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GB 31241-2022: Lithium ion cells and batteries used in portable electronic equipment - Safety technical specification Delivery: 9 seconds. True-PDF full-copy in English & invoice will be downloaded + auto-delivered via email. See step-by-step procedure Status: Valid GB 31241: Historical versions
Similar standardsGB 31241-2022: Lithium ion cells and batteries used in portable electronic equipment - Safety technical specification---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GB31241-2022 GB NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ICS 29.220.99 CCS K 82 Replacing GB 31241-2014 Lithium ion cells and batteries used in portable electronic equipment - Safety technical specification Issued on. DECEMBER 29, 2022 Implemented on. JANUARY 01, 2024 Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation; Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. Table of ContentsForeword... 5 Introduction... 8 1 Scope... 10 2 Normative references... 10 3 Terms and definitions... 11 4 Test conditions... 17 4.1 Applicability of the test... 17 4.2 Environmental conditions for the test... 17 4.3 Parameter measurement tolerance... 18 4.4 Temperature measurement method... 18 4.5 Charging and discharging procedure for test... 18 4.6 Simulated faults or abnormal operating conditions... 19 4.7 Type test... 19 5 General safety requirements... 23 5.1 General safety considerations... 23 5.2 Safety working parameters... 23 5.3 Labeling and warning instructions... 24 5.4 Safety-critical components... 26 6 Electrical safety test of cell... 27 6.1 High temperature external short circuit... 27 6.2 Overcharge... 28 6.3 Forced discharge... 29 7 Environmental safety test of cell... 29 7.1 Low air pressure... 29 7.2 Temperature cycle... 30 7.3 Vibration... 30 7.4 Acceleration impact... 31 7.5 Dropping... 31 7.6 Extrusion... 32 Lithium ion cells and batteries used in portable electronic equipment - Safety technical specification1 ScopeThis document specifies the safety requirements and test methods for lithium ion cells and batteries used in portable electronic equipment. This document applies to lithium ion cells and batteries used in portable electronic equipment (hereinafter referred to as cells and batteries). Examples of portable electronic equipment within the scope of this document are as follows. a) portable office products. laptops, tablets, etc.; b) mobile communication products. mobile phones, cordless phones, walkie-talkies, etc.; c) portable audio/video products. portable TV sets, portable audio/video players, cameras, video cameras, recording pens, Bluetooth headsets, portable speakers, etc.; d) other portable products. electronic navigators, digital photo frames, game consoles, e-books, power banks, portable energy storage power supplies, portable projectors, wearable devices, etc. This document may apply, as a reference, to lithium ion cells and batteries for similar purposes to the examples above. There may be additional requirements for lithium ion cells or batteries for portable electronic equipment used in specific occasions such as vehicles, ships, and aircraft, as well as in special fields such as medical treatment, mining, and submarine operations. This document does not apply to lithium ion cells and batteries for electronic cigarettes.2 Normative referencesThe following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the version corresponding to that date is applicable to this document; for undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) is applicable to this document. GB/T 2423.5, Environmental testing - Part 2.Test methods - Test Ea and guidance. Shock GB/T 2423.10, Environmental testing - Part 2.Test methods - Test Fc. Vibration (sinusoidal) GB/T 2423.21, Environmental testing - Part 2.Test methods - Test M. Low air pressure GB/T 2423.22, Environmental testing - Part 2.Tests methods - Test N. Change of temperature GB 4943.1-2022, Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment - Part 1.Safety requirements GB/T 5169.5-2020, Fire hazard testing for electric and electronic products - Part 5. Test flames - Needle-flame test method - Apparatus, confirmatory test arrangement and guidance GB/T 5330-2003, Industrial woven metal wire cloth (square opening series) GB/T 6005-2008, Test sieves - Metal wire cloth perforated metal plate and electroformed sheet - Nominal sizes of openings GB/T 17626.2, Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement techniques - Electrostatic discharge immunity test3 Terms and definitionsThe following terms and definitions are applicable to this document. 