GB/T 29312-2022 (GB/T29312-2022, GBT 29312-2022, GBT29312-2022) & related versions
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Low-voltage reactive power compensation switching component
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Low-voltage reactive power compensation switchgear component
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GB/T 29312-2022: PDF in English (GBT 29312-2022)
GB/T 29312-2012
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 29.120.50
K 31
Low-voltage reactive power compensation switchgear
component
低压无功功率补偿投切装置
ISSUED ON: DECEMBER 31, 2012
IMPLEMENTED ON: JUNE 01, 2013
Issued by: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine of PRC;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative references ... 4
3 Terms and definitions... 5
4 Product categories ... 7
5 Conditions of use ... 7
6 Technical requirements ... 9
7 Test requirements ... 15
8 Inspection rules ... 21
9 Marking, packaging, transportation, storage ... 22
Low-voltage reactive power compensation switchgear
component
1 Scope
This standard specifies terms and definitions, technical and test requirements for low-
voltage reactive power compensation switchgear components.
This standard applies to low-voltage reactive power compensation switchgear
components (hereinafter referred to as switchgear components), which have a rated AC
voltage not exceeding 1000 (or 1140) V and a frequency not exceeding 1000 Hz.
2 Normative references
The following documents are essential to the application of this document. For the dated
documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable to this document;
for the undated documents, only the latest version (including all the amendments) is
applicable to this standard.
GB/T 5169.10 Fire hazard testing for electric and electronic products - Part 10:
Glow/hot-wire based test methods - Glow-wire apparatus and common test
procedure (GB/T 5169.10-2006, IEC 60695-2-10:2000, IDT)
GB/T 5169.11 Fire hazard testing for electric and electronic products - Part 11:
Glowing/hot-wire based test methods - Glow-wire flammability test method for end-
products (GB/T 5169.11-2006, IEC 60695-2-11:2000, IDT)
GB/T 5169.12 Fire hazard testing for electric and electronic products - Part 12:
Glowing/hot-wire based test methods - Glow-wire flammability test method for
materials (GB/T 5169.12-2006, IEC 60695-2-12:2000, IDT)
GB/T 5169.13 Fire hazard testing for electric and electronic products - Part 13:
Glowing/hot-wire based test methods - Glow-wire ignitability test method for
materials
GB 7251.1-2005 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies - Part 1:
Type-tested and partially type-tested assemblies (IEC 60439-1:1999, IDT)
GB/T 10233-2005 Basic testing method for low-voltage switchgear and controlgear
assemblies
GB/T 15576-2008 Low-voltage reactive power compensation assemblies
The lower limit of the ambient air temperature is -5 °C.
5.1.1.2 Ambient air temperature of outdoor switchgear component
The ambient air temperature does not exceed +40 °C; its average temperature does not
exceed +35 °C, in the 24 h period.
The lower limit of the ambient air temperature is -25 °C.
5.1.2 Atmospheric conditions
5.1.2.1 Atmospheric conditions for indoor switchgear components
The air is clean; the relative humidity shall not exceed 50%, when the maximum
temperature is +40 °C. At lower temperatures, greater relative humidity is allowed. For
example: The relative humidity is 90%, at +20 °C. However, it shall be considered that
due to temperature changes, moderate condensation may occasionally occur.
5.1.2.2 Atmospheric conditions for outdoor switchgear components
When the maximum temperature is +25 °C, the relative humidity can be as high as
100%, for a short time.
5.1.3 Pollution level
The switchgear component shall be able to be used in an environment of pollution level
3. Other pollution levels can be considered, based on special applications or micro-
environments.
5.1.4 Altitude
The altitude of the installation site shall not exceed 2000 m.
Note: For use at an altitude higher than 2000 m, it shall consider the reduction of the dielectric
strength and the reduction of the air cooling effect.
