GB/T 33014.11-2023 (GB/T33014.11-2023, GBT 33014.11-2023, GBT33014.11-2023) & related versions
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Road vehicles - Component test methods for electrical/ electronic disturbances fromnarrowband radiated electromagnetic energy - Part 11: Reverberation chamber
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GB/T 33014.11-2023: PDF in English (GBT 33014.11-2023)
GB/T 33014.11-2023
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.040.10
CCS T 36
Road vehicles - Component test methods for electrical /
electronic disturbances from narrowband radiated
electromagnetic energy - Part 11: Reverberation chamber
(ISO 11452-11:2010, Road vehicles - Component test methods for electrical
disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy - Part 11:
Reverberation chamber, MOD)
ISSUED ON: SEPTEMBER 07, 2023
IMPLEMENTED ON: APRIL 01, 2024
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 4
Introduction ... 6
1 Scope ... 8
2 Normative references ... 8
3 Terms and definitions ... 8
4 Test conditions ... 10
5 Test locations ... 11
5.1 General ... 11
5.2 Reverberation chamber ... 11
6 Test equipment and instruments ... 11
6.1 Isotropic electric field probe ... 11
6.2 RF signal source ... 12
6.3 Transmitting and receiving antennas ... 12
6.4 Power amplifier ... 12
6.5 Spectrum analyzer ... 12
6.6 Directional coupler ... 12
6.7 Power meter ... 12
6.8 Computer control ... 12
6.9 DUT actuator and monitoring equipment ... 13
7 Test layout ... 13
7.1 General ... 13
7.2 Ground plane and DUT grounding ... 13
7.3 Power and artificial network (AN) ... 14
7.4 Location of DUT and wiring harness ... 15
7.5 Location of artificial load ... 15
7.6 Location of transmitting antenna ... 15
7.7 Location of receiving antenna ... 16
8 Test methods ... 17
8.1 Test plan ... 17
8.2 Test procedures ... 18
8.3 Test report ... 20
Annex A (Informative) Function performance status classification (FPSC) ... 21
A.1 General ... 21
A.2 Severity levels ... 21
Annex B (Normative) Reverberation room validation under tuning mode ... 22
B.1 General ... 22
B.2 Test procedures ... 24
B.3 Reverberation chamber gain ... 25
B.4 Field uniformity ... 26
B.5 Receiving antenna characterization factor (ACF) ... 28
B.6 Lowest usable frequency (LUF) ... 28
B.7 Maximum chamber loading factor (MLF) ... 28
Annex C (Normative) Loading effect calibration of reverberation chamber... 30
C.1 General ... 30
C.2 Test procedures ... 30
C.3 Chamber characterization factor ... 31
C.4 Chamber loading factor ... 31
C.5 Minimum pulse width ... 32
Annex D (Normative) Artificial network (AN) ... 34
D.1 General ... 34
D.2 Impedance of AN ... 34
Bibliography ... 36
Road vehicles - Component test methods for electrical /
electronic disturbances from narrowband radiated
electromagnetic energy - Part 11: Reverberation chamber
1 Scope
This document establishes the immunity test method for vehicle electrical/electronic
components to continuous narrowband radiated electromagnetic disturbance –
reverberation chamber.
This document establishes the test method for applying electromagnetic interference to
the device under test (hereinafter referred to as DUT) and the wiring harness (real
vehicle wiring harness or standard test wiring harness) in the reverberation chamber.
During the test, the support equipment of the DUT can be arranged either inside the
reverberation chamber or outside the reverberation room. The test shall be performed
under the tuning mode.
This document applies to the immunity test of electrical/electronic components for M,
N, O, and L category vehicles (not limited to vehicle power systems, such as spark
ignition engines, diesel engines, and electric motors).
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of
their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the
version corresponding to that date is applicable to this document; for undated references,
the latest version (including all amendments) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 33014.1, Road vehicles - Component test methods for electrical/electronic
disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy - Part 1: General
(GB/T 33014.1-2016, ISO 11452-1:2005, MOD)
3 Terms and definitions
Terms and definitions determined by GB/T 33014.1, and the following ones are
applicable to this document.