3.1 Lithium ion cell A device – designed to be rechargeable – that realizes the mutual conversion of chemical energy and electrical energy by relying on the movement of lithium ions between the positive and negative electrodes. Note. The device includes electrodes, diaphragms, electrolytes, containers and terminals, etc. 3.2 Lithium ion battery A ready-to-use assembly consisting of any number of lithium ion batteries including a protective circuit.4 Test conditions4.1 Applicability of the test The tests, which are specified in this document, shall be carried out only when safety is involved. When the standard content clearly stipulates that a certain type of cell or battery is not applicable to the product test due to the product design, structure, and function constraints, the test may not be performed. Where the cell or battery cannot be tested due to constraints of product design, structure or function, but such a test needs to be carried out, a relevant test can be carried out instead, by testing the electronic products of the cell or battery, the charger attached to the electronic product, or the components that form part of the electronic product, together with the cell or battery. Note. The portable electronic equipment and its attached charger or components that form part of it come from the manufacturer of the cell or battery or the manufacturer of the electronic product, who shall provide operating instructions. Unless otherwise specified, the samples after the test are not required to be used normally. 4.2 Environmental conditions for the test Unless otherwise specified, the test is generally carried out under the following conditions. a) temperature. 20 °C ± 5 ℃; b) relative humidity. not more than 75%; c) air pressure. 86 kPa ~ 106 kPa. 4.3 Parameter measurement tolerance Relative to the specified value or actual value, the accuracy of all control values or measured values shall be within the following tolerance range. a) voltage. ±0.2%; b) current. ±1%; c) temperature. ±2%; d) time. ±0.1%; e) capacity. ±1%; f) speed. ±1%. 4.4 Temperature measurement method Use the thermocouple method to measure the surface temperature of the sample. Select the most unfavorable temperature point as the test judgment basis for the temperature test point. Note. Auxiliary methods, such as infrared equipment, can be used to find the most unfavorable point. 4.5 Charging and discharging procedure for test 4.5.1 Charging procedure for test A cell or battery can be charged by one of the following methods. a) a method specified by the manufacturer; b) Charge at 0.2It A; when the terminal voltage of the cell or battery reaches the limited charging voltage (Ucl), change to constant-voltage charging, until the charging current is less than or equal to 0.02It A; stop charging. Before charging, discharge the cell or battery according to the method specified in 4.5.2; leave to stand for 10 minutes; Unless otherwise specified, method a) is preferred; method b) may be used when information on method a) is not available. 4.5.2 Discharging procedure for test It is recommended to discharge the cell or battery at a constant current at the recommendation discharging current (Icr) to the end of discharge voltage (Ude). 4.6 Simulated faults or abnormal operating conditions Simulated faults or abnormal operating conditions, if required, shall be applied sequentially, with one fault simulated at a time. Failures directly caused by simulated faults or abnormal operating conditions are considered part of the simulated faults or abnormal operating conditions. When a single fault is set, this single fault shall include failure of any component. Circuit boards, circuit diagrams and component specifications shall be inspected to determine reasonably foreseeable failure conditions, such as. a) short circuit and open circuit between any two pins of a semiconductor device; b) short circuit and open circuit of the capacitor; c) short circuit and open circuit of the current limiting device; d) short circuit and open circuit of the voltage limiting device; e) an internal fault causing excessive power consumption in the integrated circuit. 4.7 Type test 4.7.1 Requirements for samples Unless otherwise specified, the tested samples shall be representative samples of the products which are going to be accepted by the customer, including a small batch of trial production samples or products that are ready to be delivered to the customer. Where the test requires the introduction of wire testing or connection, the total resistance generated by the introduction of wire testing or connection shall be less than 20 mΩ. 4.7.2 Number of samples Unless otherwise specified, 3 samples shall be prepared for each test item. 4.7.3 Sample capacity test The actual capacity of the cell or battery sample shall be greater than or equal to its rated capacity, otherwise, it cannot be used as a typical sample for the type test. Note. Unless otherwise specified, the above requirements are for type tests only. First, fully charge the sample according to the charging procedure specified in 4.5.1; then, leave for 10 minutes; then, discharge according to the discharging procedure specified in 4.5.2.The capacity provided during discharge is the actual capacity of the sample. Where there is disagreement with the capacity test result, the test can be re-performed at the ambient temperature of 23 °C ± 2 °C, which is used as the arbitration condition.5 General safety requirements5.1 General safety considerations The safety of cells and batteries is considered from the following two conditions. a) normal conditions; b) reasonably foreseeable misuse, abuse and failure conditions. 