5.2 Special conditions of use
5.2.1 If it is used under the conditions of use, that do not meet the requirements of 5.1,
it shall comply with the applicable special requirements standard or a special agreement,
which is signed between the manufacturer and the user.
5.2.2 The manufacturer shall consider that when the switchgear component is used in
the system with harmonics, the working current of the capacitor will increase; when the
harmonic is serious, it may cause the zero-crossing detection error of the switching
actions of the semiconductor electronic switch and the compound switch, thereby
increasing the transient inrush current.
The manufacturer shall consider stating it in the conditions of use; if necessary, sign a
special agreement, between the manufacturer and the user.
5.3 Transportation and storage conditions
If the conditions of transportation and storage are inconsistent with those specified in
5.1, a special agreement shall be signed, between the user and the manufacturer.
Unless otherwise specified, the temperature range between -25 °C and +55 °C is
applicable for transportation and storage. In a short time (not more than 24 h), it can
reach +70 °C.
After the switchgear component has been subjected to the above-mentioned high
temperature, when it is not in operation, it shall not suffer any irreversible damage,
AND shall work normally, under the specified conditions.
6 Technical requirements
6.1 Appearance and structure
6.1.1 The shell of the switchgear component shall have sufficient mechanical strength,
to withstand the mechanical force, that may be encountered during use or handling.
When the shell is made of non-rust-proof metal material, the inner and outer surfaces
of the shell shall be coated. The coating layer shall be uniform and beautiful, with firm
adhesion. When using a non-metallic shell, it shall use the flame-retardant materials.
6.1.2 The metal fasteners or metal supports, which are used in the switchgear
component, shall be properly coated. The coating shall have firm adhesion; there shall
be no peeling or peeling off.
6.1.3 The structural design of the switchgear component shall be beautiful in
appearance, easy to maintain, install and debug. Circuit arrangement, component
selection and structural design shall ensure the anti-interference performance of the
switchgear component.
6.1.4 The fasteners used shall ensure that they will not be loosened or displaced, due to
vibration under normal use conditions.
6.1.5 The insulated wires of the main circuit of the switchgear component shall be
connected to the electrical components, by cold crimping terminals. The coordination
between the cold crimping terminal and the insulated wire AND the quality of the
crimping shall comply with the relevant standards.
6.2 Selection of components and accessories
All independent electrical components and accessories, which are installed in the
6.5.3.1 Test conditions:
Main circuit test voltage: Rated frequency, rated voltage Un ± 5%;
Main circuit's test current (capacitive): Rated current In ± 5%.
6.5.3.2 At the moment when the controlled capacitor of the electromechanical
switchgear component is put into use, the peak inrush current, which is generated in the
capacitor branch, shall be less than 50 times the rated current of the capacitor.
6.5.3.3 When the controlled capacitor of the semiconductor switchgear component and
the compound switchgear component is put into use, the peak value of transient inrush
current, which is generated in the branch circuit of the capacitor, shall be less than 3
times the rated current of the capacitor.
6.5.4 Response time of switchgear component
The time interval, FROM the moment when the component obtains the input control
signal TO the moment when the main circuit of the component is turned on, is the on-
time Ton. The time interval, FROM the moment when the component is cancelled of the
input control signal or obtains the cut-off control signal TO the moment when the main
circuit of the device is cut-off, is the breaking time Toff.
Compound switchgear component: Ton, Toff ≤ 100 ms.
Semiconductor switchgear component: Ton, Toff ≤ 50 ms.
The response time of the electromechanical switchgear component is not specified.
6.5.5 Switching function
6.5.5.1 General
Main circuit's test voltage: (110%Un) ± 5%.
Main circuit's test current (capacitive): (110%In) ± 5%, or (110%Qn) ± 5%.
Note: When the switchgear component is marked with the rated controlled capacity (Qn), the
rated test current shall be the current value, which is corresponding to the rated control capacity
Qn, under the rated voltage Un of the switchgear component (for example: the rated controlled
capacity of the three-phase switchgear component is Qn, the rated voltage is Un, the rated current
).
