GB/T 24549-2020 (GB/T24549-2020, GBT 24549-2020, GBT24549-2020) & related versions
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Fuel cell electric vehicles -- Safety requirements
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GB/T 24549-2020
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.020
T 09
Replacing GB/T 24549-2009
Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles - Safety Requirements
ISSUED ON: SEPTEMBER 29, 2020
IMPLEMENTED ON: APRIL 01, 2021
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative References ... 4
3 Terms and Definitions ... 4
4 Safety Requirements ... 5
5 Manual Requirements ... 8
Appendix A (Normative) Hydrogen Leakage Test Procedure in Enclosed
Space ... 10
Appendix B (Normative) Functional Verification of Hydrogen Leak Alarm
Device ... 12
Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles - Safety Requirements
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the safety and manual requirements for fuel cell electric
vehicles, key systems, etc.
This Standard is applicable to fuel cell electric vehicles using compressed gaseous
hydrogen.
2 Normative References
The following documents are essential to the application of this document. For the
dated documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable to this
document; for the undated documents, only the latest version (including all the
amendments) is applicable to this document.
GB 18384-2020 Electric Vehicles Safety Requirements
GB/T 24548 Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles - Terminology
GB/T 37154-2018 Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles - Test Methods of Hydrogen Emission
GB/T 38117-2019 Electric Vehicles Product Description - Emergency Rescue
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purpose of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 24548 and
the following apply.
3.1 Main shut off valve
A valve that is used to shut off the downstream supply of hydrogen from a compressed
hydrogen storage system.
3.2 Pressure relief device; PRD
A device that operates under certain conditions and can discharge the hydrogen in the
compressed hydrogen storage system to prevent system failure.
3.3 Thermally-activated pressure relief device; TPRD
4.1.2.1.4 When the hydrogen volume concentration in an enclosed or semi-enclosed
space reaches or exceeds 2.0% ± 1.0%, a warning shall be issued.
4.1.2.1.5 When the hydrogen volume concentration in an enclosed or semi-enclosed
space reaches or exceeds 3.0% ± 1.0%, the hydrogen supply shall be automatically
shut off immediately. If the vehicle is equipped with multiple hydrogen storage cylinders,
it is allowed to shut off only the hydrogen supply with the leaked hydrogen part.
4.1.2.1.6 When the hydrogen leak detection sensor fails, such as signal interruption,
open circuit, short circuit, etc., it shall be able to send a fault warning signal to the driver.
4.1.2.2 Requirements outside the vehicle
For Type-M1 vehicles, the hydrogen leakage test shall be carried out in an enclosed
space in accordance with Appendix A; and the hydrogen volume concentration
measured at any time shall not exceed 1%.
4.1.3 Reminder of low hydrogen remaining amount
The meter indicating the hydrogen pressure or the remaining amount of hydrogen in
the hydrogen storage tank shall be installed in an area that is easy for the driver to
observe. If the pressure or remaining amount of hydrogen affects the driving of the
vehicle, an obvious signal (for example: sound or light signal) device shall issue the
prompt to the driver.
4.1.4 Electrical safety requirements
The electrical safety of fuel cell electric vehicles shall comply with the provisions of GB
18384-2020.
4.2 Requirements for system safety
4.2.1 Requirements for hydrogen storage cylinders and pipelines
4.2.1.1 Requirements for installation location
Pipeline joints shall not be located in a completely enclosed space. In general,
hydrogen storage cylinders and pipelines shall not be installed in the passenger
compartment, luggage compartment or other poorly ventilated places; but if it is
unavoidable to install them in the luggage compartment or other poorly ventilated
places, corresponding measures shall be taken to discharge the hydrogen that may
leak in time. The hydrogen storage cylinder shall avoid direct exposure to sunlight.
