GBZ130-2020 PDF English
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| GBZ 130-2020 | English | 495 |
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Requirements for radiological protection in diagnostic radiology
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| GBZ 130-2013 | English | 160 |
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Requirements for radiological protection in medical X-ray diagnosis
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GBZ 130-2020: Requirements for radiological protection in diagnostic radiology---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBZ130-2020
GBZ
NATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE STANDARD
ICS 13.100
C 57
Replacing GBZ 130-2013, GBZ 165-2012, etc.
Requirements for radiological protection in diagnostic
radiology
Issued on. APRIL 03, 2020
Implemented on. OCTOBER 01, 2020
Issued by. National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 6
2 Normative references... 6
3 Terms and definitions... 6
4 General rules... 8
5 Technical requirements for protection performance of X-ray equipment... 12
6 Technical requirements for protection facilities of machine room of X-ray
equipment... 16
7 Protection safety requirements for operation of X-ray equipment... 22
8 Protection testing requirements for machine room of X-ray equipment... 27
Annex A (informative) Examples for pediatric illegitimate imaging examinations
... 28
Annex B (normative) Protection testing of machine room of X-ray equipment
... 29
Annex C (informative) Lead equivalents of different shielding substances in
medical diagnostic X-ray protection... 33
Annex D (informative) Correction method for response time of measuring
instrument reading... 38
Annex E (informative) Diagnostic reference level... 41
Annex F (informative) Requirements for medical diagnostic X-ray personal
protective materials and supplies... 44
Annex G (informative) Requirements for protective glass panel of medical
diagnostic X-ray... 58
Bibliography... 63
1 Scope
This Standard specifies requirements for protection in diagnostic radiology,
including protection performance of X-ray imaging diagnosis and interventional
radiology equipment, equipment room protection facilities, protection safety
operation requirements and related protection testing requirements.
This Standard is applicable to X-ray imaging diagnosis and interventional
radiology.
X-ray imaging equipment in radiotherapy and nuclear medicine shall be
implemented in accordance with this Standard.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of
this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
GB 18871, Basic Standards for Protection against Ionizing Radiation and for
the Safety of Radiation Sources
GBZ 128, Specifications for individual monitoring of occupational external
exposure
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1 X-ray imaging diagnosis
a technology that uses X-ray penetration and other properties to obtain image
information of human organs and tissues to diagnose diseases
3.2 C-arm X-ray equipment
the X-ray equipment for diagnosis that is composed of C-frame, X-ray tube
assembly and image intensifier (or dynamic flat panel detector), of which the
frame and X-ray tube combination can be rotated in one or two directions
3.3 mobile X-ray equipment
the mobile medical X-ray equipment that is used carry out operations such as
bedside X-ray photography or fluoroscopy
3.4 X-ray diagnostic equipment installed on vehicle
the fixed X-ray equipment installed on medical X-ray diagnostic vehicle; it
usually is composed of X-ray generator, X-ray imaging device, bed, table,
bracket and other auxiliary equipment
3.5 portable X-ray inspection equipment
an on-site use inspection device that uses X-rays to conduct safety inspection
and personnel rescue; it is usually carried directly by operator to operate on site
3.6 interventional radiology
a technology that, under the supervision and guidance of the medical imaging
system, through percutaneous needle puncture or introduction of catheters,
performs suction injection, drainage or shaping, perfusion, embolization for
lumens and blood vessels to diagnose and treat diseases
4 General rules
4.1 Management requirements
Medical institutions shall be responsible for the protection and safety of
radiation workers, subjects and the public, mainly including.
4.2.3 All new types of medical exposure techniques and methods, before use,
shall be judged for legitimacy. Types of medical exposure that have been judged
to be justified, when new or important evidence is obtained and a new judgment
is required, shall be re-judged for legitimacy. When using all new medical
exposure techniques and methods that have passed the justification judgment,
they shall be strictly controlled within the scope of their indications. To use new
indications, a separate judgment for legitimacy must be made.
4.2.5 When the group inspection enables the public to gain enough benefits to
compensate for the economic and social costs (including radiation hazards),
this kind of inspection is legitimate.
4.2.6 X-ray diagnostic group inspection shall prohibit the use of ordinary
fluoroscopy inspection methods. Unless there is a clear indication of disease
risk, X-ray computed tomography (CT) shall not be used for physical
examination.
4.2.9 Mobile and portable X-ray equipment shall not be used for routine
inspections. Only when it is not possible or medically does not allow the subject
to be sent to a fixed device for examination, and after taking strict corresponding
protective measures, can mobile or portable X-ray equipment be used to
operate at the bedside. Perform medical imaging examination.
4.3 Protection optimization requirements
4.3.1 The basic goal of optimizing the protection of subjects in X-ray diagnostic
and interventional radiology procedures is to maximize the benefits beyond the
hazards.