6.5.5.2 Electromechanical switchgear component
Number of tests: 100;
Power-on time: 1 s ~ 2 s, interval time: ≤ 60 s;
Control power: 50 times at 110% Uk (Ik); 50 times at 85% Uk (Ik).
During the test, there shall be no continuous arcing or contact welding or non-
conduction when connected, or failure to normal disconnection when disconnected.
6.5.5.3 Compound switchgear component
Number of tests: 100;
Power-on time: 1 s ~ 2 s, interval time: ≤ 20 s;
Control power: 50 times at 110% Uk (Ik); 50 times at 85% Uk (Ik).
There shall be no abnormality in switching.
6.5.5.4 Semiconductor switchgear component
Number of tests: 100;
Power-on time: 1 s ~ 2 s, interval time: ≤ 5 s;
Control power: 50 times at 110% Uk (Ik); 50 times at 85% Uk (Ik).
There shall be no abnormality in switching.
6.5.6 Electrical life
6.5.6.1 General
The electrical life can be verified by the manufacturer, as a special test.
The electrical life is expressed, by the number of on-load operations, that can be
endured without repairing and without replacing any parts, under specified conditions.
The number of recommended electric life test is (10000 times): 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1, 3, 5, 10,
30, 50, 100.
6.5.6.2 Test conditions
Operating frequency: It is carried out, according to the operating frequency, which is
determined by the manufacturer;
Main circuit's test voltage: Rated voltage Un ± 5%;
Main circuit's test current (capacitive): Rated current In ± 5%, or rated controlled
capacity Qn ± 5%;
Control power: Rated control power supply Uk (Ik).
7 Test requirements
7.1 General inspection
a) Check whether the switchgear component meets the requirements in 6.1 ~ 6.3;
b) Check whether the installed components meet the requirements of the design
drawings; whether the components are installed correctly and firmly; whether the
symbols and signs of each terminal are consistent with the provisions of the
instruction manual.
7.2 Dielectric performance test
7.2.1 Test content
The test includes the following:
- Verification of insulation resistance;
- Power frequency withstanding voltage test.
Before the test, the devices that consume current (such as coils, measuring components)
AND components that cannot withstand the test voltage, shall be disconnected or
bypassed.
If the main circuit is a power electronic component AND the switchgear component is
completely enclosed and assembled with a shell, which is inconvenient to disconnect
or bypass the relevant components, the manufacturer shall determine whether it is
necessary to carry out a dielectric performance test, during the production process.
7.2.2 Verification of insulation resistance
According to the provisions of 6.4.1, use an insulation measuring instrument, which has
a voltage of at least 500 V, for insulation measurement.
Measurement location:
a) Between phases;
b) Between phase conductors and exposed conductive parts;
c) Between the phase conductor and the ground (shell);
d) Between the control terminal and the ground (shell).
If the requirements of 6.4.1 are met, it passes the test.
7.2.3 Power frequency withstanding voltage test
Apply the test voltage, which is specified in 6.4.2. The test voltage shall be applied to:
a) Between phases;
b) Between phase conductors and exposed conductive parts;
c) Between the phase conductor and the ground (shell);
d) Between the control terminal and the ground (shell).
When the switchgear component adopts a non-metallic shell, the shell shall be wrapped
by metal foil; the test voltage value shall be applied, between the live parts and the
surface of the shell wrapped by metal foil.
The test voltage shall be a sine wave; the frequency is allowed to be between 45 Hz and
62 Hz. During the type test, firstly apply 30% ~ 50% of the specified test voltage, to the
test location; then steadily increase the test voltage to the specified value, within 10 s ~
30 s; keep it for 5 s; then gradually decrease the test voltage to zero. During routine
(exit-factory) inspection, apply the specified test voltage to the test location, for 1 s.
The result shall meet the requirements of 6.4.2.
