GB/T 34425-2023 (GB/T34425-2023, GBT 34425-2023, GBT34425-2023) & related versions
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Fuel cell electric vehicles hydrogen refueling nozzle
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Fuel cell electric vehicles -- Hydrogen refuelling nozzle
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GB/T 34425-2023: PDF in English (GBT 34425-2023)
GB/T 34425-2023
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.081.01
CCS T 47
Replacing GB/T 34425-2017
Fuel cell electric vehicles hydrogen refueling nozzle
ISSUED ON: DECEMBER 28, 2023
IMPLEMENTED ON: JULY 01, 2024
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative references ... 5
3 Terms and definitions ... 5
4 Models ... 6
5 Requirements ... 7
5.1 General requirements ... 7
5.2 Performance requirements ... 8
6 Test methods ... 11
6.1 General provisions ... 11
6.2 Appearance inspection ... 12
6.3 Air tightness ... 12
6.4 Drop ... 12
6.5 Valve operating handle ... 13
6.6 Abnormal load ... 13
6.7 High and low temperature simulation ... 14
6.8 Durability ... 15
6.9 Aging resistance ... 16
6.10 Hydrogen compatibility ... 16
6.11 Resistor ... 16
6.12 Hydrostatic strength ... 16
6.13 Corrosion resistance ... 16
6.14 Deformation ... 17
6.15 Pollution ... 17
6.16 Thermal cycle ... 17
6.17 Precooled hydrogen exposure ... 17
6.18 Misoperation ... 18
6.19 Compatibility ... 18
6.20 Abuse ... 18
6.21 Freezing... 19
6.22 Swing/twist ... 20
7 Marking ... 20
Appendix A (Normative) Hydrogen refueling nozzle/receptacle connection ... 21
Appendix B (Normative) Tight fit test equipment ... 22
Appendix C (Normative) Loose fit test equipment ... 26
Appendix D (Normative) Wear mode testing equipment ... 30
Fuel cell electric vehicles hydrogen refueling nozzle
1 Scope
This document defines the hydrogen refueling nozzle for fuel cell electric vehicles,
specifies the technical requirements and test requirements for the hydrogen refueling
nozzle, describes the test methods for the hydrogen refueling nozzle and its connecting
components.
This document applies to fuel cell electric vehicle hydrogen refueling nozzles, that use
compressed hydrogen as the working medium, has a nominal working pressure not
more than 70 MPa and a medium temperature of -40 °C ~ 85 °C.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute essential provisions of this
document through normative references in the text. Among them, for dated reference
documents, only the version corresponding to the date applies to this document; for
undated reference documents, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to
this document.
GB/T 1690-2010 Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic - Determination of the effect
of liquids
GB/T 7762-2014 Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic - Resistance to ozone
cracking - Static strain testing
GB/T 10125 Corrosion tests in artificial atmospheres - Salt spray tests
GB/T 24548 Fuel cell electric vehicles - Terminology
GB/T 26779-2021 Hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle refueling receptacle
3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions as defined in GB/T 24548 and GB/T 26779-2021, as well as
the following terms and definitions, apply to this document.
3.1
Hydrogen refueling nozzle
A refueling nozzle, which is installed at the end of the hydrogenation hose of the
hydrogen refueling machine, to connect the hydrogen refueling machine and the
vehicle.
3.2
5 Requirements
5.1 General requirements
5.1.1 The type and size of the hydrogen refueling nozzle shall comply with the
requirements of Appendix A in GB/T 26779-2021. The design of the hydrogen refueling
nozzle shall ensure that it can only be connected to a receptacle, which has the same or
higher working pressure level. The dimensions of the envelope surface of the hydrogen
refueling nozzle and the receptacle and the dimensions of the sealing side parts of the
70 MPa hydrogen refueling nozzle shall meet the requirements of Appendix A.
5.1.2 The materials of the hydrogen refueling nozzle in contact with hydrogen shall be
compatible with hydrogen; hydrogen embrittlement will not occur within the designed
service life. Hydrogen refueling nozzles shall be made of non-fireable materials.
