GB/T 19233-2020 (GB/T19233-2020, GBT 19233-2020, GBT19233-2020) & related versions
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GB/T 19233-2020: PDF in English (GBT 19233-2020)
GB/T 19233-2020
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.020
T 40
Replacing GB/T 19233-2008
Measurement Methods of Fuel Consumption for Light-
duty Vehicles
ISSUED ON: JUNE 2, 2020
IMPLEMENTED ON: JANUARY 1, 2021
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of
China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 6
2 Normative References ... 6
3 Terms and Definitions ... 6
4 General Requirements ... 7
5 Test Conditions ... 7
6 Measurement of CO2, CO and HC Emissions ... 9
7 Calculation of Fuel Consumption ... 10
8 Production Conformity ... 13
9 Approval Extension ... 18
10 Test Lineage ... 19
Appendix A (informative) Measurement Method of Fuel Consumption in Low-
temperature Environment ... 21
Appendix B (informative) Measurement Method of Fuel Consumption when Air-
conditioning is Turned on ... 25
Appendix C (informative) Measurement Method of Fuel Consumption in High-
altitude Environment ... 30
Appendix D (informative) Fuel Consumption Calculation Formulas of Vehicles
of Other Fuel Types ... 33
Appendix E (normative) Type Test Result Report ... 37
Bibliography ... 42
Measurement Methods of Fuel Consumption for Light-
duty Vehicles
1 Scope
This Standard stipulates the test and calculation method that uses the carbon balance
method to calculate fuel consumption, and the inspection and determination method
of production conformity through the determination of automobile carbon dioxide (CO2),
carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions.
This Standard is applicable to Type-N1 vehicles, whose maximum design speed is
greater than, or equals to 50 km/h, and Type-M1 and Type-M2 vehicles whose
maximum design total mass does not exceed 3,500 kg, powered by ignition engine or
compression ignition engine; Type-M1 vehicles whose maximum design total mass
exceeds 3,500 kg may take this as a reference.
This Standard is applicable to vehicles that can burn gasoline or diesel, but not
applicable to hybrid electric vehicles. Vehicles of other fuel types may take this as a
reference.
2 Normative References
The following documents are indispensable to the application of this document. In
terms of references with a specified date, only versions with a specified date are
applicable to this document. In terms of references without a specified date, the latest
version (including all the modifications) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 1884 Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products - Laboratory
Determination of Density - Hydrometer Method
GB/T 15089-2001 Classification of Power-driven Vehicles and Trailers
GB 18352.6-2016 Limits and Measurement Methods for Emissions from Light-duty
Vehicles (CHINA 6)
GB/T 38146.1-2019 China Automotive Test Cycle - Part 1: Light-duty Vehicles
3 Terms and Definitions
What is defined in GB/T 15089-2001, GB 18352.6-2016, GB/T 38146.1-2019, and the
following terms and definitions are applicable to this document.
The laboratory environment shall comply with the requirements of C.1.2.2 in GB
18352.6-2016.
5.2 Test Vehicles
5.2.1 All components of the test vehicle shall satisfy the requirements for mass
production. If the test vehicle differs from the mass production status, then, detailed
instructions are required.
5.2.2 The vehicle manufacturer or its authorized agent shall submit a vehicle
representing the model being tested to an inspection institution responsible for the type
test. If the vehicle manufacturer or its authorized agent chooses to use the interpolation
lineage, a representative vehicle in the interpolation lineage shall be selected. In
addition, the same test vehicle should be adopted to represent Vehicle H and Vehicle
L through different road load settings.
5.2.3 The test vehicle may be running-in in accordance with the demands of the vehicle
manufacturer or its authorized agent. Ensure that the mechanical condition is good,
and the run-in mileage does not exceed 15,000 km.
5.2.4 Lubricating agents stipulated by the vehicle manufacturer shall be used and
indicated in the test result report.
5.2.5 The other settings1 of the test vehicle shall comply with the requirements of
C.1.2.4.2 ~ C.1.2.4.5 and C.1.2.4.7 in GB 18352.6-2016.
5.3 Test Fuel
5.3.1 The type test shall comply with the lowest reference mark recommended by the
vehicle manufacturer. Reference fuel that meets the requirements of Appendix K in GB
18352.6-2016 shall be used; no additional oxygenate is allowed in the fuel. When using
fuel types not specified in Appendix K of GB 18352.6-2016, commercial vehicle fuels
that comply with relevant national standards shall be used.
5.3.2 When performing the calculation described in 4.5, the value of fuel parameters is
as follows:
a) Density: the density of test fuel measured in accordance with the method of
GB/T 1884;
b) Hydrogen-carbon ratio: a fixed value: 1.85 for gasoline and 1.85 for diesel.
5.4 Test Equipment
The technical characteristics of test equipment shall comply with the stipulations of
1 In the relevant quoted clauses of GB 18352.6-2016, the “environmental protection authority” refers to
the “automotive fuel consumption authority”; “CO2 emission” refers to “fuel consumption” in this Standard.