7.3 Functional inspection
7.3.1 Power-on operation test
Before the test, check that all the wiring of the switchgear component is correct; then
apply the rated voltage, to perform 10 operations, under the condition of not less than
110% of the rated current. Under the conditions of respectively applying the 85% and
110% of rated voltage, whilst the working current is not specified, each is subject to 5
operations; it shall work reliably and comply with the requirements of 6.5.1.
7.3.2 Phase loss protection test
First put the switchgear component's capacitor into operation; disconnect any phase of
the main circuit. If it meets the requirements of 6.5.2, then it passes this test.
7.3.3 Transient inrush current limit test
In the same main circuit's test power supply, the connection, between the main circuit
of the test product and the pre-switching capacitor bank, shall not exceed 2 m. During
the test, it shall pre-switch a capacitor bank, whose capacity is at least 6 times larger
than that of the branch circuit, where the test object is located. When it works stably,
switch in the capacitor, on which the switchgear component is located. The test is
randomly subject to 20 switchings (the electromechanical switchgear component can
also be put into use, at the peak value; the number of tests is not less than 3); the interval
time between each test is not less than 3 min, to detect the transient inrush current value
of the branch capacitor, where the switchgear component is located. Take the maximum
7.4 Verification of temperature rise limit
The temperature rise limit shall be verified, according to the method specified in 8.2.1
of GB7251.1-2005; the results shall meet the requirements of 6.6.
7.5 Anti-interference test
The switchgear component, which is equipped with electronic components or electronic
circuits, shall comply with the provisions of 6.7. During the test, the rated control
voltage shall be applied; the various actions and functions and procedures of the
switchgear component shall be normal.
7.6 Climate environment test
7.6.1 Ambient temperature performance test
It shall evaluate the reliability of the long-term operation of the switchgear component,
under the upper and lower limits of the ambient temperature, which are specified in 5.1.
The volume of the test chamber and its air circulation shall keep the temperature within
the tolerance, within 5 min after the test object is placed.
a) For the indoor type switchgear component, place the test object under the
specified maximum ambient temperature +40 °C ± 3 °C and the minimum
ambient temperature -5 °C ± 3 °C. Then connect the power to the test object. After
the temperature rise of the internal components of the switchgear component
reaches a stable value (but not less than 1 h), check its function, which shall meet
the requirements in 6.5.1.
b) For the outdoor switchgear component, place the test sample under the specified
maximum ambient temperature +40 °C ± 3 °C and the minimum ambient
temperature -25 °C ± 3 °C; then connect the power to the test sample. After the
temperature rise of the internal components of the switchgear component reaches
a stable value (but not less than 1 h), check its function, which shall meet the
requirements in 6.5.1.
7.6.2 Damp heat resistance test (only applicable to outdoor switchgear component)
Verify the moisture resistance of the equipment.
The volume of the test chamber and its air circulation shall keep the temperature within
the tolerance, within 5 min after the test object is placed.
During the test, the switchgear component is neither packaged nor energized.
Place the switchgear component in a test box, which has a temperature of +40 °C ± 2 °C
and a humidity of 93% ± 3%. Store it continuously, for 4 days. Then take it out and
restore it, at the ambient temperature, in the test room.
Visually check whether there are overheating components, loose fasteners, or damaged
insulation;
After 1 h ~ 2 h of recovery, carry out insulation resistance and power frequency
withstanding voltage test, according to the requirements of 7.2. The results shall meet
the requirements of 6.4.
7.7 Vibration (sinusoidal) test
It shall assess the adaptability and the structural integrity of the switchgear component
to withstand vibration.
When installing, mechanically install the sample firmly on the working surface of the
vibration test bench, to ensure that the exciting force is directly transmitted to the body
of the switchgear component.
The test method shall be according to the method, which is specified in 4.12 of GB/T
10233-2005. It shall be sinusoidal vibration. The vibration test adopts the sweep
frequency test method; the sweep frequency test is carried out, in 3 mutually
perpendicular axes, according to the specified conditions. The test sample shall be in a
live working state, during the test.