4.2.1.2 Requirements for thermal insulation
The hydrogen storage cylinders and pipelines that may be affected by heat sources
such as exhaust pipes and mufflers, etc. shall be protected by thermal insulation.
specific operation, fuel and safety features of the vehicle. The manual includes at least
the following:
a) Automobile safety operating procedures, including operating environment;
b) Precautions for fuel, coolant and other materials stored and used in the
automobile;
c) The requirements for parking lots of fuel cell electric vehicles shall be explained;
d) Fuel filling procedures and safety equipment precautions;
e) Explain the maintenance of important parts related to power batteries, fuel cell
stacks, hydrogen storage cylinders, etc.;
f) Roadside emergency rescue information;
g) Explain how to deal with emergencies;
h) Explain whether there are places unsuitable for driving.
5.2 Service manual
Fuel cell electric vehicle manufacturers shall compile information related to vehicle
repair and maintenance. It should include at least the following:
a) Description of the user's automobile repair site;
b) The chemical and physical properties of hazardous materials used in
automobiles;
c) The hazards that may occur to the automobile or system during maintenance;
d) First aid procedures unique to the automobile when a certain danger occurs;
e) Maintenance tools, equipment and personal protective equipment;
f) Methods and procedures for special maintenance work;
g) List of necessary maintenance items and maintenance cycles;
h) Procedures for replacing fuel from fuel cell electric vehicles;
i) Precautions for professional operators to replace parts or release fuel.
5.3 Others
The fuel cell electric vehicle manual shall meet the requirements of 5.1 and 5.2, and
shall also meet the requirements of GB/T 38117-2019.
......
GB/T 24549-2009
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.020
T 09
Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles –
Safety Requirements
ISSUED ON. OCTOBER 30, 2009
IMPLEMENTED ON. JULY 1, 2010
Issued by. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative References ... 4
3 Terms and Definitions ... 4
4 Safety Requirements ... 5
5 Utilization and Maintenance Requirements of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles 11
Foreword
This Standard was proposed by National Development and Reform Commission.
This Standard shall be under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee of Auto
Standardization.
Drafting organizations of this Standard. China Automotive Technology & Research
Center, SAIC Motor Corporation Limited, and Tongji University.
Chief drafting staffs of this Standard. He Yuntang, Feng Lizhong, Zhang Jingwei, Hou
Yongping, Ren Jiliang, and Fang Yan.
Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles –
Safety Requirements
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the safety requirements for the unique fuel system, fuel cell
system power circuit system, function, fault protection, collision and others of fuel cell
electric vehicles.
This Standard is applicable to the gaseous hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles.
2 Normative References
The provisions in following documents become the provisions of this Standard through
reference in this Standard. For dated references, the subsequent amendments
(excluding corrigendum) or revisions do not apply to this Standard, however, parties
who reach an agreement based on this Standard are encouraged to study if the latest
versions of these documents are applicable. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document applies.
GB 4208 Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosure (IP code) (GB 4208-2008,
ISO 60529.2001, IDT)
GB/T 18384.3-2001 Electric Vehicles - Safety Specification - Part 3. Protection of
Persons against Electric Hazards (eqv ISO/DIS 6469-3.2000)
GB/T 24548 Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles - Terminology
3 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions, and those defined in GB/T 24548 are applicable
to this Standard.
3.1 Lower flammability limit. LFL
It indicates the minimum volume concentration for combustible gases’ combustion in
the air.
Note. low flammability limit of hydrogen is 4%.
4 Safety Requirements
4.1 General
Fuel cell electric vehicles shall conform to the relevant national mandatory standards
for motor vehicles (except collision requirements) and the safety requirements of
electric vehicles.
Fuel cell electric vehicles’ unique safety features shall conform to the provisions in
Clause 4.2 ~ Clause 4.6.
The entire fuel cell electric vehicles’ exterior shall be obviously marked with vehicle
type and alarm sign.
4.2 Safety requirements of fuel system
4.2.1 Component installation and protection
All fuel system’s components and connecting pipelines shall be installed firmly to
avoid being damaged due to vehicle vibration, leakage and other faults.