FCave i---the arithmetic mean value of fuel consumption of the ith speed section,
expressed in (L/100 km);
Di---the theoretical driving distance of the ith speed section, expressed in (km).
h) If the type approval value does not adopt the comprehensive value submitted
and declared by the vehicle manufacturer, the type approval value of fuel
consumption of each speed section shall be calculated in accordance with the
arithmetic mean value of the test result of fuel consumption of corresponding
speed section.
7.6 The format of the type test result report is shown in Appendix E.
8 Production Conformity
8.1 Production Conformity Test and Requirements
8.1.1 General requirements
8.1.1.1 As a general rule, the content and type approval value in the test result report
in Appendix E shall be used as the basis to review the production conformity guarantee
measures of vehicles in terms of fuel consumption.
8.1.1.2 If a certain model has several extended models or interpolation lineage models,
the production conformity test shall be conducted on the basic model described in the
application materials of the first type test. If the production of the basic model of the
first type test has been suspended, the production conformity test shall be performed
on the extended models or interpolation lineage models.
8.1.2 Production conformity test
8.1.2.1 The reference fuel mark number used in the production conformity test shall be
the same as that in the type test.
8.1.2.2 Randomly take 3 vehicles from a batch of products, in accordance with the
stipulations of Chapter 4 ~ Chapter 6, conduct the test.
8.1.2.3 When the vehicle manufacturer’s production standard deviation is satisfying,
the test and determination may be performed in accordance with 8.2. When the vehicle
manufacturer’s production standard deviation is obviously dissatisfying or unavailable,
the test and determination shall be performed in accordance with 8.3.
8.1.2.4 Take the test of 3 sample vehicles as the basis. In accordance with the
determination criteria provided in the corresponding table, determine it. Once it is
determined as qualified or disqualified in accordance with the test statistics, then, this
batch of products shall be qualified or disqualified.
Where,
EC---gradient coefficient, which may be less than 1;
FCx km---fuel consumption of “x” kilometers, expressed in (L/100 km);
FC0 km---fuel consumption of zero kilometers, expressed in (L/100 km).
c) The subsequent vehicles do not need to be running-in, but their fuel
consumption at zero kilometers needs to be multiplied by the gradient
coefficient EC. At this time, the taken value is:
---The first vehicle: fuel consumption of “x” kilometers;
---The subsequent vehicles: fuel consumption of zero kilometers multiplied by
the gradient coefficient.
8.1.3.4 As an alternative to this regulation, the vehicle manufacturer may adopt a fixed
gradient coefficient 0.95. All fuel consumption values measured at zero kilometers shall
be multiplied by this coefficient.
8.2 Production Conformity Inspection when Vehicle Manufacturer’s
Statistical Data is Satisfying
8.2.1 When the minimum number of sample vehicles is 3, the stipulations of the
sampling procedure are as follows: when 40% of a batch of products have production
defects, the probability of passing the test is 0.95 (manufacturer’s risk = 5%); when 65%
of a batch of products have production defects, the probability of being accepted is 0.1
(customer’s risk = 10%).
8.2.2 Quantify the sum of the standard deviation of the type approval value; use
Formula (8) to calculate the test statistics of the sample vehicles:
Where,
s---the measured value is the estimated value of production standard deviation after
natural logarithm;
L---natural logarithm of type approval value of fuel consumption;
xi---natural logarithm of the measured value of the ith vehicle in the sample vehicles;
c) Types of vehicle body, such as:
---Type-M1 and Type-M2: common type, rear-door type, travel type, double-
door type, open type and multi-purpose type;
---Type-N1: flat type, compartment type, tank type.
d) Overall gear ratio4.
e) Engine equipment and accessories.
10 Test Lineage
10.1 General Requirements
The test lineage defined in C.1.2.3.1 in GB 18352.6-2016 is applicable to this
Standard1.
10.2 Determination of Fuel Consumption in Test Lineage
10.2.1 If the vehicle satisfies the requirements of C.1.2.3.1.1 in GB 18352.6-2016, the
same interpolation lineage1 may be constituted. In accordance with the vehicle
manufacturer’s requirements, adopt one of the following two methods to determine fuel
consumption of vehicles in the test lineage.
a) The fuel consumption of vehicle H tested and calculated in accordance with
Chapter 4 ~ Chapter 6, and CE.3.2.1 in GB 18352.6-2016 is applicable to all
the vehicle models in the interpolation lineage1;
b) In accordance with Chapter 4 ~ Chapter 6, test the fuel consumption of vehicle
H and vehicle L; in accordance with the methods in CE.3.2.3.2.1 ~
CE.3.2.3.2.4 in GB 18352.6-2016, calculate the fuel consumption1 of all the
vehicle models in the interpolation lineage. Specifically speaking, if the
difference of fuel consumption between the test vehicle L and vehicle H is
within the specified range, then, the interpolation method can be used. The
lower limit of this specified range is: 0.2 L/100 km; the upper limit is 20% of
the actual fuel consumption of vehicle H, plus 0.2 L/100 km; the minimum is
0.6 L/100 km, and the maximum is 1.2 L/100 km. The interpolation line can
be extrapolated up to 0.12 L/100 km greater than the fuel consumption of
vehicle H, or, 0.12 L/100 km smaller than the fuel consumption of vehicle L;
the extension is merely effective within the above-mentioned absolute limits.
