GB/T 30137-2024 PDF English
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GB/T 30137-2024: Power quality - Voltage swell, voltage dips and short interruptions---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT30137-2024
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 29.020
CCS K 04
Replacing GB/T 30137-2013
Power quality - Voltage swell, voltage dips and short
interruptions
Issued on. DECEMBER 31, 2024
Implemented on. APRIL 01, 2025
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 6
2 Normative references... 6
3 Terms and definitions... 6
4 Statistics and indexes of voltage swells, voltage dips and short interruptions... 10
5 Detection of voltage swells, voltage dips and short interruptions... 14
6 Monitoring of voltage swells, voltage dips and short interruptions... 17
7 Assessment of voltage swells, voltage dips and short interruptions... 19
Appendix A (Informative) Voltage tolerance curve... 21
Appendix B (Informative) Point-on-wave of voltage dip initiation and phase-angle
jump detection... 23
Appendix C (Informative) Critical distance and dip area... 25
Bibliography... 31
1 Scope
This document specifies the indexes and statistical, test, monitoring and assessment
methods for voltage swell, voltage dip and short interruption in the electric power system.
This document is applicable to 50 Hz AC power systems.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this
document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the
edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 19862, General requirements for monitoring equipments of power quality
GB/T 17626.30, Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement techniques - Part 30.Power quality measurement methods
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
voltage swell
A phenomenon that the r.m.s. voltage at a certain point in the power system suddenly
rises to 1.1 p.u. ~ 1.8 p.u. and returns to normal after a short period of 10 ms ~ 1 min.
3.2
magnitude of voltage swell
The maximum value of the r.m.s. voltage during a voltage swell.
3.3
voltage dip; voltage sag
A phenomenon that the r.m.s. voltage at a certain point in the power system suddenly
drops to 0.1 p.u ~ 0.9 p.u. and returns to normal after a short period of 10 ms ~ 1 min.
3.4
short interruption
A phenomenon that the r.m.s. voltage at a certain point in the power system suddenly
drops to below 0.1 p.u. and returns to normal after a short period of 10 ms ~ 1 min.
3.5
threshold
The voltage threshold value used to determine the start and end of a voltage swell,
voltage dip or short interruption.
3.6
duration
The time taken from the start to the end of a voltage swell, voltage dip or short
interruption event.
3.7
phase-angle jump
The sudden change in the relative position of the voltage and/or current waveform on
the time axis before and after a voltage swell or voltage dip event occurs, expressed in
degrees or radians.
3.8
frequency; occurrence frequency
The number of voltage swells, voltage dips, or short interruptions that occur within a
specified period of time.
3.9
r.m.s. voltage refreshed each half-cycle
Urms(1/2)
The measured value of r.m.s. voltage whose measurement data window is one cycle,
starting from the zero crossing point of the fundamental wave and updated every half cycle.
3.10
r.m.s. voltage refreshed each cycle
Urms(1)
The measured value of r.m.s. voltage whose measurement data window is one cycle,
which is updated once every cycle.
3.11
residual voltage
Ures
The minimum value of the r.m.s. voltage during a voltage dip or short interruption.
3.12
depth of voltage dip
The difference between the reference voltage and the residual voltage.
Note. Reference voltage usually refers to nominal voltage or sliding reference
voltage, the former of which generally refers to the nominal voltage of the
system. If, according to the agreement between the supplier and the customer,
the voltage applied to the terminal is different from the nominal voltage, this
voltage is the nominal supply voltage.
3.13
system average r.m.s. frequency index
SARFI index
The average number of voltage swell, voltage dip or short interruption events in a
system or a single measuring point, which is the main quantitative index used to reflect
the frequency of voltage swells, voltage dips or short interruptions in a system or a
single measuring point within a specific time.
3.14
declared input voltage
Udin
The voltage value determined by dividing the system nominal voltage by the voltage
transformer ratio.
3.15
sliding reference voltage
Usr
The average voltage magnitude within a specific time period, which is used to indicate
the voltage before a voltage change event (such as voltage dip, voltage swell, and rapid
voltage change).
[Source. GB/T 17626.30-2023, 3.29, modified]
3.16
hysteresis voltage
The difference between the start voltage threshold and the end voltage threshold.