All fuel system’s components shall take proper protective measures, and shall not be
placed on the outermost edge of the vehicle expect the Pressure Relief Device (PRD)
and exhaust duct.
The outlet that may emit or leak hydrogen shall be kept away from the apparatus that
may generate sparks and high-heat.
4.2.2 Fueling
Vehicle’s fuel system shall be equipped with the function to cut off the fuel supply
towards the fuel cell system during the fueling period.
Fuel-fill port shall be equipped with the anti-dust cover to prevent the dust, liquid and
contaminant from entering.
Fuel-fill port shall be equipped with the measures to eliminate the static electricity of
vehicle.
Fuel-fill port can bear the 670N load from any direction, and shall not influence the air
tightness of fuel system.
4.2.3 Hydrogen storage and supply
4.2.3.1 Hydrogen storage vessel
Hydrogen storage tank shall take the vehicle-use hydrogen storage pressure vessel
that conforms to the relevant national standard; while there is national standard, then
relevant standard can be referred to implement.
Hydrogen storage system shall be equipped with the sensor reflecting the
temperature in hydrogen storage tank, which reflect the gas temperature inside the
tank.
The manufacture materials of pipeline, channel and entrance connecting to PRD shall
use the metal materials with melting point higher than 538°C (1000°F).
4.2.4.4 Fuel discharging device
To maintain the fuel device or for other purposes, the fuel discharging method from
the vehicle shall be specified.
4.3 Fuel cell stack / system safety requirement
4.3.1 General
Fuel cell system shall be equipped with fault protection device, which shall prevent the
fault to cause failure of valve and pipeline, and further cause fuel leakage. When it
leaks, the detector shall detect it, meanwhile provide relevant hints to the
driver/passenger, and take corresponding security measures, such as cutting off gas
and power supply.
4.3.2 Leakage
In any case, the hydrogen concentration caused by accumulating and leaking outside
of the fuel cell system shall not exceed 75%LFL.
4.3.3 Leakage detection
Hydrogen leakage detector shall be equipped properly in the places where the
leakage may occur.
In each cabin, sufficient number of detectors shall be installed in the place where the
hydrogen easily accumulates; generally, it is at local highest point and the poorly
ventilated place.
4.3.4 Safety measures
Vehicle shall have the safety measures that are linked to the hydrogen concentration
detector.
Before the hydrogen accumulation concentration reaches 50%LFL, sound alarm
device or emergency display hint, and other methods can be used to remind the driver
or vehicle user; when hydrogen accumulation concentration reaches 75%LFL,
automatically cut off the hydrogen source and power supply etc.
4.3.5 Grounding
Conductor housing of the fuel cell system components shall be connected to the
electrical platform to ensure that when hydrogen leaks, it will not ignite due to static
electricity.
4.4 Safety requirements of power circuit system
4.4.1 Circuit voltage level
As per the maximum operating voltage U of circuit to classify the different voltage
levels, Refer to Table 1.
4.4.3.1.6 After open the hood, components connecting with system shall have
IPXXB protection level.
Note. IPXXB and IPXXD protection levels respectively indicate the contact with hazardous
components through articulated test finger and test line.
4.4.3.2 Avoid indirect contact with exposed conductive power system
components
There is no requirement for Level-A voltage power circuit system.
Level-B voltage power circuit system shall conform to the following requirements.
a) All electrical design and installation shall avoid insulation failure;
b) Insulation method shall be adopted to prevent indirect contact; the exposed
conductive parts of electric vehicle are coupled together to achieve potential
equalization.
4.4.3.3 Insulation resistance
If protection is provided by insulation, live parts of electrical system shall be fully
wrapped by insulation layer. Such insulation layer can only be removed when
damaged. Insulation materials shall conform to the requirements of corresponding
standards.