5.2 Safety working parameters In order to ensure the safety of cells and batteries under different conditions, the safety working conditions shall be specified, including parameters such as temperature range, voltage range and current range. Due to the difference in cell material system and structure, the safety working parameter values may be different. Note. See Appendix A for examples of the operating ranges of cell. The manufacturer shall indicate at least the information in Table 6 in the specification. The parameters of the battery shall match the parameters of its internal constituent cells. 5.3 Labeling and warning instructions 5.3.1 Labeling requirements The labeling of cells and batteries shall be clearly identifiable and shall not be confusing. Indicate the following labeling in Chinese. a) product name and model; b) rated capacity, rated energy, limited charging voltage, nominal voltage; c) positive and negative polarity. use the words “positive, negative”, or the symbols “+, -”, or red, black; d) manufacturing plant; e) date of manufacture or batch number. The labeled value of rated energy shall meet the definition of rated energy. The labeling of cells and batteries shall comply with the requirements in Table 7. Note. For the labeling of positive and negative poles of the button cell, only label the positive or negative pole, by using symbols such as “+” or “-”. 5.3.2 Warning instructions There shall be warning instructions in Chinese on the body or the min. package of the battery. Example 1.Do not disassemble, strike, crush or throw into fire. Example 2.Do not continue to use if severe swelling occurs. Example 3.Do not place it in a high temperature environment. Example 4.Do not use after immersion in water. For user replaceable batteries that can be put into the swallowing gauge, warning instructions in Chinese shall also be given on their min. package. Example 5.Small cells that may be swallowed by children must be kept out of reach of children. Example 6.Do not swallow cells, swallowing may cause burns. Example 7.If swallowed, seek medical attention promptly. Swallowing gauge test tooling shall be in accordance with C.1 of Appendix C. Note. When the battery is sold separately, the min. package refers to the min. package of the battery; when the battery is sold together with an electronic product, the min. package can also be the min. package of the electronic product.6 Electrical safety test of cell6.1 High temperature external short circuit After fully charging the cell in accordance with the test method specified in 4.5.1, place it in an environment of 57 °C ± 4 °C; after the cell surface temperature reaches 57 °C ± 4 °C, place it for another 30 minutes. Then, use wires to connect the positive and negative polarities of the cell at this ambient temperature; ensure that all external resistances are 80 mΩ ± 20 mΩ. During the test, monitor the temperature change of the cell. When any of the following two situations occurs, terminate the test. a) The temperature drop of the cell reaches 20% of the maximum temperature; b) The short-circuit time reaches 24 hours. In case of dispute, choose the stricter one between a) and b). The cell shall not have fire or explosion. 6.2 Overcharge After the cell is fully discharged according to the test method specified in 4.5.2, first charge it at a constant current of the maximum charging current (Icm) to the test voltage in Table 8, and then charge it at a constant voltage of this voltage value. The schematic diagram of the relationship between the overcharge test voltage and the limited charging voltage is shown in Figure 1. During the test, monitor the temperature change of the cell. When any of the following two situations occurs, terminate the test. a) The continuous charging time of the cell reaches 7 h or the charging time defined by the manufacturer, whichever is larger; b) The temperature drop of the cell reaches 20% of the maximum temperature. In case of dispute, choose the stricter one between a) and b). The cell shall not have fire or explosion. 