Note 1.The definition of hysteresis in this document is related to power quality
measurement parameters. This definition is different from the definition in
IEC 60050, which is related to the core saturation.
Note 2.The purpose of introducing the hysteresis term in power quality measurement
is to avoid multiple counting of events when the magnitude of the parameter
oscillates around the threshold range.
4 Statistics and indexes of voltage swells, voltage dips and
short interruptions
4.1 Statistics of voltage swells, voltage dips and short interruptions
The voltage swell, voltage dip and short interruption statistics table, which can
intuitively reflect the occurrence of voltage swells, voltage dips and short interruptions
at the monitoring point within a period of time, mainly counts the number of events
with different magnitudes and durations. If voltage swell and voltage dip or short
interruption occur simultaneously within 1 minute after the start of the event, they shall
be counted in Table 1 and Table 2, respectively. Table 1 shows the number of voltage
swell events corresponding to the corresponding magnitude and duration of voltage
swell; Table 2 shows the number of voltage dips or short interruptions corresponding to
the corresponding residual voltage and duration.
4.2 Indexes of voltage swells, voltage dips and short interruptions
4.2.2 Frequency index
The frequency index reflects the frequency of voltage swells, voltage dips or short
interruptions. Frequency statistics and evaluation can be carried out through monitoring
or other means, and the general statistical cycle is 1 year. The event frequency of a node
or the total event frequency of a regional power grid can be counted.
4.2.3 Severity index
The severity index reflects the impact of voltage swells, voltage dips or short
interruptions on equipment and users.
The event severity index is calculated in combination with the equipment tolerance
curve. The severity index Se of a single voltage swell event is defined as shown in
Formula (3), and the severity index Se of a single voltage dip or short interruption event
is defined as shown in Formula (4).
4.2.4 Indexes of voltage swell/dip
The energy index reflects the degree of energy enhancement/loss caused by swell/dip events.
5 Detection of voltage swells, voltage dips and short interruptions
5.1 Detection algorithm of r.m.s. voltage
5.1.1 r.m.s. voltage refreshed each half-cycle [Urms(1/2)] The calculation method of Urms(1/2) is shown in Formula (6).
5.1.2 r.m.s. voltage refreshed each cycle [Urms(1)]
The calculation method of Urms(1) is shown in Formula (7).
5.2 Event detection
5.2.1 Threshold setting
The threshold for voltage swell is generally set at 1.1 p.u.; the threshold for voltage dip
is generally set at 0.9 p.u.; the threshold for short interruption is generally set at 0.1 p.u.
5.2.2 Determination of voltage swell
In a single-phase system, when Urms(1/2) or Urms(1) is higher than the swell threshold, the
voltage swell event begins; when Urms(1/2) or Urms(1) is equal to or lower than the
difference between the voltage swell threshold and the hysteresis voltage, the voltage
swell ends. In a multi-phase system, when Urms(1/2) or Urms(1) of any phase is higher than
the swell threshold, the voltage swell begins; when Urms(1/2) or Urms(1) of all phases is
equal to or lower than the difference between the swell threshold and the hysteresis
voltage, the voltage swell ends.
5.2.3 Determination of voltage dip
In a single-phase system, when Urms(1/2) or Urms(1) is lower than the dip threshold, the
voltage dip event begins; when Urms(1/2) or Urms(1) is equal to or higher than the sum of
the dip threshold and the hysteresis voltage, the voltage dip ends. In a multi-phase
system, when Urms(1/2) or Urms(1) of any phase is lower than the dip threshold, the voltage
dip begins; when Urms(1/2) or Urms(1) of all phases is equal to or higher than the sum of
the dip threshold and the hysteresis voltage, the voltage dip ends.
5.2.4 Determination of short interruption
In a single-phase system, when Urms(1/2) or Urms(1) is lower than the short interruption
threshold, the short interruption event begins; when Urms(1/2) or Urms(1) is equal to or
higher than the sum of the short interruption threshold and the hysteresis voltage, the
short interruption ends. In a multi-phase system, when Urms(1/2) or Urms(1) of any phase
is lower than the short interruption threshold, the short interruption begins; when Urms(1/2)
or Urms(1) of all phases is equal to or higher than the sum of the short interruption
threshold and the hysteresis voltage, the short interruption ends.
