GB/T 37504-2019 (GB/T37504-2019, GBT 37504-2019, GBT37504-2019) & related versions
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GB/T 37504-2019: PDF in English (GBT 37504-2019)
GB/T 37504-2019
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 77-010
H 04
Guides for energy efficiency assessment of
continuous casting process
ISSUED ON: JUNE 04, 2019
IMPLEMENTED ON: MAY 01, 2020
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of
China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative references ... 4
3 Terms and definitions ... 4
4 Basic principles ... 5
5 Assessment steps ... 5
6 Boundary and energy statistics scope ... 6
7 Baseline energy consumption ... 6
8 Actual energy consumption ... 9
9 Energy efficiency index ... 11
10 Energy efficiency analysis ... 11
11 Energy efficiency optimization measures ... 12
Annex A (informative) Boundary division of continuous casting process ... 14
Annex B (informative) Recommended values for the standard coal coefficient
of various energy and energy-consuming working fluid ... 15
Bibliography ... 16
Foreword
This Standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This Standard was proposed by China Iron and Steel Industry Association.
This Standard shall be under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee
on Steels of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 183).
The drafting organizations of this Standard: MCC South Engineering
Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing Tianyuehua Metallurgical Equipment Co., Ltd.,
Metallurgical Industry Information Standards Institute, Guangzhou Baiyun
Hydraulic Machinery Factory Co., Ltd., Hunan Kemeda Electric Co., Ltd., MCC
South Continuous Casting Technology Engineering Co., Ltd., Hongxing Iron
and Steel Co., Ltd. of Gansu Jiugang Group, Hebei Jinxi Iron and Steel Group
Co., Ltd.
Main drafters of this Standard: Pan Guoyou, Xu Hailun, Li Shaoguo, Wang
Jiangwei, Zhou Ganshui, Li Zhenli, Shen Changhua, Xu Yongbin, Qiu Jinhui,
Chen Hongzhi, Han Zhanguang, Yang Bin, Luo Anning, Hou Yaxiong, Gao
Peng, Shen Yanxiong, Zhao Yichen, Zhao Jingjing.
Guides for energy efficiency assessment of
continuous casting process
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the terms and definitions, basic principles, assessment
steps, boundary and energy statistics scope, baseline energy consumption,
actual energy consumption, energy efficiency index, energy efficiency analysis
and energy efficiency optimization measures for energy efficiency assessment
of continuous casting process.
This Standard is applicable to energy efficiency assessment and energy saving
potential analysis of continuous casting process in iron and steel enterprises.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of
this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
GB 17167, Guides for providing and managing of the measuring instruments
of energy in enterprise
GB/T 21368, Specification for equipping and managing of measuring
instrument of energy in the iron and steel industry
GB/T 23331, Management system for energy - Requirements
GB/T 28924, Guides for calculating energy efficiency index of an iron and
steel enterprise
YB/T 4662, Guides for energy efficiency assessment of iron and steel
enterprise
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions defined in GB/T
23331, GB/T 28924, YB/T 4662 apply.
4 Basic principles
The energy efficiency assessment of continuous casting process shall follow
the basic principles:
a) Principle of legal compliance: the assessment object shall comply with
national laws and regulations, meet the requirements of the steel industry
policy, and comply with relevant mandatory standards for energy
conservation and emission reduction;
b) Principle of efficient energy use: promote efficient use and rational
allocation of energy; encourage enterprises to adopt advanced energy-
saving technologies or management measures; improve inefficient energy
production;
c) Principle of highlight: focus on examination of key processes and
equipment with high energy consumption and great energy saving
potential; focus on analysis on main factors of affecting energy efficiency;
d) Principle of scientific rationality: eliminate the influence of incomparable
factors within the scope permitted by conditions to ensure the
comparability of assessment indicators and the rationality of assessment
analysis.
5 Assessment steps
The efficiency assessment of continuous casting process includes but is not
limited to the following steps:
a) Determine boundary and energy consumption statistics range;
b) Collect field data of evaluation object; calculate actual energy
consumption;
c) Calculate a modified baseline energy consumption based on the objective
situation on site;
d) Calculate the energy efficiency index of the continuous casting process
and evaluate the energy efficiency level;
e) Analyze energy use level, energy metering equipment configuration, and
energy saving potential;
f) Propose energy efficiency optimization measures.