5.1.3 The connection between the hydrogen refueling nozzle and the hydrogen refueling
machine hose shall not rely solely on thread sealing.
5.1.4 The hydrogen refueling nozzle should have filters and other protective measures,
to prevent upstream solid matter from entering.
5.1.5 The hydrogen refueling nozzle shall be able to work normally in the ambient
temperature range of -40 °C ~ 60 °C and the medium temperature range of -40 °C ~
85 °C.
5.1.6 For the hydrogen refueling nozzle, it is not allowed to open the one-way valve of
the receptacle through mechanical means.
5.1.7 When the internal pressure is greater than 1 MPa, the hydrogen refueling nozzle
shall not be removed.
5.1.8 The axial force for connecting, locking, unlocking or disconnecting an
unpressurized hydrogen refueling nozzle shall be less than or equal to 90 N. If the
secondary locking mechanism is a rotary type, the locking or unlocking torque shall not
exceed 1 N·m. If the secondary locking mechanism is an axial type, the locking or
unlocking force shall not exceed 90 N.
5.1.9 The unlocking force or torque of type A and type B hydrogen refueling nozzles
after pressurization shall not be greater than 450 N or 5 N·m.
5.1.10 The requirements for hydrogen refueling nozzles, according to different types,
are as follows.
a) Type A: This type of hydrogen refueling nozzle is suitable for devices, where the
filling hose is under high pressure after the hydrogen refueling machine is shut
down. Hydrogenation can only be carried out, when the hydrogen refueling
nozzle is correctly connected to the receptacle. This type of hydrogen refueling
nozzle is equipped with one or more integrated valves. Before removing the
hydrogen refueling nozzle, stop hydrogenation by closing the valve and then open
the drain line, to ensure that the gas between the hydrogen refueling nozzle's stop
5.2.5.1 Leakage
Carry out the test according to the method specified in 6.7.1. There shall be no bubbles
in the hydrogen refueling nozzle and connector within 1 minute, OR the leakage rate
shall be less than 20 cm3/h.
5.2.5.2 Operability
Carry out the test according to the method specified in 6.7.2. After the operation test is
completed, the connector can be connected and disconnected normally, meanwhile the
refueling function is normal.
5.2.6 Durability
5.2.6.1 Hydrogen refueling nozzle
After testing according to the method specified in 6.8.1, the hydrogen refueling nozzle
meets the requirements in 5.2.1, 5.2.5 (only -40° C related content) and 5.2.10. When
connected to the wear mode test equipment for testing, the hydrogen refueling nozzle
meets the requirements of 5.2.1.
Before and after the test, the hydrogen refueling nozzle complies with the requirements
of 5.2.9.
During the test, according to the requirements in Table 3, replace the loose and tight fit
test equipment every 15000 times and check their wear. The wear and tear of test
equipment shall comply with the requirements of Appendix D.
5.2.6.2 Connectors
Connectors are designed to withstand the highest airflow conditions. After completing
the test according to the method specified in 6.8.2, the hydrogen refueling nozzle shall
be tested according to the method specified in 6.3a) and meet the requirements of 5.2.1.
5.2.7 Aging resistance
5.2.7.1 Oxygen aging resistance
Conduct an oxygen aging resistance test on the hydrogen refueling nozzle seal,
according to the method specified in 6.9.1. There shall be no obvious deformation,
deterioration, spots, cracks, etc.
5.2.7.2 Ozone aging resistance
Conduct an ozone aging resistance test on the hydrogen refueling nozzle seal, according
to the method specified in 6.9.2. There shall be no obvious deformation, deterioration,
spots, cracks, etc.
5.2.8 Hydrogen compatibility
Conduct an immersion test on non-metallic materials in direct contact with hydrogen in
the hydrogen refueling nozzle, according to the method specified in 6.10. The sample
shall not show signs of explosive decompression damage; the volume expansion rate
shall not exceed 25%; the shrinkage rate shall not exceed 1%; the mass loss shall not
exceed 10%.
5.2.9 Resistance
According to the method specified in 6.11, the resistance of the connector shall not be
greater than 1000 Ω under pressure and non-pressure conditions. Conduct resistance
tests before and after the life cycle test.
