelvin (K). 5.3.1.3 Calculate the corrected concentration of pollutants in the sampling bag In the formula. DF --- dilution factor. The calculation of the dilution factor is as follows. DF = 13.4CCO2 + CHC + C () CO × 10 (9) In the formula. CCO2 --- The concentration of CO2 in the diluted exhaust gas in the sampling bag, volume fraction%; CHC --- the concentration of HC in the diluted exhaust gas in the sampling bag, ppmC; CCO --- The concentration of CO in the diluted exhaust gas in the sampling bag, ppm1). 5.3.1.4 Special provisions for vehicles equipped with compression ignition engines Measuring the HC of a compression ignition engine Use the following formula to calculate the average concentration of HC used to determine the HC emissions of a compression ignition engine. Ce = (10) In the formula. Ce --- The concentration of HC in the diluted exhaust gas sample obtained by integrating the HC recording curve, pppm. 5.3.2 Calculation of fuel consumption 5.3.2.1 Calculate the HC, CO, and CO2 emissions calculated in 5.3.1 to calculate the urban, suburban, and comprehensive fuel consumption, respectively. 5.3.2.2 Use the following formula to calculate the fuel consumption, the unit is 100 liters per liter (L/100 km). a) For vehicles equipped with a gasoline engine. FC = 0.1154D 0.886 × M () HC + 0.429 × M () CO + 0.273 × MCO () [] 2 (11) b) For vehicles equipped with a diesel engine. FC = 0.1155D 0.886 × M () HC + 0.429 × M () CO + 0.273 × MCO () [] 2 (12) In the formula. FC --- Fuel consumption in liters per 100 kilometers (L/100km); MHC --- Measured hydrocarbon emissions in grams per kilometer (g/km); MCO --- Measured carbon monoxide emissions in grams per kilometer (g/km); MCO2 --- the measured carbon dioxide emissions in grams per kilometer (g/km); D --- The density of the test fuel at 288K (15 ° C), the unit is kilogram per liter (kg/L). 5.3.2.3 The correction of the fuel consumption calculation value when no reference fuel is used shall be performed in accordance with 7.2.1 of GB/T 19233-2008. 5.3.2.4 Determination of type test value GB/T 12545.1.1-2008 5.3.2.1 If the difference between the measured and calculated fuel consumption and the comprehensive value declared by the manufacturer meets the following requirements, the declaration shall be consolidated. The value is used as the type test value. a) For M1 vehicles. Comprehensive value measured and calculated by the inspection agency-manufacturer's declared comprehensive value Manufacturer's declared comprehensive value ≤ + 4% (13) b) For vehicles of category N1. Comprehensive value measured and calculated by the inspection agency-manufacturer's declared comprehensive value Manufacturer's declared comprehensive value ≤ + 6% (14) 5.3.4.2 If the result of the above two formulas is > + 4% or > + 6%, another test is performed on the vehicle. After two trials, in case. Comprehensive average calculated from two measurements-manufacturer declared comprehensive value Comprehensive value declared by the manufacturer ≤ + 4% or ≤ ＋ 6% (15) The declared comprehensive value of the manufacturer shall be used as the type test value. 5.3.2.3 If the combined average calculated from two measurements is still > + 4% or > + 6%, perform one on the vehicle. Final confirmation tests. The comprehensive average of the measurement calculation results of the three tests is used as the type test value. 5.3.2.5 During the multiple tests, no changes or adjustments to the engine or vehicle are allowed. 5.3.2.6 The format of the report of the fuel consumption type test results is shown in Appendix A. 5.3.3 Calculation of adjusted fuel consumption 5.3.3.1 Statistics can also be used to adjust the urban and suburban areas of cities across the country. Calculations for adjusting fuel consumption should be based on specific Proportion of urban and suburban mileage and intensity and proportion of braking, acceleration, deceleration and idling during urban and suburban driving And set the corresponding adjustment factor. 5.3.1.1 The adjustment factor A for the fuel consumption in urban areas shall be obtained based on the survey statistics of the driving conditions in the urban areas of specific cities. 5.3.1.2 The adjustment factor B for the fuel consumption in the suburbs shall be calculated based on the survey and statistics of the driving conditions in the suburbs of a particular city. 5.3.1.3 The urban area mileage adjustment factor X should be calculated based on the statistics of the city area mileage allocation survey for a specific city. 5.3.1.4 The adjustment factor for the ratio of driving mileage in the suburbs is 1-X. 5.3.3.2 Calculation of adjusted fuel consumption. FC adjustment = FCNEDC_ECE × X × A + FCNEDC_EUDC × (1-X) × B (16) In the formula. FC adjustment --- adjusted fuel consumption; FCNEDC_ECE --- theoretical urban fuel consumption; FCNEDC_EUDC --- theoretical suburban fuel consumption; A --- urban fuel consumption adjustment factor; B --- suburban fuel consumption adjustment factor; X --- The proportion of test mileage allocated for the calculation of urban fuel consumption.6 Fuel consumption test at constant speed6.1 Fuel consumption test for constant speed driving can be carried out either on the dynamometer or on the road. 6.1.1 Vehicle test quality The vehicle test mass is the complete vehicle mass plus 180 kg. When the 50% load of the vehicle is greater than 180 kg, the vehicle test mass Add 50% of the vehicle mass (including the mass of measuring personnel and instruments) to the vehicle's complete vehicle mass. 6.1.2 Load distribution 6.1.2.1 For M1 vehicles, the center of mass of the load shall be located at the midpoint of the line connecting the R points of the front outboard seats. 6.1.2.2 For vehicles with a maximum of two rows of seats, the center of mass of the load should be located at the midpoint of the R-point line of the front outer seat. 6.1.2.3 For vehicles with more than two rows of seats, the initial centroid of the 180kg load shall be located at the midpoint of the line connecting the points R of the front outer seats GB/T 12545.1.1-2008 The center of mass of the additional load should be on the center line of the vehicle, and should be at the midpoint of the R-point of the front row outer seat and the R-point of the second row of outer seats. Between the midpoints. 6.1.2.4 For N1 vehicles, the center of mass of the additional load (referring to the total test load minus the mass of measuring instruments and personnel) shall be located in the cargo The center of the box. 6.1.3 Transmission 6.1.3.1 If the maximum speed of the vehicle in the highest gear (state) exceeds 130 km/h, only the fuel consumption of this gear can be used. Determination. 6.1.3.2 If the maximum speed in the (-1) gear exceeds 130 km/h and the maximum speed......Tips & Frequently Asked Questions:Question 1: How long will the true-PDF of GB/T 12545.1-2008_English be delivered?Answer: Upon your order, we will start to translate GB/T 12545.1-2008_English as soon as possible, and keep you informed of the progress. The lead time is typically 3 ~ 5 working days. The lengthier the document the longer the lead time.Question 2: Can I share the purchased PDF of GB/T 12545.1-2008_English with my colleagues?Answer: Yes. 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