5.3 Method for selecting values of characteristic parameters
5.3.2 Voltage dip
The characteristic parameters of voltage dip include residual voltage (Ures) or depth,
duration, and phase-angle jump; the residual voltage is the lowest Urms value measured
on any channel during the dip. The start time of the voltage dip shall be the end time of
the Urms measurement data window triggering the event channel; the end time of the
voltage dip shall be the end time of the Urms measurement data window terminating the
event channel. Urms is determined by the sum of the threshold and the hysteresis voltage.
The duration of a voltage dip is the time difference from the start to the end of the
voltage dip.
6 Monitoring of voltage swells, voltage dips and short interruptions
6.1 Classification of monitoring instruments
Monitoring instruments are divided into two categories according to their performance,
which are defined as follows.
Grade A performance – meeting the Grade A measurement method and uncertainty
requirements in GB/T 17626.30, capable of accurately measuring the magnitude,
duration, phase-angle jump and other characteristic parameters of voltage swell, voltage
dip and short interruption. Each measurement channel can measure the r.m.s. voltage
refreshed each half-cycle [Urms(1/2)]. This grade of instrument is suitable for occasions
where precise measurements are required, such as standard compliance inspection,
dispute resolution, power quality contract arbitration, etc.
Grade S performance – meeting the Grade S measurement method and uncertainty
requirements in GB/T 17626.30, and capable of measuring characteristic parameters
such as the magnitude and duration of voltage swells, voltage dips and short
interruptions. Each measurement channel can measure the r.m.s. voltage refreshed each
half-cycle [Urms(1/2)] or the r.m.s. voltage refreshed each cycle [Urms(1)]. This grade of
instrument is suitable for power quality survey statistics, troubleshooting and other
applications that do not require high accuracy.
An appropriate instrument performance grade shall be selected according to the specific
application.
6.2 Technical requirements for monitoring instruments
6.2.1 Basic functions
6.2.1.1 Monitoring function
The instrument shall be able to perform real-time monitoring of voltage swell, voltage
dip or short interruption events through voltage measurement, and obtain characteristic
parameters such as magnitude of voltage swell, residual voltage, and duration.
6.2.1.2 Waveform recording function
The event waveform record of the instrument shall be able to restore the process of
voltage instantaneous waveform changes within the recording time period, and shall
include waveforms of at least 5 cycles before the event and at least 20 cycles after the
event. Instruments of Grade A performance have the function of recording event
waveforms with a recording length of not less than 1 s, and instruments of Grade S
performance have the function of recording event waveforms with a recording length
of not less than 0.5 s.
6.2.1.3 Other functions
The display, communication interface, authority management, parameter configuration,
timing, storage and statistical functions of the instrument shall meet the requirements
of GB/T 19862 and have the function of threshold setting.
6.2.2 Instrument accuracy
The voltage magnitude measurement error of instruments of Grade A performance shall
not exceed ±0.2% of the declared input voltage; the voltage magnitude measurement
error of instruments of Grade A shall not exceed ±1.0% of the declared input voltage.
The duration measurement error of instruments of Grade A performance shall not
exceed ±1 cycle; the duration measurement error of instruments of Grade S
performance shall not exceed ±2 cycles.
7 Assessment of voltage swells, voltage dips and short interruptions
7.1 General
The assessment of voltage swell, voltage dip and short interruption is divided into single
measuring point index and system index assessment. Determine the assessment object
and scope based on the source and purpose of the assessment task; analyze the index
results; form an assessment report. If necessary, corresponding improvement measures
shall be suggested.
7.2 Single-measuring point index assessment
The single-measuring point indexes are used to characterize the overall characteristics
of voltage swells, voltage dips or short interruptions that occur at a specific node within
a certain period of time (typically one year), including SARFI index, severity index,
frequency index and energy index, and are assessed according to the calculation method
of the recommended indexes in 4.2.Single-measuring point indexes can be used to
assess the compatibility between sensitive equipment and power supply, can also help
select the installation site for sensitive loads, and can provide local users with the
voltage quality status of the node. In actual work, accurate identification of the dip area
can also provide a reference for selecting the location of sensitive loads. The calculation
method of the dip area is shown in Appendix C.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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