When the vibration frequency is 10 Hz ~ 57 Hz, the constant displacement method is
adopted; the single amplitude is 0.15 mm. When the vibration frequency is 57 Hz ~ 150
Hz, the constant acceleration method should be adopted, at the acceleration of 20 m/s2.
The reciprocating scanning time is 2 min ~ 2.5 min; the scanning time in each direction
is 10 min.
After the test, the components of the sample shall be free of cracks and obvious
deformation; the fasteners and connectors shall be free of looseness. All functions of
the switchgear component shall be normal, during power-on operation.
7.8 Impact test
The test is carried out, under the unpackaged and non-working state of the product. The
test impact acceleration is 500 m/s2 (50 g) peak acceleration; the pulse duration is 11
ms ± 1 ms. The waveform is half a sine wave. The impact is carried out on at least 3
mutually perpendicular planes, 3 impacts on each plane.
After the test, check the shape and components of the samples; there shall be no cracks
or obvious deformation.
7.9 Verification of insulation material's resistance to abnormal heat generation
and fire
7.9.1 Requirements for test instrument and equipment
A specimen, that meets any of the following requirements, is considered to be able to
withstand the glow-wire test:
- There is no obvious flame and constant light;
- The flame or light of the test sample is extinguished, within 30 s after removing the
glow-wire;
- The silk paper shall not be burned; the pine board shall not be burnt.
8 Inspection rules
8.1 Classification of tests
The test is divided into type test and routine (exit-factory) inspection.
Type test: The type test is a comprehensive verification of the design and manufacture
of the switchgear component.
In one of the following situations, type inspection shall be carried out.
a) When new products are type-finalized;
b) When the product starts mass production;
c) When mass production is over 5 years;
d) When the design, process, main components or materials of the type-finalized
product are changed, which may affect the performance of the product.
The number of prototypes, for the type test, shall not be less than 2. If one of the tests
fails, the type test fails.
After passing the type test, it can be mass-produced.
Routine (exit-factory) inspection: Routine inspection shall be carried out for each
switchgear component; it can only leave the factory, after passing the routine inspection.
8.2 Type test
Type test items include:
a) General inspection (see 7.1);
b) Dielectric properties test (see 7.2);
c) Functional test (see 7.3);
......
| Standard ID | GB/T 29312-2022 (GB/T29312-2022) | | Description (Translated English) | Low-voltage reactive power compensation switching component | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | K31 | | Classification of International Standard | 29.120.50 | | Word Count Estimation | 24,229 | | Date of Issue | 2022-10-12 | | Date of Implementation | 2023-05-01 | | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB/T 29312-2012 | | Drafting Organization | Tianjin Electric Science Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing Electrical Technology and Economic Research Institute of Machinery Industry, Tianjin Tianchuan Electric Control Equipment Testing Co., Ltd., Zhejiang High and Low Voltage Electrical Products Quality Inspection Center, Zhejiang Sanchen Electric Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Power Technology Co., Ltd. Company, Ningxia Licheng Electric Group Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Tianzheng Electric Co., Ltd., Zhebao Electric (Hangzhou) Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing Huasheng Electric Co., Ltd., Shanghai Nankong Communication Electrical Equipment Co., Ltd., Langfang InBev Electric Co., Ltd., Sheng Long Electric Group Co., Ltd., Vesker Co., Ltd., Shanghai Huajian Switch Co., Ltd., Xiangjiang Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai Youbang Electric (Group) Co., Ltd., Zhenjiang Galle Smart Power Technology Co., Ltd., Hunan Electric Science Research Academy Limited | | Administrative Organization | National Low-voltage Switchgear and Control Equipment Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC 266) | | Proposing organization | China Electrical Equipment Industry Association | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation, National Standardization Management Committee |
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