5.2.10 Hydrostatic strength
Carry out the test according to the method specified in 6.12. There is no leakage in the
hydrogen refueling nozzle and connector during the test.
The hydrostatic strength test is the final test. The sample shall not be used for any other
tests after this test.
5.2.11 Corrosion resistance
The test is carried out according to the method specified in 6.13. The hydrogen refueling
nozzle does not suffer from corrosion or loss of protective coating, shows good safety,
meets the relevant requirements of 5.2.1 [only 6.3a) test] and 5.2.9.
5.2.12 Deformation
When tested according to the method specified in 6.14, the components that need to be
connected/assembled on site can withstand a torque of 1.5 times the installation torque,
without deformation, damage or leakage.
5.2.13 Pollution
Conduct the test according to the method specified in 6.15. The hydrogen refueling
nozzle can withstand 10 consecutive cycles of pollution tests and meets the relevant
requirements of 5.6.
5.2.14 Thermal cycling
The test is carried out according to the method specified in 6.16. The hydrogen refueling
nozzle can withstand 100 thermal cycles and meets the relevant requirements of 5.2.1,
5.2.5, 5.2.10.
5.2.15 Precooled hydrogen exposure
Test according to the method specified in 6.17. The hydrogen refueling nozzle and
connector can withstand the pre-cooled hydrogen during refueling.
After the test, the hydrogen refueling nozzle and connector comply with the provisions
of 5.2.1 and 5.2.5.
5.2.16 Misoperation
Each connector performs 30 cycles, 2 seconds per cycle. Each cycle starts at the
nominal working pressure (equivalent to the highest air flow condition). At the end of
each cycle, the air source pressure cannot be lower than 80% of the working pressure.
The air source system cannot limit the flow during the test.
6.9 Aging resistance
6.9.1 Oxygen aging resistance
After the seal is placed in oxygen at a temperature of 70 °C ± 2 °C and a pressure of 2
MPa for 96 hours, observe its appearance.
6.9.2 Ozone aging resistance
Three samples are tested according to method A in GB/T 7762-2014.
6.10 Hydrogen compatibility
After the non-metallic seal of the hydrogen refueling nozzle is immersed in hydrogen
at nominal working pressure and normal temperature for 168 hours, the pressure is
completely released within 1 second; measure the volume change rate and mass change
rate successively of same sample, within 5 minutes thereafter according to the method
in 7.2 and 7.3 of GB/T 1690-2010.
6.11 Resistor
Correctly connect the hydrogen refueling nozzle and the receptacle. Measure the
resistance of the connector at 1.25 times the nominal working pressure and in the non-
pressure state.
6.12 Hydrostatic strength
Test the hydrogen refueling nozzle. The outlet end of the hydrogen refueling nozzle is
not blocked; water pressure 3 times the nominal working pressure is passed from the
inlet end for a duration of not less than 3 minutes.
Use loose and tight fit test equipment, respectively, to connect to the hydrogen refueling
nozzle for testing. Block the outlet end of the connector. Keep the hydrogen refueling
nozzle's valve seat or internal module in the open position. Apply water pressure 3 times
the nominal working pressure from the inlet end of the connector, for a duration of not
less than 3 minutes.
6.13 Corrosion resistance
Use new samples for the test. Install the protective cover in place. Leave the vent hole
in the cover unblocked. Block the connection between the hydrogen refueling nozzle
and the hydrogen refueling machine system.
The hydrogen refueling nozzle is horizontally supported and exposed to salt spray for
96 hours, according to the relevant provisions for neutral salt spray test in GB/T 10125.
During the test, the temperature in the test chamber is maintained at 33 °C ~ 36 °C. The
salt spray solution contains 5% sodium chloride and 95% distilled water (by mass).
Continuously introduce 0.5 MPa air at the entrance of the hydrogen refueling nozzle.
Within 8 hours of starting the test, the hydrogen refueling nozzle is opened once every
1 hour (air is released into the environment). After the test is completed, clean the
hydrogen refueling nozzle and remove the salt layer.