As for fuel cell electric vehicle, insulation shall be maintained among each circuit,
electrical platform and other circuit; the insulation resistance is required to conform to
the provision of Clause 6.2.2 in GB/T 18384.3-2001.
4.5 Function safety requirements
4.5.1 Main switch
4.5.1.1 General requirements
Main switch shall have the function that the operator can cut off power source and fuel
supply, and is convenient to the driver’s operation.
4.5.1.2 Fuel cell power system, power connecting/closing procedures
As for the power connection procedure of fuel cell electric vehicles, two different
actions shall be passed at least to complete the transition from power closure state to
the driving state. While once one action is required to realize the transition from
driving state to the cutting off power state.
Vehicle shall, through continuous or intermittent indications, remind the driver that fuel
cell power system is in the drivable state.
vehicle shall alarm the driver. If the fault isn’t eliminated during the specified time,
even if the main switch isn’t disconnected, the vehicle shall automatically cut off fuel
power and power supply.
4.6.4 Vehicle running
If there is alarm signals during the vehicle running period, the vehicle shall alarm the
driver instantly. As for some faults, they are required to cut off high-voltage or traction
power supply and/or fuel.
4.6.5 Collision response
If sensor detects the vehicle occurring collision, it shall automatically cut off power
supply and fuel supply.
5 Utilization and Maintenance Requirements of Fuel
Cell Electric Vehicles
5.1 User manual
Fuel cell electric vehicle’s manufacturer shall provide user manual indicating the
vehicle’s unique operation, fuel and safety features. The manual shall contain the
following contents at least.
--- Vehicle safety operation procedure, including operation environment;
--- Precautions about ...
......
| Standard ID | GB/T 24549-2020 (GB/T24549-2020) | | Description (Translated English) | Fuel cell electric vehicles -- Safety requirements | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | T09 | | Classification of International Standard | 43.020 | | Word Count Estimation | 10,151 | | Date of Issue | 2020-09-29 | | Date of Implementation | 2021-04-01 | | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB/T 24549-2009 | | Drafting Organization | China Automotive Technology and Research Center Co., Ltd., Tongji University, Shanghai Jie Hydrogen Technology Co., Ltd., SAIC Chase Automobile Co., Ltd., Shanghai Remodeling Energy Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai Automotive Group Co., Ltd., Xiangyang Daan Automobile Testing Center Co., Ltd., Zhejiang University , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Weishi Energy Technology Co., Ltd., China FAW Group Co., Ltd. | | Administrative Organization | National Automotive Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC 114) | | Regulation (derived from) | National Standard Announcement No. 20 of 2020 | | Proposing organization | Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation, National Standardization Administration | | Standard ID | GB/T 24549-2009 (GB/T24549-2009) | | Description (Translated English) | Fuel cell electric vehicles. safety requirements | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | T09 | | Classification of International Standard | 43.020 | | Word Count Estimation | 8,859 | | Date of Issue | 2009-10-30 | | Date of Implementation | 2010-07-01 | | Quoted Standard | GB 4208; GB/T 18384.3-2001; GB/T 24548 | | Drafting Organization | China Automotive Technology and Research Center | | Administrative Organization | National Automotive Standardization Technical Committee | | Regulation (derived from) | National Standard Approval Announcement 2009 No.12 (Total No.152) | | Proposing organization | National Development and Reform Commission | | Issuing agency(ies) | Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of People's Republic of China; Standardization Administration of China | | Summary | This standard specifies the unique fuel cell electric vehicle fuel systems, safety requirements fault protection and other aspects of the collision, fuel cell system, power circuitry, function. This standard applies to the use of gaseous hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles. | | Standard ID | () | | Description (Translated English) | (Technical specifications for ceramic capacitive sensor type partial discharge monitoring devices of 35kV and below) | | Sector / Industry | Chinese Industry Standard | | Date of Issue | 2023-10-11 | | Date of Implementation | 2024-04-11 | | Issuing agency(ies) | National Energy Board |
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