6 Boundary and energy statistics scope
6.1 Process boundary division
The boundary of the continuous casting process starts from the input of molten
steel into the pouring position and the input of energy and energy-consuming
working fluid. End with qualified billet shipped out of the continuous casting
workshop.
See Annex A for boundary division of continuous casting process.
6.2 Energy consumption statistics range
The energy consumption statistics range of continuous casting process is as
follows:
a) Continuous casting production, including continuous casting machine,
water treatment system, refractory product baking system and dust
removal system;
b) Include machine repair, inspection, testing, metering, transportation,
production management and scheduling systems, heating or cooling,
lighting, storage and other auxiliary production systems;
c) Include the amount of energy lost at the interface of the continuous casting
process.
The above statistical scope of energy consumption does not include the energy
consumption of facilities (such as canteens, lounges) that are not related to
production and are used for living purposes.
7 Baseline energy consumption
7.1 Baseline conditions
7.1.1 Baseline conditions are a number of measurable factors that have a large
impact on baseline energy consumption, including objective and subjective
factors.
7.1.2 Objective factors are the factors that are affected by inherent conditions
outside the process boundary and cannot be controlled within the process,
mainly referring to raw material conditions, product conditions, geographical
environment, climatic temperature.
7.1.3 Subjective factors are the factors that are related to the enterprise's own
management level, technical equipment level, and operation level, that can be
improved through optimization of technical equipment and management level.
7.1.4 The selection of baseline conditions shall meet the principles of being
advanced, mature and economic. The value usually represents the advanced
level of the industry.
7.2 Determination of baseline energy consumption
The determination of the baseline energy consumption includes but is not
limited to the following points:
a) The determination of the baseline energy consumption must first define its
boundaries and related baseline conditions;
b) The baseline energy consumption usually consists of a quantified energy
consumption index per unit product and baseline conditions;
c) The baseline energy consumption can be obtained based on theoretical
calculation, statistical analysis and field testing;
d) When using baseline energy comparison analysis, the influence of
objective factors shall be excluded as much as possible so as to improve
the rationality of the assessment.
See Table 1 for the baseline energy consumption of continuous casting process.
Table 1 -- Baseline energy consumption of continuous casting process
Continuous casting method Baseline energy consumption kgce/t
Small square (round) billet continuous casting 5.0
Large (round) continuous casting, profile continuous casting 6.5
Slab continuous casting 7.5
NOTE 1: The standard coal coefficient of power conversion is equivalent to 0.1229 kgce/(kW ꞏ h).
NOTE 2: See Table 2 for values of objective factors.
7.3 Modified baseline energy consumption
The modified baseline energy consumption is calculated according to formula
(1):
Where,
- Modified baseline energy consumption, in kilograms of standard coal per
ton (kgce/t);
e0 - Baseline energy consumption, in kilograms of standard coal per ton (kgce/t);
Δe0 - Correction, in kilograms of standard coal per ton (kgce/t).
The correction is calculated according to formula (2):
Where,
m - Number of objective factors;
- Objective factor value of the assessment object;
xi - Value of objective factor corresponding to baseline energy consumption;
- Baseline energy correction corresponding to the difference of the
ith objective factor.
See Table 2 for the value of objective factor of continuous casting process and
the baseline energy consumption correction.
Table 2 -- Value of objective factor and baseline energy consumption
correction
Category Objective factor
Value of objective
factor
corresponding to
baseline energy
consumption
Change
Baseline energy
consumption
correction
kgce/t
Product
conditions Steel type Non-alloy steel
Alloying element
content < 5% 0.5
Alloy element
content is 5% ~
10%
1.0
Alloy element
content> 10% 1.5
NOTE 1: When the actual change is not equal to the change in Table 2, the interpolation or
extrapolation method can be used to calculate the baseline energy consumption correction.
NOTE 2: When there is a large difference in energy consumption due to continuous casting of
special steel type, the enterprise can modify the baseline energy consumption according to
the actual situation.
8 Actual energy consumption
8.1 Data collection
Field data collection includes but is not limited to the followings. The process
parameters shall take data under stable production conditions. The change
shall be the average value of the statistical reporting period:
a) Yield information, including production scale, qualified product quantity
during statistical reporting period;
b) Raw material conditions, including steel type, molten steel composition
and temperature;
c) Product conditions, including cast blank quality and blank sending
temperature;
d) Energy and consumption of working fluid, such as circulating water,
electricity, compressed air, oxygen, nitrogen, argon, gas;
e) Main energy-consuming units and important energy-consuming
equipment parameters, such as the main parameters of continuous
casting machine, water treatment system, refractory product baking
system, dust removal system;
f) Ambient temperature.
