GB/T 28046.2-2019 (GB/T28046.2-2019, GBT 28046.2-2019, GBT28046.2-2019) & related versions
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Road vehicles -- Environmental conditions and testing for electrical and electronic equipment -- Part 2: Electrical loads
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GB/T 28046.2-2019
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.040.10
T 36
Replacing GB/T 28046.2-2011
Road vehicles - Environmental conditions and testing
for electrical and electronic equipment - Part 2:
Electrical loads
(ISO 16750-2:2012, MOD)
ISSUED ON: OCTOBER 18, 2019
IMPLEMENTED ON: MAY 01, 2020
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 7
2 Normative references ... 7
3 Terms and definitions ... 7
4 Tests and requirements ... 8
4.1 General ... 8
4.2 Direct current supply voltage range ... 8
4.3 Overvoltage ... 9
4.4 Superimposed alternating voltage ... 10
4.5 Slow decrease and increase of supply voltage ... 12
4.6 Transient changes in supply voltage ... 13
4.7 Reversed voltage ... 21
4.8 Ground reference and supply offset ... 21
4.9 Open circuit ... 22
4.10 Short circuit protection ... 23
4.11 Withstand voltage ... 24
4.12 Insulation resistance ... 25
Annex A (Informative) Origin of load dump in vehicle electrical systems ... 26
Annex B (Normative) Test load dump pulse generator verification ... 27
Annex C (Informative) Flammability test of plastic materials for parts in devices
and appliances ... 28
Bibliography ... 34
Road vehicles - Environmental conditions and testing
for electrical and electronic equipment - Part 2:
Electrical loads
1 Scope
This Part of GB/T 28046 describes the electrical environmental loads of
electrical and electronic equipment on the vehicles and specifies the tests and
requirements.
This Part applies to type M, N, O automotive electrical and electronic
systems/components. Type L vehicle systems/components may refer to it.
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For the dated references, only the editions with the dates indicated are
applicable to this document. For the undated references, the latest edition
(including all the amendments) are applicable to this document.
GB/T 28046.1 Road vehicles - Environmental conditions and testing for
electrical and electronic equipment - Part 1: General (GB/T 28046.1-2011,
ISO 16750-1:2006, MOD)
GB/T 28046.4-2011 Road vehicles - Environmental conditions and testing for
electrical and electronic equipment - Part 4: Climatic loads (ISO 16750-
4:2006, MOD)
GB/T 31465 (all parts) Road vehicles - Fuse-link [ISO 8820 (all parts)]
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T
28046.1 apply.
The functional status shall be minimum class D. Functional status shall be class
B where more stringent requirements are necessary.
4.3.2 24 V system
4.3.2.1 Purpose
SIMULATE the condition where the generator regulator fails, so that the output
voltage of the generator rises above normal values.
4.3.2.2 Test at Tmax - 20 °C
HEAT the DUT in a hot air oven to a temperature of Tmax - 20 °C. Apply a voltage
of 36 V for 60 min to valid inputs of the DUT.
4.3.2.3 Requirement
The functional status shall be minimum class C. Functional status shall be class
A where more stringent requirements are necessary.
4.4 Superimposed alternating voltage
4.4.1 Purpose
SIMULATE the ripple voltage which occurs under d.c. supply.
4.4.2 Test
Connect the DUT as shown in Figure 1; TEST the valid inputs of the DUT
according to the following regulations. Severity level 1, 2, 3, or 4 may be
selected according to actual needs. The test conditions are as follows:
- Maximum supply voltage US max (see Figure 2): 16 V (for 12 V system); 32
V (for 24 V system);
- Alternating current voltage (sinusoidal):
Severity 1: Upp=1 V (for 12 V and 24 V systems);
Severity 2: Upp=4 V (for 12 V and 24 V systems);
Severity 3: Upp=10 V (only for 24 V system);
Severity 4: Upp=2 V (only for 12 V system).