4.4 Quality assurance requirements
4.4.1 Quality assurance program for radiological diagnosis
It shall develop a quality assurance program for radiological diagnosis,
including.
4.5 Others
4.5.1 See Annex B for X-ray equipment room protection testing.
4.5.2 See Annex C for lead equivalent of different shielding substances in
medical diagnostic X-ray protection.
5 Technical requirements for protection performance of X-ray equipment
5.1 General requirements
5.1.1 On the outlet of X-ray equipment, a beam limiting system shall be installed
(such as beam limiter, diaphragm).
5.1.4 Accompanying documents shall describe the following protection-related
properties.
5.2 Special requirements for protective performance of X-ray equipment
for fluoroscopy
5.2.1 The minimum focal distance of the C-arm X-ray equipment shall not be
less than 20cm. The minimum focal distance of another X-ray equipment for
fluoroscopy shall not be less than 30cm.
5.4 Special requirements for protection performance of CT equipment
5.4.1 Before the scanning process starts, it shall specify CT operating
conditions used during a scan procedure.
5.4.2 For any CT scan procedure, it shall display dose information on the
operator console.
5.5 Special requirements for protection performance of X-ray equipment
for dental photography
5.5.1 The nominal value of the tube voltage when using dental X-ray equipment
shall not be less than 60kV.
5.8.2 In the machine room, there shall be control keys for the staff to
successfully switch between fluoroscopy and photography functions without
changing the operating position.
5.9 Special requirements for protection performance of X-ray diagnostic
equipment installed on vehicle
5.9.1 X-ray diagnostic equipment installed on vehicle shall meet special
requirements for protection performance of its corresponding device type.
5.9.2 X-ray diagnostic equipment installed on vehicle shall be equipped with
beam limiting device to ensure that the X-ray does not exceed the plane of the
image receiver.
6 Technical requirements for protection facilities of machine room of X-ray equipment
6.1 Layout of machine room of X-ray equipment
6.1.1 X-ray equipment, doors, windows and pipeline ports of the machine room
shall be set up reasonably. Try to avoid direct exposure to doors, windows,
pipeline openings and staff operating positions with useful harnesses.
6.1.5 Except bedside photography equipment, portable X-ray equipment and
X-ray diagnostic equipment installed on vehicle, with regard to the X-ray
equipment machine room for new construction, reconstruction and expansion
projects and technological transformation and technology introduction projects,
the minimum effective use area and minimum unilateral length shall meet the
requirements of Table 2.
6.4 Workplace protection of X-ray equipment
6.4.1 The machine room shall be equipped with observation windows or camera
monitoring devices. The location set shall be convenient to observe the state of
the subject as well as the opening and closing of the protective door.
6.4.10 The entrance to the machine room shall be in a position with relatively
low scattered radiation.
6.4.11 The selection of the workplace of X-ray diagnostic equipment installed
on vehicle shall fully consider the staying conditions of the surrounding
personnel. The X-ray useful harness shall avoid the route where people stay
and move.
7 Protection safety requirements for operation of X-ray equipment
7.1 General requirements
7.1.1 Radiology staff shall be proficient in business technology, receive
radiation protection and relevant legal knowledge training to meet the job
requirements of radiological staff.
7.1.7 During case teaching, the exposure time and number of exposures shall
not be arbitrarily increased.
7.1.8 The method of improving the exposure conditions of photography shall
not be used. Improve the development effect of expired film.
7.2 Protection safety requirements for operation of X-ray equipment for
fluoroscopy
7.2.1 It shall try to avoid the use of ordinary fluoroscopy. Avoid lying fluoroscopy
during use. Staff who use ordinary fluorescent screen fluoroscopy shall do
adequate dark adaptation before fluoroscopy.
7.2.2 When performing gastrointestinal angiography, the exposure conditions
shall be strictly controlled and repeated exposure shall be avoided. Effective
protective measures shall be taken for staff and subjects.
7.4 Protection safety requirements for operation of CT equipment
7.4.1 CT staff shall, according to actual clinical needs, correctly select and
optimize equipment working parameters. While meeting the needs of diagnosis,
minimize the subject's exposure dose.
7.4.2 When conducting CT examination to children, it shall correctly select
scanning parameters, so as to reduce the exposure dose and optimize the CT
application of children.
7.5 Protection safety requirements for operation of X-ray equipment for
dental photography
7.5.1 Oral film shall be fixed in place. Otherwise, the subject shall support
himself.
7.6 Protection safety requirements for operation of mammography X-ray
equipment
7.6.1 The thyroid area of the mammography subject shall be protected.
8 Protection testing requirements for machine room of X-ray equipment
8.1 Radiation dose testing of protective facilities of machine room of X-ray
equipment and around the machine room shall meet the following requirements.