8.2 Principles for calculating the value of standard coal coefficient for
energy and energy-consuming working fluid
8.2.1 The fuel energy that is actually consumed by energy-consuming units
shall be converted into standard coal based on its low calorific value. Refer to
Table B.1 in Annex B for the unmeasured.
8.2.2 Refer to Table B.2 for conversion of energy-consuming working liquid to
standard coal.
8.2.3 The conversion relationship between standard coal and heat is 1kgce =
29307.6kJ.
8.2.4 Take the equivalent value of the standard coal coefficient for power
conversion, that is, 1kWh = 0.1229kgce.
8.3 Calculation of actual energy consumption
The actual energy consumption is calculated according to formula (3):
Where,
ex - Actual energy consumption of the continuous casting process in the
statistical reporting period, in kilograms of standard coal per ton (kgce/t);
ein - Direct energy consumption of continuous casting process in the statistical
reporting period, in kilograms of standard coal (kgce);
eout - Energy recovered during the continuous casting process during the
statistical reporting period, in kilograms of standard coal (kgce);
p - Qualified product quantity of continuous casting process in statistical
reporting period, in tons (t).
The direct energy consumption of the continuous casting process in the
statistical reporting period is calculated according to formula (4):
Where,
cj - The amount of the jth energy used in the continuous casting process during
the statistical reporting period, in kilograms (kg) or cubic meters (m3) or kilowatt
hours (kWꞏh);
gj - Conversion standard coal coefficient for the jth energy, in kilograms of
standard coal per kilogram (kgce/kg) or kilograms of standard coal per cubic
meter (kgce/m3) or kilograms of standard coal per kilowatt-hour [kgce/(kW ꞏ h)];
n - Number of energy types directly consumed by the continuous casting
process in the statistical reporting period.
The energy recovered and supplied from the continuous casting process in the
statistical reporting period is calculated according to formula (5):
Where,
ck - The amount of kth energy recovered in the continuous casting process
during the statistical reporting period, in kilograms (kg) or cubic meters (m3) or
kilowatt hours (kWꞏh);
gk - Conversion standard coal coefficient for the kth energy, in kilograms of
standard coal per kilogram (kgce/kg) or kilograms of standard coal per cubic
meter (kgce/m3) or kilograms of standard coal per kilowatt-hour [kgce/(kW ꞏ h)];
r - Number of varieties of energy recovered in the continuous casting process
during the statistical reporting period.
9 Energy efficiency index
9.1 Calculation formula
The energy efficiency index is calculated according to formula (6):
Where,
EEIx - Energy efficiency index.
9.2 Energy efficiency level
9.2.1 When energy efficiency index EEIx ≤1.0, then the energy efficiency level
of the continuous casting process in the statistical reporting period is level 1.
9.2.2 When the energy efficiency index 1.0 < EEIx≤1.2, the energy efficiency
level of the continuous casting process in the statistical reporting period is level
2.
9.2.3 When the energy efficiency index EEIx >1.2, the energy efficiency level of
the continuous casting process in the statistical reporting period is level 3.
9.2.4 The larger the energy efficiency index, the lower the energy efficiency
level, and the greater the energy saving potential.
10 Energy efficiency analysis
10.1 Normative analysis
Normative analysis shall include but is not limited to the following:
a) Whether it complies with relevant national laws, regulations, policies and
mandatory standard provisions;
b) Whether there is any outdated technology or equipment that is prohibited
or eliminated by explicit order;
c) The use of national and industry-recommended new energy-saving
processes, new technologies and new products.
10.2 Equipment and monitoring analysis of energy measurement
equipment
Energy metering equipment and monitoring analysis shall include but not
limited to the following:
a) According to the requirements of GB 17167 and GB/T 21368, analyze the
scientificity and rationality of the equipment measurement scheme of the
continuous casting process;
b) Energy utilization status of continuous casting process can be monitored
by referring to GB/T 15316.
10.3 Energy efficiency level analysis
The energy efficiency level analysis shall include but not limited to the following:
a) Energy efficiency analysis of continuous casting process;
b) For energy efficiency analysis of important equipment, refer to GB 18613,
GB 30254, GB 19761, GB 19762;
c) Energy unit consumption analysis;
d) For energy management analysis, refer to GB/T 30258;
e) For rationality analysis of power utilization, refer to GB/T 3485;
f) For rationality analysis of heat energy utilization, refer to GB/T 3486;
g) For energy saving potential analysis and energy system optimization, refer
to GB/T 30715.