6.14 Deformation
After assembling the components at 1.5 times the normal torque, first conduct the tests
of 6.3 and 6.11. Then continue with the hydrostatic strength test of 6.12.
6.15 Pollution
The test container is filled with a mixture/suspension containing 5% salt and sand, at a
height of 100 mm ± 5 mm. Immerse the connecting ends of the hydrogen refueling
nozzle and the receptacle into the mixed liquid respectively. Soak for 1 s ~ 5 s. When
immersing the device, keep the entire connection area submerged; but do not touch the
bottom of the receptacle.
Connect the hydrogen refueling nozzle and the receptacle immersed in the mixed liquid
together. Purge the connector with leakage test gas under the maximum operating
pressure for 5 seconds. Then conduct the tests specified in 6.3 a) ~ 6.3 c).
Repeat the above operation 10 times.
6.16 Thermal cycle
The hydrogen refueling nozzle and connector are pressurized to the nominal working
pressure at 15 °C. Raise the ambient temperature to 85 °C within 0.5 h and maintain it
at this temperature for 2 h. Then reduce the ambient temperature to -40 °C within 1 hour.
Maintain it at this temperature for 2 hours. Finally, the external temperature returns to
15 °C within 0.5 h to complete the cycle.
Repeat the above operation 100 times.
6.17 Precooled hydrogen exposure
This test allows the hydrogen refueling nozzle under test to be winterized according to
the manufacturer's recommended method. The hydrogen refueling nozzle and
connector are subjected to hydrogen precooled to -40 °C at a flow rate of 30 g/s for at
Cover it with a protective cap. The force required to disconnect the hydrogen
refueling nozzle does not exceed the maximum plug and pull operation force
requirements.
e) Wait 7 min ± 0.1 min. Repeat steps c) and d) using the second receptacle.
f) Wait 7 min ± 0.1 min. Repeat steps c) and d) using the third receptacle.
g) Repeat steps c) ~ step f), for a total of 12 tests.
h) If the hydrogen refueling nozzle is disconnected from the receptacle for more than
30 seconds at any time, the hydrogen refueling nozzle is deemed to be frozen and
the test is terminated.
6.22 Swing/twist
Install the receptacle horizontally on a fixed support, that can withstand the specified
load without displacement or deflection. The hydrogen refueling nozzle is connected to
the hydrogen refueling machine hose and pressurized to the nominal working pressure.
Two equal and opposite torques (size 24 N·m) are applied cyclically and alternately to
the point of the hydrogen refueling nozzle farthest from the receptacle. Each load is
performed 2500 times at a frequency, but no more than one cycle per second.
7 Marking
The hydrogen refueling nozzle shall have the following permanent and clear markings:
a) Model;
b) Nominal working pressure;
c) Maximum operating pressure;
d) Working temperature;
e) Applicable media;
f) Operation direction;
g) Manufacturer’s name or trademark;
h) Year, month or batch number of production;
i) Implemented standard number.
......
| Standard ID | GB/T 34425-2023 (GB/T34425-2023) | | Description (Translated English) | Fuel cell electric vehicles hydrogen refueling nozzle | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | T47 | | Classification of International Standard | 43.081.01 | | Word Count Estimation | 26,250 | | Date of Issue | 2023-12-28 | | Date of Implementation | 2024-07-01 | | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB/T 34425-2017 | | Drafting Organization | Shanghai Shunhua New Energy Systems Co., Ltd., China Automotive Research Institute New Energy Vehicle Inspection Center (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., China Automotive Technology Research Center Co., Ltd., Toyota Motor (China) Investment Co., Ltd., Shanghai Motor Vehicle Inspection and Certification Technology Research Center Co., Ltd., Shandong Guochuang Fuel Cell Technology Innovation Center Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Automobile Group Co., Ltd., China Automotive Research Institute New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai Baitu Cryogenic Valve Co., Ltd., Hefei Guoxuan Hi-Tech Power Energy Co., Ltd. | | Administrative Organization | National Automotive Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC 114) | | Proposing organization | Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation, National Standardization Administration |
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