- Internal resistance of power supply: 50 mΩ~100 mΩ;
- Frequency range (see Figure 3): 50 Hz~25 kHz;
If there are two or more power supply paths for the DUT, this test is used to
verify the reliable operation of the component. For example, components with
different reference points for power ground and signal ground need to be tested.
Note: This test may be determined by negotiation between the supplier and the purchaser.
4.8.2 Test
All inputs and outputs shall simulate a real vehicle. Connect a typical load or
network; apply a voltage UA (see GB/T 28046.1) to the DUT to make it work
normally.
The ground/supply offset test applies to ground/supply lines. The offset shall be
applied to each ground/supply line and between each ground/supply line
separately in sequence. For all DUTs, the offset voltage shall be (1.0±0.1)V. The
test sequence is as follows:
a) Apply UA to the DUT.
b) Apply the offset voltage to the DUT ground/supply line.
c) Perform a functional test under the above condition.
d) Repeat step c) for each next ground/supply line combination.
Repeat the test with reverse offset voltage.
4.8.3 Requirement
All functional status shall be class A.
4.9 Open circuit
4.9.1 Single line interruption
4.9.1.1 Purpose
Verify the performance of the DUT when a line is disconnected.
4.9.1.2 Test
Connect and operate the DUT as intended. Open one circuit of the DUT/system
interface, then restore the connection. Observe the device behaviour during
and after the interruption. Repeat for each circuit of the DUT/system interface.
The test conditions are as follows:
- Interruption time: (10±1)s.
1) outputs active;
2) outputs inactive;
b) disconnected supply voltage.
4.10.2.2 Requirement
The functional status shall be class C.
4.10.3 Load circuits
4.10.3.1 Test
Connect the DUT to the power supply. The load circuits shall be in operation.
For test duration, the specifications of the appropriate part of GB/T 31465
(operating time rating) shall be used, considering the upper tolerance plus 10 %.
If protection other than fuses is used (e.g. electronic protection), the test
duration shall be agreed between supplier and purchaser.
4.10.3.2 Requirements
All electronically protected outputs shall be able to withstand the short circuit
current and shall return to normal operation upon removal of the short circuit
current (the functional status shall be minimum class C).
All conventional fuse protected outputs shall be able to withstand the short
circuit current and shall return to normal operation upon replacement of the
conventional fuse (the functional status shall be minimum class D).
All unprotected outputs may be damaged by the test current (the functional
status shall be class E) provided that the materials in the DUT are compliant
with the flammability test of UL 94 (see Annex C).
4.11 Withstand voltage
4.11.1 Purpose
Verify the dielectric insulation withstand voltage capability of the DUT. This test
is required only for systems/components which contain inductive elements (e.g.
relays, motors, coils) or are connected to circuits with inductive load.
The leakage current generated by high voltage through the electric field
between electrically isolated components may affect the insulation performance.
This test stresses the insulation system and checks the ability of the dielectric
material to withstand a higher voltage caused by switching off inductive loads.
Annex C
(Informative)
Flammability test of plastic materials for parts in devices and
appliances1)
C.1 Explanation of special terms
Some of the terms used in this annex are explained below:
After-flame: The flame remaining on the test material after the fire source is
removed.
After-flame time: The time for which the flame remains on the test material
under the specified conditions after the fire source is removed.
After-glow: The state in which the test material glows after the flame has
gone out or there is no flame after the fire source is removed.
After-glow time: The duration of the After-glow on the test material under the
specified test conditions after the fire source is removed/the flame is stopped.
C.2 Significance of the test
C.2.1 The test materials are subjected to prescribed tests to provide the
following information: compare the combustion characteristics of different test
materials; or before use, evaluate all changes in their combustion
characteristics. This test method does not provide the characteristics of the test
material under the relevant working conditions.
C.2.2 Assessing the risks caused by combustion needs to consider the effects
caused by the fuel, the intensity of the combustion (the rate of heat release),
the environmental consequences of the intensity of the products and sources
of combustion, the direction of material exposure, and the conditions of air
circulation.