3.1
antenna characterization factor; ACF
-- test temperature;
-- test voltage;
-- modulation system;
-- dwell time;
-- test signal quality.
5 Test locations
5.1 General
The test shall be carried out in a reverberation chamber.
5.2 Reverberation chamber
The reverberation chamber used to test the DUT shall be so large that its working
volume can accommodate the test bench, support equipment and receiving antennas.
Note 1: Reverberation chamber size will affect the lowest usable frequency (LUF).
The working volume is usually rectangular which, however, is not essential.
The reverberation chamber shall contain at least one mechanical tuner to stir the
electromagnetic field in the chamber. Based on the reverberation chamber size and
working volume, the size of the mechanical tuner shall be as large as possible. In
addition, the shape of each tuner shall be such that during one rotation, the reverberation
chamber obtains a non-repetitive field distribution.
Note 2: The number, size and shape of tuners will affect the lowest usable frequency
(LUF).
After the reverberation chamber is built, the reverberation chamber validation shall be
performed according to Annex B. The field uniformity shall meet the requirements of
Table B.2, and the LUF of the reverberation chamber shall be confirmed. After any
major renovation, reverberation chamber validation shall be performed again. Tuner
changes shall be considered a major modification.
6 Test equipment and instruments
6.1 Isotropic electric field probe
The electric field probe shall be able to measure the electrical field strength on three
orthogonal axes.
6.2 RF signal source
The RF signal source shall be able to cover the specified frequency range and
modulation system.
6.3 Transmitting and receiving antennas
Linear polarizing antennas that meet the transmitting and receiving frequency
requirements respectively shall be used. Antenna efficiency shall be at least 75% (log-
periodic antennas and horn antennas usually meet this requirement). It is allowable to
use multiple antennas to cover the entire frequency range of the reverberation chamber.
6.4 Power amplifier
Power amplifiers are used to amplify radio frequency signals and provide the necessary
power to the transmitting antenna to generate the specified field strength.
6.5 Spectrum analyzer
The spectrum analyzer shall be able to cover the specified frequency range. Confirm
and test the reverberation chamber using a spectrum analyzer and receiving antenna
with and without a DUT.
6.6 Directional coupler
The directional coupler shall be able to cover the specified frequency range. It shall be
able to withstand the RF output of the power amplifier without damage. The directional
coupler is used in conjunction with the power meter to measure the forward power
delivered to the transmitting antenna.
6.7 Power meter
The power meter shall be able to cover the specified frequency range. The power meter
is used in conjunction with the directional coupler to measure the forward power
delivered to the transmitting antenna.
6.8 Computer control
The computer control system shall have the following functions: Before the DUT test,
special software combined with the computer and radio frequency test equipment needs
to be used for reverberation chamber validation according to Annex B. The software
needs to store the reverberation chamber validation information for use during the test.
During the DUT test, the software shall be able to control the RF test equipment and
tuner for testing as described in Chapter 8.
If the DUT’s enclosure is grounded to the vehicle’s metal structure, the DUT enclosure
should be grounded during the test (either through a ground plane or through a ground
plate placed on the test bench). The ground state of the DUT enclosure shall simulate
the actual vehicle configuration.
The ground plane (if used) of the test bench shall be made of copper, brass or galvanized
steel. The minimum size of the ground plane depends on the size of the system under
test and shall be able to fully accommodate the wiring harness and DUT system
components. The ground plane (excluding the ground connection) shall be placed
within the working volume of the reverberation chamber at a minimum distance of λ/4
corresponding to the lowest usable frequency from any walls and the tuner. The ground
plane shall be connected to the reverberation chamber using a ground strap, and its DC
resistance shall not exceed 2.5 mΩ. In addition, the edge distance between ground strips
shall not be greater than 0.3 m.
Note: Using a ground surface as the ground plane is an alternative currently under
investigation.
7.3 Power and artificial network (AN)
When DC power is required to maintain battery voltage, the DC power source shall be
located outside the reverberation chamber. All power lines entering the reverberation
chamber shall be filtered. The DC power line used to maintain the battery voltage can
be shielded from the reverberation chamber filter to the battery connecting point. The
DC power leads in the reverberation chamber should be routed along the walls and
reverberation chamber floor to minimize field coupling of the leads.