11 Energy efficiency optimization measures
The continuous casting process can use but is not limited to the following
energy efficiency optimization measures:
a) Improve the level of energy management and process operations;
b) Secondary cooling dynamic water distribution technology;
c) Regenerative baking technology;
d) Use energy-saving flame cutting system;
e) Frequency-saving speed regulation, permanent magnet speed regulation,
high-efficiency motors and other power-saving technologies.
Annex A
(informative)
Boundary division of continuous casting process
See Figure A.1 for the example of boundary division of continuous casting
process.
Figure A.1 -- An example of boundary division of continuous casting
process
Energy and energy-consuming working fluid input
Electricity Gas Oxygen Nitrogen Argon Compressed air
New
water Others
Refractory products
drying and baking
Dust
removal
system
Molten steel
Covering agent
Protective slag
Pouring station Continuous casting machine
Qualified blank
Rolled steel
Recycled water
Water treatment
system
Auxiliary production system (machine repair, inspection, laboratory test, measurement,
transportation)
Annex B
(informative)
Recommended values for the standard coal coefficient of various energy
and energy-consuming working fluid
See Table B.1 for primary and secondary energy (fuel) average low calorific
value and recommended standard coal coefficient.
Table B.1 -- Primary and secondary energy (fuel) average low calorific
value and recommended standard coal coefficient
Energy name Average low calorific value Standard coal coefficient kgce/m3
Natural gas 35588kJ/m3 1.2143
Coke oven gas 16746kJ/m3 0.5714
Blast furnace gas 3139kJ/m3 0.1071
Converter gas 7327kJ/m3 0.2500
Electricity (equivalent) 3602kJ/(kWꞏh) 0.1229
See Table B.2 for the recommended value of standard coal coefficient for
energy-consuming working fluid.
Table B.2 -- Recommended value of standard coal coefficient for energy-
consuming working fluid
Name
Working liquid energy
consumption of unit energy
consumption
kJ/m3
Standard coal coefficient when
taking electric equivalent value
kgce/m3
New water 1213 0.0414
Industrial water 1392 0.0475
Soft water 5539 0.1890
Compressed air 445 0.0152
Oxygen 2350 0.0802
Nitrogen 495 0.0169
Argon 17994 0.6140
Bibliography
[1] GB/T 3485, Technical guides for evaluating the rationality of electricity usage
in industrial enterprise
[2] GB/T 3486, Technical guides for evaluating the rationality of heat usage in
industrial enterprise
[3] GB/T 15316, General principles for monitoring and testing of energy saving
[4] GB 18613, Minimum allowable values of energy efficiency and energy
efficiency grades for small and medium three-phase asynchronous motors
[5] GB 19761, Minimum allowable values of energy efficiency and evaluating
values of energy conservation for fan
[6] GB 19762, The minimum allowable values of energy efficiency and
evaluating values of energy conservation of centrifugal pump for fresh water
[7] GB 30254, Minimum Allowable Values of Energy Efficiency and the Energy
Efficiency Grades for Cage Three-phase High Voltage Induction Motor
[8] GB/T 30258, Implementation Guidance for Energy Management Systems in
Iron and Steel Industry
[9] GB/T 30715, Guideline for energy system optimization of iron and steel
production process
__________ END __________
......
| Standard ID | GB/T 37504-2019 (GB/T37504-2019) | | Description (Translated English) | Guides for energy efficiency assessment of continuous casting process | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | H04 | | Classification of International Standard | 77.010 | | Word Count Estimation | 11,195 | | Date of Issue | 2019-06-04 | | Date of Implementation | 2020-05-01 | | Drafting Organization | China Metallurgical South Engineering Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing Tianyuehua Metallurgical Equipment Co., Ltd., Metallurgical Industry Information Standards Research Institute, Guangzhou Baiyun Hydraulic Machinery Factory Co., Ltd., Hunan Kemeida Electric Co., Ltd., China Metallurgical South Continuous Casting Technology Engineering Co., Ltd. Company, Gansu Jiugang Group Hongxing Iron and Steel Co., Ltd., Hebei Jinxi Iron and Steel Group Co., Ltd. | | Administrative Organization | National Steel Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC 183) | | Proposing organization | China Iron and Steel Association | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation, China National Standardization Administration |
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