6.3 Forced discharge After discharging the cell in accordance with the test method that is specified in 4.5.2, use a current of 1It A to reverse-charge to the negative upper limited charging voltage (-Uup). The total reverse-charging time is 90 min. If, within 90 minutes of reverse charging, the voltage reaches the negative upper limited charging voltage (-Uup), the current shall be reduced to continue reverse charging at the voltage; terminate the test after a total of 90 minutes of reverse charging, as shown in Case 1 of Figure 2. If the voltage does not reach the negative upper limited charging voltage (-Uup) within 90 minutes of reverse charging, the test shall be terminated after a total of 90 minutes of reverse charging, as shown in case 2 in Figure 2. The cell shall not have fire or explosion.7 Environmental safety test of cellNote. This chapter applies to lithium ion cells only. 7.1 Low air pressure After fully charging the cell in accordance with the test method that is specified in 4.5.1, place the cell in a vacuum box at 20 °C ± 5 °C; vacuum to reduce the pressure in the box to 11.6 kPa (simulated altitude of 15 240 m); keep it for 6 h. The specific test method is in accordance with the relevant regulations in GB/T 2423.21. The cell shall not have fire, explosion or leakage. 7.2 Temperature cycle Place the fully charged cell in a temperature-controlled chamber at a temperature of 20 °C ± 5 °C and follow the procedure below. a) Raise the temperature of the test chamber to 72 °C ± 2 °C and keep it for 6 h; b) Lower the temperature of the test chamber to -40 °C ± 2 °C and keep it for 6 h; c) Repeat steps a) ~ b) for a total of 10 cycles; d) Store at room temperature of 20 °C ± 5 °C for at least 6 h. During the test, the conversion time between each two temperatures shall not exceed 30 min. The schematic diagram of the steps is shown in Figure 3. The specific test methods shall be in accordance with the relevant regulations in GB/T 2423.22. The cell shall not have fire, explosion or leakage. 7.3 Vibration Fasten the fully charged cell on the vibration test bench, and conduct the sinusoidal vibration test according to the parameters in Table 9. Perform 12 cycles in each direction, with a total of 3 h of vibration in each direction. Cylindrical and button cells are subjected to vibration tests in two directions, axial and radial; square and soft-packed cells are subjected to vibration tests in three mutually perpendicular directions. The specific test methods shall be in accordance with the relevant provisions in GB/T 2423.10. The cell shall not have fire, explosion or leakage. 7.4 Acceleration impact Fix the fully charged battery on the impact table and conduct the half-sine pulse impact test. In the first 3 ms, the minimum average acceleration is 75 gn, the peak acceleration is 150 gn ± 25 gn, and the pulse duration is 6 ms ± 1 ms. The cell is subjected to three acceleration impact tests in each direction. Cylindrical and button-type cells are subjected to impact tests in two directions, axial and radial; square and soft-packed cells are subjected to impact tests in sequence in three mutually perpendicular directions. The specific test methods shall be in accordance with the relevant provisions in GB/T 2423.5. The cell shall not have fire, explosion or leakage. 7.5 Dropping After the cell is fully charged according to the test method specified in 4.5.1, drop it freely on the concrete slab at a drop height of 1 m. Drop the two ends of the cylindrical and button cells once, and the cylindrical surface twice, for a total of four dropping tests; drop each side of the square and soft-packed cells once, for a total of six tests. The cell shall not have fire or explosion. 8 Environmental safety test of battery Note. This chapter applies to lithium ion batteries, as well as integral samples consisting of non-user-replaceable cells/batteries and their electronic products. 8.1 Low air pressure Perform the low air pressure test after the sample is fully charged according to the test method specified in 4.5.1.For the test method, see 7.1. The sample shall not have fire, explosion or leakage. 8.2 Temperature cycle Perform a temperature cycle test on the sample. See 7.2 for the test method. The sample shall not have fire, explosion or leakage. 8.3 Vibration Carry out the vibration test on the sample, and carry out the vibration test sequentially in three directions perpendicular to each other. For the test method, see 7.3. The sample shall not have fire, explosion or leakage. 8.4 Acceleration impact Carry out the acceleration impact test on the sample, and carry out the acceleration impact test sequentially in three mutually perpendicular directions. For the test method, see 7.4. ......Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al. Tips & Frequently Asked Questions:Question 1: How long will the true-PDF of English version of GB 31241-2022 be delivered?Answer: The full copy PDF of English version of GB 31241-2022 can be downloaded in 9 seconds, and it will also be emailed to you in 9 seconds (double mechanisms to ensure the delivery reliably), with PDF-invoice.Question 2: Can I share the purchased PDF of GB 31241-2022_English with my colleagues?Answer: Yes. 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