C.2.3 The test process is used to determine the combustion characteristics. The
influencing factors are density, color, material heterogeneity due to forming
conditions, and sample thickness.
C.2.4 When the thin material sample taken from the flat plate does not shrink
1) This annex has been prepared with reference to UL 94.
samples are put into the test. In this case, the total After-flame time (t1+t2) range
of the 5 samples for V-0 is 51 s~55 s and is 251 s~255 s for V-1 and V-2. If the
total time of all samples in a group meets the corresponding requirements, the
test material of this thickness is determined as V-0, V-1, or V-2.
C.5.2 Test samples
C.5.2.1 All samples shall be cut into strip-shaped materials, or cast or
compressed, extruded, converted, or laminated to the required shape. After
cutting, it shall pay attention to remove all dust and particles on the surface.
The edges and end faces shall be rounded.
C.5.2.2 In the minimum and maximum thickness range, the standard sample
strip is 125 mm±5 mm in length and 13.0 mm±0.5 mm in width. The maximum
thickness does not exceed 13 mm. When the test results of the minimum and
maximum thickness samples are not consistent, the test is performed on the
intermediate-thickness sample. The increment of the intermediate-thickness
sample shall not exceed 3.2 mm. Similarly, the corners need to be rounded; the
radius does not exceed 1.3 mm.
C.5.2.3 Test material scope: If the material needs to consider color, density,
melting flow or enhancement, these samples shall be provided.
C.5.2.4 If the test results are essentially the same, most of the samples usually
provided can be dark and light, deep dark, and in representative colors. In
addition, a set of samples of deep color combinations is required, unless most
of the dark light and deep dark colors have been included. When some known
colors (such as red, yellow, or similar colors) affect the combustion
characteristics, samples are required.
C.5.2.5 If the test results are consistent in nature, the samples provided shall
be representative, including extreme (lowest and highest end) density, melting
flow and enhancement samples. If the scope of samples provided is essentially
different in the combustion characteristics, only a limited evaluation of the
density, melting flow and enhancement parts can be performed; or the samples
of intermediate density, melting flow and enhancement parts can be increased
for testing.
C.5.3 Conditions
C.5.3.1 5 samples in each group. A total of 2 groups of samples are pretreated
according to the requirements of C.4.1.
C.5.3.2 5 samples in each group. A total of 2 groups of samples are pretreated
according to the requirements of C.4.2. As an alternative, pre-treatment for
industrial laminated products at 125 °C±1 °C for 24 h is chosen.
......
GB/T 28046.2–2011
ICS 43.040.10
T 36
NATIONAL STANDARD GB
OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Road vehicles - Environmental conditions and testing for
electrical and electronic equipment –
Part 2. Electrical loads
(ISO 16750-2. 2006, MOD)
ISSUED ON. OCTOBER 31, 2011
IMPLEMENTED ON. FEBRUARY 01, 2012
Issued by. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative references ... 5
3 Terms and definitions ... 5
4 Tests and requirements ... 6
Annex A (Informative) UL 94flammability test of the plastic material in the
components of instrument and appliance ... 22
Foreword
GB/T 28046 Road vehicles - Environmental conditions and testing for electrical and
electronic equipment consists of five parts.
— Part 1. General;
— Part 2. Electrical loads;
— Part 3. Mechanical loads;
— Part 4. Climatic loads;
— Part 5. Chemical loads.
This is Part 2 of GB/T 28046.
This Part is drafted by rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This Part is formulated according to redrafting method and revision of ISO 16750-2. 2006
Road vehicles — Environmental conditions and testing for electrical and electronic
equipment — Part 2. Electrical loads.
Technical differences and reasons between this Part and ISO 16750-2. 2006 are as
follows.