AN shall not be used if a ground plane is not used. The DUT’s power cord shall be
connected directly to the battery terminals.
If a ground plane is used, each power cord shall be connected to the power source via
AN. The DUT shall be powered through 5 μH/50Ω AN. Annex D gives the schematic
circuit diagram of artificial network (AN). The number of ANs required depends on
how the DUT is expected to be installed in the vehicle.
-- DUT far-end grounding (vehicle power return wire larger than 200 mm): Use two
ANs, one of which is connected to the positive pole of the power supply, and the
other is connected to the power return wire. The negative terminal of the power
supply shall be connected to the ground plane on the AN power (input) side of
the return wire.
-- DUT near-end grounding (vehicle power return wire not larger than 200 mm): Use
an AN and connect it to the positive pole of the power supply. The DUT power
return wire shall not be larger than 200 mm and shall be connected to the ground
plane. The negative terminal of the power supply shall be connected to a ground
plane near the AN enclosure ground.
AN shall be installed directly on the ground plane, and the housing shall overlap the
ground plane.
The measurement port of each AN shall be connected to a 50 Ω load.
7.4 Location of DUT and wiring harness
Unless otherwise specified in the test plan, a wiring harness of 1 700+300 0 mm length
shall be used. The type of wiring harness should be determined according to the actual
system usage (shielded, unshielded, twisted pair, etc.). The length of the wiring harness
shall be recorded in the test report.
The wiring harness shall be arranged in a “U shape” so that the straight length of the
wiring harness between the DUT and the artificial load is (1500±75) mm. The wiring
harness bending angle shall be (90+45 0 ) °.
If a ground plane is used, the DUT and wiring harness shall be placed (50±5) mm above
the ground plane on a non-conductive, low-dielectric-constant material (relative
dielectric constant, εr ≤ 1.4).
7.5 Location of artificial load
If a ground plane is used, the artificial load should be placed directly on the ground
plane. If the artificial load is a metal enclosure, the enclosure shall be directly connected
to the ground plane.
The artificial load can be arranged near the reference ground plane (the artificial load
enclosure overlaps the ground plane) or the artificial load can be arranged outside the
reverberation chamber. At this time, the test harness of the DUT passes through the RF
boundary that overlaps the reference ground plane.
When the artificial load is placed on a ground plane, the DC power line of the artificial
load shall be connected through AN.
7.6 Location of transmitting antenna
The location of the transmitting antenna shall remain unchanged during reverberation
chamber validation and testing. The transmitting antenna shall not illuminate the
working volume directly. If possible, the transmitting antenna shall be pointed at a
certain corner of the reverberation chamber (see Figure 1 for the location of the
transmitting antenna), or at the tuner. The transmitting antenna should be supported by
a non-conductive support (e.g., non-conductive tripod or polystyrene clamp) and kept
at a distance of at least λ/4 corresponding to the lowest usable frequency from any walls
and corners.
Note: Tilt the antenna upward to avoid the incident wave vertically irradiating the
reverberation chamber wall, which causes the standing wave ratio to be too high.
The frequency step size shall at least comply with the requirements of GB/T 33014.1.
The dwell time of the tuner at each test frequency point shall be at least 2 s, excluding
the response time of the test equipment and the time required to rotate the tuner until it
completely stops. Additional dwell time can be added to each test frequency point to
ensure that the DUT can operate in the appropriate operating mode and to ensure “off
time” during low-frequency modulation.
8.2.5 Pulse test signal requirements
The loading state of the reverberation chamber determines the minimum pulse width
that can be achieved in the pulse modulation test.
Within the test frequency range, if the pulse modulation width exceeding 10% of the
test frequency points is less than the minimum pulse width Tp,min specified in Annex C,
absorbing materials shall be added or the pulse width shall be increased. If absorbing
materials are added, the loading effect shall be remeasured and calculated according to
Annex C until a minimum number of absorbing materials is used to make the time
constant meet the requirements.
8.2.6 DUT test
Calculate the forward power value PForw,Test required for each test frequency point to
meet the test field strength requirements.