8.3 During normal use, medical institutions shall check the working state
indicator light outside the door, the door closing device of the machine room
door daily. Conduct regular inspection for other protective facilities.
GBZ
NATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE STANDARD
ICS 13.100
C 57
Replacing GBZ 130-2013, GBZ 165-2012, etc.
Requirements for radiological protection in diagnostic
radiology
Issued on. APRIL 03, 2020
Implemented on. OCTOBER 01, 2020
Issued by. National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 6
2 Normative references... 6
3 Terms and definitions... 6
4 General rules... 8
5 Technical requirements for protection performance of X-ray equipment... 12
6 Technical requirements for protection facilities of machine room of X-ray
equipment... 16
7 Protection safety requirements for operation of X-ray equipment... 22
8 Protection testing requirements for machine room of X-ray equipment... 27
Annex A (informative) Examples for pediatric illegitimate imaging examinations
... 28
Annex B (normative) Protection testing of machine room of X-ray equipment
... 29
Annex C (informative) Lead equivalents of different shielding substances in
medical diagnostic X-ray protection... 33
Annex D (informative) Correction method for response time of measuring
instrument reading... 38
Annex E (informative) Diagnostic reference level... 41
Annex F (informative) Requirements for medical diagnostic X-ray personal
protective materials and supplies... 44
Annex G (informative) Requirements for protective glass panel of medical
diagnostic X-ray... 58
Bibliography... 63
1 Scope
This Standard specifies requirements for protection in diagnostic radiology,
including protection performance of X-ray imaging diagnosis and interventional
radiology equipment, equipment room protection facilities, protection safety
operation requirements and related protection testing requirements.
This Standard is applicable to X-ray imaging diagnosis and interventional
radiology.
X-ray imaging equipment in radiotherapy and nuclear medicine shall be
implemented in accordance with this Standard.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of
this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
GB 18871, Basic Standards for Protection against Ionizing Radiation and for
the Safety of Radiation Sources
GBZ 128, Specifications for individual monitoring of occupational external
exposure
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1 X-ray imaging diagnosis
a technology that uses X-ray penetration and other properties to obtain image
information of human organs and tissues to diagnose diseases
3.2 C-arm X-ray equipment
the X-ray equipment for diagnosis that is composed of C-frame, X-ray tube
assembly and image intensifier (or dynamic flat panel detector), of which the
frame and X-ray tube combination can be rotated in one or two directions
3.3 mobile X-ray equipment
the mobile medical X-ray equipment that is used carry out operations such as
bedside X-ray photography or fluoroscopy
3.4 X-ray diagnostic equipment installed on vehicle
the fixed X-ray equipment installed on medical X-ray diagnostic vehicle; it
usually is composed of X-ray generator, X-ray imaging device, bed, table,
bracket and other auxiliary equipment
3.5 portable X-ray inspection equipment
an on-site use inspection device that uses X-rays to conduct safety inspection
and personnel rescue; it is usually carried directly by operator to operate on site
3.6 interventional radiology
a technology that, under the supervision and guidance of the medical imaging
system, through percutaneous needle puncture or introduction of catheters,
performs suction injection, drainage or shaping, perfusion, embolization for
lumens and blood vessels to diagnose and treat diseases
4 General rules
4.1 Management requirements
Medical institutions shall be responsible for the protection and safety of
radiation workers, subjects and the public, mainly including.
4.2.3 All new types of medical exposure techniques and methods, before use,
shall be judged for legitimacy. Types of medical exposure that have been judged
to be justified, when new or important evidence is obtained and a new judgment
is required, shall be re-judged for legitimacy. When using all new medical
exposure techniques and methods that have passed the justification judgment,
they shall be strictly controlled within the scope of their indications. To use new
indications, a separate judgment for legitimacy must be made.
4.2.5 When the group inspection enables the public to gain enough benefits to
compensate for the economic and social costs (including radiation hazards),
this kind of inspection is legitimate.
4.2.6 X-ray diagnostic group inspection shall prohibit the use of ordinary
fluoroscopy inspection methods. Unless there is a clear indication of disease
risk, X-ray computed tomography (CT) shall not be used for physical
examination.
4.2.9 Mobile and portable X-ray equipment shall not be used for routine
inspections. Only when it is not possible or medically does not allow the subject
to be sent to a fixed device for examination, and after taking strict corresponding
protective measures, can mobile or portable X-ray equipment be used to
operate at the bedside. Perform medical imaging examination.
4.3 Protection optimization requirements
4.3.1 The basic goal of optimizing the protection of subjects in X-ray diagnostic
and interventional radiology procedures is to maximize the benefits beyond the
hazards.
4.4 Quality assurance requirements
4.4.1 Quality assurance program for radiological diagnosis
It shall develop a quality assurance program for radiological diagnosis,
including.