— Quoted documents is added with UL 94 used in main body;
— Add the Appendix A (informative annex), and provide relevant information quoting
from UL 94, so as to be convenient for understanding and implementing standards;
— This Part does not include electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), so the instructions
about EMC and the document in 4.13 and Chapter 5 are deleted;
— This Part does not include EMC, so the EMC standards catalogue listed in Appendix
A of the source text are deleted;
— Referring to standard 42 V, minimum supply voltage in Figure 6 is appended with "%",
so as more relevant to its meaning.
Corresponding to ISO 16750-2. 2006, editorial change of this Part is as follows.
— Deleted the FOREWORD of International Standard.
This Part is proposed by National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC).
This Part is under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee (SAC/TC 114) on Road
Vehicles of Standardization Administration of China.
The responsible drafting organizations. Chinese Automotive Technology & Research
Centre, Shenzhen Hangsheng Electronics Co., Ltd, Suzhou Taisite Electronic Science
And Technology Co., Ltd, Changsha Auto Electric Parts Research Centre, Shanghai
Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, Commercial Vehicle technical Center, Dong
Feng Motor Co., Ltd, Shanghai Kostal-Huayang Automotive Electric Co., Ltd, and
Zhengzhou Yuebo Automotive Electric Co., Ltd.
The chief drafting staffs of this Part. Xu Xiuxiang, Wang Xibin, Sun Chengming, Hu
Mengjiao, Lu Zhaoming, He Yujun, Li He, Ma Liming, and Xin Long.
Road vehicles - Environmental conditions and testing
for electrical and electronic equipment –
Part 2. Electrical loads
1 Scope
This Part describes the potential environmental loads, and specifies tests and
requirements for the specific mounting location on/in the road vehicle.
This Part applies to electrical and electronic systems/components for road vehicles.
NOTE. Electrical loads are independent from the mounting location, but may vary due to the electrical
resistance in the vehicle wiring harness and connection system.
2 Normative references
The articles contained in the following documents become part of this Part when they are
quoted herein. For the dated documents so quoted, all the modifications (Including all
corrections) or revisions made thereafter shall be applicable to this Part.
GB/T 28046.1 Road vehicles - Environmental conditions and testing for electrical and
electronic equipment - Part 1. General (GB/T 28046.1-2011, ISO 16750-1.2006, MOD)
GB/T 28046.4 Road vehicles - Environmental conditions and testing for electrical and
electronic equipment - Part 4. Climatic loads (GB/T 28046.4-2011, ISO 16750-4.2006,
MOD)
ISO 8820 Road vehicles – Fuse - links
UL 94 Test for Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 28046.1 apply.
This test shall be agreed between customer and supplier.
This test serves to verify reliable operation of a component if two or more power supply
paths exist. For instance, the reference point of a component’s power ground and its
signal ground may be not consistent.
4.8.2 Test
All inputs and outputs shall be connected to typical loads or networks to simulate the
in-vehicle configuration. Apply UA to the DUT and confirm normal operation.
The ground/power shift test applies to ground/supply lines. Power shift shall be applied to
each ground/supply line and between each ground/supply line separately in sequence.
For all DUTs, the shift voltage shall be 1.0 V.
a) Apply UA to the DUT.
b) For ground/supply line of DUT, perform ground/supply line voltage shift.
c) Perform a functional test under this condition.
d) Repeat c) for each ground/supply combination.
Repeat above tests for reverse shift voltage.
4.8.3 Requirements
Functional performance status class A as defined in GB/T 28046.1 for all functional groups.
there shall be no malfunction or latch-up of the DUT.
4.9 Open circuit tests
4.9.1 Single line interruption
4.9.1.1 Purpose
This test simulates an open contact condition.
NOTE This is not a test for connectors.
4.9.1.2 Test
products and the environmental consequences of the intensity of the resource of
combustion, the source material’s exposed direction and the air flow conditions.
A.2.3 Determine the combustion characteristics with the test procedure, influencing
factors are. density, color, material heterogeneity forming by formation conditions and the
thickness of samples.