The tuner step size used for testing shall be at least the tuner step size used for
reverberation chamber validation in Annex B. The tuner shall rotate once at an equal
step angle at each frequency point. Ensure that the DUT is exposed to field strength
levels for an appropriate dwell time.
The corresponding receiving antenna during the reverberation chamber validation shall
be used to monitor and record the maximum and average values of the received power
PRec,Test (i.e., PRec,Test,max and PRec,Test,avg) to ensure that the required field strength is
generated. Use PRec,Test,avg to ensure that the loading state of the reverberation chamber
during the test has not changed compared with the time when the loading factor is
confirmed. When the difference between values of PRec,Test,avg is greater than 3 dB, it
shall be resolved.
Monitor the forward power PForw,Test of the transmitting antenna, and record the average
value PForw,Test,avg during the tuner rotation. When the tuner rotates for one revolution, if
the change of PForw,Test is greater than 3 dB, it shall be recorded in the test report.
Modulate the carrier as specified in the test plan. Unless otherwise specified, the peak
constant principle shall be adopted in accordance with GB/T 33014.1.
Monitor the DUT operation for any deviations.
Annex B
(Normative)
Reverberation room validation under tuning mode
B.1 General
Carry out an empty chamber (without DUT) validation according to the procedure in
B.2 to get a preliminary understanding of the reverberation chamber performance and
forward power requirements. Validation shall be carried out according to the procedure
in C.2 before each test. In the frequency range that meets the field uniformity
requirements of Table B.2 and above, the reverberation chamber can be used for testing.
When modifying the reverberation chamber (for example, adding absorbing materials,
replacing antennas, etc.) or the reverberation chamber validation procedure (for
example, changing the number of tuner steps, etc.) in order to obtain the desired
reverberation chamber validation, the same configuration or procedure shall be
maintained during the test as when the reverberation chamber was re-validated during
modification, to ensure that the reverberation chamber validation is valid.
During the reverberation chamber validation, for a cuboid working volume, 8 electric
field probe locations shall be used for determination. For the working volume of other
shapes, it may be necessary to add more electric field probe locations to define the
working volume.
The minimum spacing distance between different electric field probes shall be at least
λ/4 of the wavelength corresponding to the lowest reverberation chamber validation
frequency.
The electric field probe shall be located around the working volume, as shown in Figure
B.1. The boundary surface of the working volume shall be at least λ/4 of the wavelength
corresponding to the lowest reverberation chamber validation frequency from the
reverberation chamber surface, transmitting antenna or tuner.
The maximum working volume of the reverberation chamber should be used for
reverberation chamber validation to avoid the need for additional reverberation
chamber validation when testing larger samples.
Reverberant chamber validation shall be performed using an isotropic electric field
probe that reads field strength data for each axis separately. A calibrated electrically
short dipole antenna (i.e., less than λ/3) can be used instead of the isotropic electric field
probe if it can be located in three mutually perpendicular directions at each location.
Care should be taken to ensure that the dipole antenna is not affected by its connecting
cable. Optically isolated measurement systems (isotropic electric field probes or dipole
adding absorbing materials to reduce the Q value. The characteristics (dimensions,
construction methods, wall materials) of the reverberation chamber itself shall also be
evaluated to assess whether the laboratory is likely to pass the requirements.
When the number of modes of the reverberation chamber at the lowest test frequency
point does not reach 60 ~ 100, or the quality factor Qs of the reverberation chamber is
very high (for example, in a reverberation chamber with aluminum plate welding), it
will be difficult to meet the field uniformity requirements.
B.5 Receiving antenna characterization factor (ACF)
The receiving antenna characterization factor (ACF) in the empty chamber state is used
as the benchmark for the receiving antenna characterization factor after loading (as
described in Annex C). It is necessary to use a characterization factor to correct the
antenna measurement values to avoid the influence of various factors such as antenna
efficiency.
Referring to Formula (B.4), obtain the reverberation chamber characterization factors
of at least 8 electric field probe locations, and average them to calculate the receiving
antenna characterization factor (ACF) of each frequency, according to Formula (B.17):
B.6 Lowest usable frequency (LUF)
The lowest usable frequency fLUF of the reverberation chamber is the lowest frequency
that meets the field uniformity requirements of Table B.2.