4.5 Others
4.5.1 See Annex B for X-ray equipment room protection testing.
4.5.2 See Annex C for lead equivalent of different shielding substances in
medical diagnostic X-ray protection.
5 Technical requirements for protection performance of X-ray equipment
5.1 General requirements
5.1.1 On the outlet of X-ray equipment, a beam limiting system shall be installed
(such as beam limiter, diaphragm).
5.1.4 Accompanying documents shall describe the following protection-related
properties.
5.2 Special requirements for protective performance of X-ray equipment
for fluoroscopy
5.2.1 The minimum focal distance of the C-arm X-ray equipment shall not be
less than 20cm. The minimum focal distance of another X-ray equipment for
fluoroscopy shall not be less than 30cm.
5.4 Special requirements for protection performance of CT equipment
5.4.1 Before the scanning process starts, it shall specify CT operating
conditions used during a scan procedure.
5.4.2 For any CT scan procedure, it shall display dose information on the
operator console.
5.5 Special requirements for protection performance of X-ray equipment
for dental photography
5.5.1 The nominal value of the tube voltage when using dental X-ray equipment
shall not be less than 60kV.
5.8.2 In the machine room, there shall be control keys for the staff to
successfully switch between fluoroscopy and photography functions without
changing the operating position.
5.9 Special requirements for protection performance of X-ray diagnostic
equipment installed on vehicle
5.9.1 X-ray diagnostic equipment installed on vehicle shall meet special
requirements for protection performance of its corresponding device type.
5.9.2 X-ray diagnostic equipment installed on vehicle shall be equipped with
beam limiting device to ensure that the X-ray does not exceed the plane of the
image receiver.
6 Technical requirements for protection facilities of machine room of X-ray equipment
6.1 Layout of machine room of X-ray equipment
6.1.1 X-ray equipment, doors, windows and pipeline ports of the machine room
shall be set up reasonably. Try to avoid direct exposure to doors, windows,
pipeline openings and staff operating positions with useful harnesses.
6.1.5 Except bedside photography equipment, portable X-ray equipment and
X-ray diagnostic equipment installed on vehicle, with regard to the X-ray
equipment machine room for new construction, reconstruction and expansion
projects and technological transformation and technology introduction projects,
the minimum effective use area and minimum unilateral length shall meet the
requirements of Table 2.
6.4 Workplace protection of X-ray equipment
6.4.1 The machine room shall be equipped with observation windows or camera
monitoring devices. The location set shall be convenient to observe the state of
the subject as well as the opening and closing of the protective door.
6.4.10 The entrance to the machine room shall be in a position with relatively
low scattered radiation.
6.4.11 The selection of the workplace of X-ray diagnostic equipment installed
on vehicle shall fully consider the staying conditions of the surrounding
personnel. The X-ray useful harness shall avoid the route where people stay
and move.
7 Protection safety requirements for operation of X-ray equipment
7.1 General requirements
7.1.1 Radiology staff shall be proficient in business technology, receive
radiation protection and relevant legal knowledge training to meet the job
requirements of radiological staff.
7.1.7 During case teaching, the exposure time and number of exposures shall
not be arbitrarily increased.
7.1.8 The method of improving the exposure conditions of photography shall
not be used. Improve the development effect of expired film.
7.2 Protection safety requirements for operation of X-ray equipment for
fluoroscopy
7.2.1 It shall try to avoid the use of ordinary fluoroscopy. Avoid lying fluoroscopy
during use. Staff who use ordinary fluorescent screen fluoroscopy shall do
adequate dark adaptation before fluoroscopy.
7.2.2 When performing gastrointestinal angiography, the exposure conditions
shall be strictly controlled and repeated exposure shall be avoided. Effective
protective measures shall be taken for staff and subjects.
7.4 Protection safety requirements for operation of CT equipment
7.4.1 CT staff shall, according to actual clinical needs, correctly select and
optimize equipment working parameters. While meeting the needs of diagnosis,
minimize the subject's exposure dose.
7.4.2 When conducting CT examination to children, it shall correctly select
scanning parameters, so as to reduce the exposure dose and optimize the CT
application of children.
7.5 Protection safety requirements for operation of X-ray equipment for
dental photography
7.5.1 Oral film shall be fixed in place. Otherwise, the subject shall support
himself.
7.6 Protection safety requirements for operation of mammography X-ray
equipment
7.6.1 The thyroid area of the mammography subject shall be protected.
8 Protection testing requirements for machine room of X-ray equipment
8.1 Radiation dose testing of protective facilities of machine room of X-ray
equipment and around the machine room shall meet the following requirements.
8.3 During normal use, medical institutions shall check the working state
indicator light outside the door, the door closing device of the machine room
door daily. Conduct regular inspection for other protective facilities.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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