A.2.4 When the material taken from the thin material samples of flat plate shrinks not
because of ignition, the result shall be invalid and other test sample shall be added. If all
the samples taken from the plate do not shrink because of the fire, it is not suitable for the
assessment using the test procedure; we should carry out an alternative test procedure.
A.3 Testing equipment (UL 94 5;5.1, 5.2, 5.5-5.8, 5.10, 5.12-5.15 and 5.20-5.21)
A.3.1 Ventilation test chamber. the test chamber shall have the interior space of at
least 0.5m3. The test chamber should be designed with observation windows, and air can
flow during the combustion. For safety and ease of use, the exhaust hood should have
ventilation (should be completely closed), such as exhaust fans, so the combustion can be
exhausted. Ventilation devices shall be closed during the test and restarted after the
completion of the test.
Note. Adequate oxygen shall be maintained during the burning test. When burning time
is delayed and the dimension of the test chamber becomes less than 1m3, correct test
results would be unavailable.
A.3.2 Test burner. Laboratory type burner (Bunsen burner) has the lamp length of
(100 ± 10) mm; inlet diameter of (9.5 ± 0.3) mm. The lamp is adjustable instead of having
been fixed on the device beforehand. Burners shall conform to the requirements of ASTM
D5025.
A.3.3 Rotary support. Clamp or fix the sample and / or screen mesh to the device
horizontally or vertically. Rotary support can adjust the angle and height or be supported
by aluminum or steel structures on the device.
A.3.4 Timing device. Correct to 0.5s
......
| Standard ID | GB/T 28046.2-2019 (GB/T28046.2-2019) | | Description (Translated English) | Road vehicles -- Environmental conditions and testing for electrical and electronic equipment -- Part 2: Electrical loads | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | T36 | | Classification of International Standard | 43.040.10 | | Word Count Estimation | 26,233 | | Date of Issue | 2019-10-18 | | Date of Implementation | 2020-05-01 | | Drafting Organization | China Automotive Technology and Research Center Co., Ltd., Beijing Aodeke Automotive Electronics Testing Co., Ltd., Suzhou Test Electronic Technology Co., Ltd., Institute of Electronic Industry Standardization, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Zhengzhou Yuebo Automotive Electric Co., Ltd., United Automotive Electronics Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Xintongda Electronic Technology Co., Ltd., National Auto Parts Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center (Wuhu), Shanghai Electrical Apparatus Research Institute (Group) Co., Ltd., the Fifth Electronics Research Institute of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ningbo Hua Testing Technology Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou Yutong Bus Co., Ltd., Hefei Bangli Electronics Co., Ltd., Zhuhai Fudian Technology Co., Ltd. | | Administrative Organization | National Automotive Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC 114) | | Proposing organization | Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation, China National Standardization Administration | | Standard ID | GB/T 28046.2-2011 (GB/T28046.2-2011) | | Description (Translated English) | Road vehicles - Environmental conditions and testing for electrical and electronic equipment - Part 2: Electrical loads | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | T36 | | Classification of International Standard | 43.040.10 | | Word Count Estimation | 19,175 | | Date of Issue | 2011-10-31 | | Date of Implementation | 2012-02-01 | | Quoted Standard | GB/T 28046.1; GB/T 28046.4; ISO 8820; UL 94 | | Adopted Standard | ISO 16750.2-2006, MOD | | Drafting Organization | China Automotive Technology and Research Center | | Administrative Organization | National Automotive Standardization Technical Committee | | Regulation (derived from) | Announcement of Newly Approved National Standards No. 15 of 2011 | | Proposing organization | National Development and Reform Commission | | Issuing agency(ies) | General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, China National Standardization Administration Committee | | Summary | This standard specifies the installation on the vehicle/specific location within the system/component may be an electrical environmental load, and the provisions and requirements of the test. This section applies to automotive electrical and electronic systems/components. |
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