B.7 Maximum chamber loading factor (MLF)
In order to determine whether the reverberation chamber is adversely affected by the
“loading effect”, the field uniformity of the reverberation chamber can be checked
under artificial loading conditions. During the life cycle of the reverberation chamber,
the reverberation chamber validation in the “loading” state only needs to be carried out
once. In addition, the reverberation chamber validation in the “loading” state shall also
be carried out after major modifications to the reverberation chamber. Before each test,
the procedure in Annex C shall be used for validation.
In the working volume of the reverberation chamber, install a sufficient amount of
absorbing material to bring the reverberation chamber loading level to the level during
normal testing [a 16-fold change in ACF (12 dB) shall be considered the rated loading
level].
Note: Every reverberation chamber is different and the easiest way to determine the
required absorbing material is trial and error.
Annex C
(Normative)
Loading effect calibration of reverberation chamber
C.1 General
This Annex describes the calibration procedures for the reverberation chamber due to
loading effects caused by DUT, wiring harness, support equipment, test bench, etc. The
loading effect is characterized by the chamber loading factor ACLF and the minimum
pulse width Tp,min.
This procedure shall be performed before each test. When the test uses an already used
(same or similar type) test arrangement, recalibration is not required.
C.2 Test procedures
Place the receiving antenna somewhere in the working volume of the reverberation
chamber and maintain a distance of λ/4 the wavelength corresponding to the lowest
usable frequency from the DUT, support equipment, etc.
Use the following procedure to measure the maximum and average received power PRec
of the receiving antenna and the average forward power PForw of the transmitting
antenna for all test frequencies.
-- Adjust the RF signal source, and inject an appropriate forward power PForw into
the transmitting antenna. It shall be ensured that the harmonics of the RF input to
the reverberation chamber are at least 15 dB lower than the fundamental wave.
-- Set up the measuring instrument to read the receiving antenna signal amplitude in
the correct frequency range.
-- When the reverberation chamber and tuner are operating, other possible
characteristics defined in B.1 shall meet the requirements for field uniformity.
Each frequency point shall have sufficient dwell time to ensure the correct
response of the measuring instrument.
-- Record the maximum and average received power PRec of the receiving antenna,
and the average forward power PForw of the transmitting antenna. In order to
obtain accurate average data, the noise floor of the instrument measuring PRec
shall be at least 20 dB lower than the maximum received power PRec.
......
| Standard ID | GB/T 33014.11-2023 (GB/T33014.11-2023) | | Description (Translated English) | Road vehicles - Component test methods for electrical/ electronic disturbances fromnarrowband radiated electromagnetic energy - Part 11: Reverberation chamber | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | T36 | | Classification of International Standard | 43.040.10 | | Word Count Estimation | 26,289 | | Date of Issue | 2023-09-07 | | Date of Implementation | 2024-04-01 | | Drafting Organization | China Automotive Technology Research Center Co., Ltd., China Automotive Research Institute New Energy Vehicle Inspection Center (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., Nanjing Rongce Testing Technology Co., Ltd., China Electronics Technology Standardization Institute, Xiangyang Daan Automobile Inspection Center Co., Ltd., Henan Tianhai Electric Co., Ltd. Company, Henan Kairui Vehicle Inspection and Certification Center Co., Ltd., Shanghai Jidu Automobile Co., Ltd., SAIC Volkswagen Co., Ltd., Shanghai Automotive Group Co., Ltd. Technology Center, Changchun Automobile Inspection Center Co., Ltd., China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co., Ltd. , Xiaomi Automotive Technology Co., Ltd., China Automotive Research Institute Automobile Inspection Center (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., China Automotive Research Institute Automobile Inspection Center (Wuhan) Co., Ltd., Nanjing Iveco Automobile Co., Ltd., Dalian Neusoft Zhixing Technology Co., Ltd., Huizhou Desay SV steam | | Administrative Organization | National Automotive Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC 114) | | Proposing organization | Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation, National Standardization Administration |
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