10.2.2 If the vehicle satisfies the requirements of C.1.2.3.1.3 in GB 18352.6-2016, the
same road load matrix lineage1 may be constituted. In accordance with the vehicle
4 Total gear ratio refers to the road speed at an engine speed of 1,000 r/min, expressed in km/h, and
calculated in accordance with the rolling circumference of the tires under the test mass load.
Appendix A
(informative)
Measurement Method of Fuel Consumption in Low-temperature
Environment
A.1 General Requirements
This Appendix specifies the measurement method of fuel consumption in low-
temperature environment. In accordance with the requirements of A.2 and A.3, conduct
the test; record the parameters and test data of the test vehicles. With reference to the
requirements in A.4, calculate the test result, which shall be expressed in (L/100 km)
and rounded off to two decimal places.
A.2 Test Conditions
A.2.1 Laboratory and test equipment
A.2.1.1 Low-temperature environment simulation test system
The chassis dynamometer, exhaust dilution and sampling system, analysis equipment
and their calibration shall comply with the stipulations of Appendix CD in GB 18352.6-
2016. Gas shall comply with the stipulations of relevant parts in Appendix CD.3 in GB
18352.6-2016.
A.2.1.2 Additional equipment
The equipment for the measurement of volume, temperature and pressure shall
comply with the stipulations of Appendix CD in GB 18352.6-20161.
A.2.1.3 Others
Other unspecified test equipment and laboratory requirements shall take relevant
clauses of GB 18352.6-2016 as a reference1.
A.2.2 Environmental conditions
A.2.2.1 The average temperature shall be (-7 ± 3) °C.
A.2.2.2 During the test, the laboratory temperature shall be monitored; the temperature
shall be measured at the air outlet of the cooling fan. The ambient temperature in the
report shall be the arithmetic mean value of the laboratory temperature measured at a
fixed interval of not more than 1 min.
during the entire test process, set the temperature to 22 °C; set the airflow control to
defrost the front window.
A.3 Test Procedures
A.3.1 Test cycle
In accordance with the CLTC-P and CLTC-C cycle (in which, CLTC-P is applicable to
Type-M1 vehicles; CLTC-C is applicable to Type-N1 vehicles, and Type-M2 vehicles
whose maximum design total mass does not exceed 3,500 kg) specified in Appendix
A in GB/T 38146.1-2019, or the WLTC cycle described in Appendix CA in GB 18352.6-
2016, conduct the test.
A.3.2 Pre-treatment
A.3.2.1 In accordance with the requirements of C.1.2.2 in GB 18352.6-2016, set the
ambient temperature.
A.3.2.2 In accordance with the requirements of 6.2, set the chassis dynamometer.
Specifically speaking, the resistance setting of the chassis dynamometer shall be
adjusted to simulate the running condition of the vehicle on the road at -7 °C. The
adjustment may be based on the changes of the road running resistance determined
at -7 °C. Or, the resistance obtained by reducing the slipping time of the driving
resistance determined in accordance with 6.2 by 10% may also be used as an
alternative road driving resistance for the setting.
A.3.2.3 Fill the fuel tank with applicable K.2.2 or K.2.3 test fuel specified in Appendix
K of GB 18352.6-2016. When using fuel types not specified in Appendix K of GB
18352.6-2016, commercial vehicle fuels that comply with relevant national standards
shall be adopted. If the existing fuel in the fuel tank does not meet the specifications,
before filling, drain the previous fuel. The temperature of the test fuel shall not be higher
than 16 °C. During the above operations, the evaporative pollutant emission control
system can neither abnormally desorb nor abnormally adsorb.
A.3.2.4 Transfer the vehicle into the laboratory; place it on the chassis dynamometer.
Connect the test equipment, for example, the exhaust system, so as to confirm that
the fuel line is leak-free and sufficiently exhausted.
A.3.2.5 Adopt the test cycle specified in A.3.1 to conduct the pre-treatment. As required
by the vehicle manufacturer, the cycle can be running for additional one time or more
times. The additional pre-treatment shall be recorded in the test report.
A.3.2.6 During the pre-treatment, the laboratory temperature shall maintain relatively
stable, and not higher than 30 °C.
A.3.2.7 Within 10 min after the pre-treatment is completed, turn off the engine.
Appendix B
(informative)
Measurement Method of Fuel Consumption when Air-conditioning
is Turned on
B.1 General Requirements
This Appendix specifies the measurement method of fuel consumption when air-
conditioning is turned on. In accordance with the requirements of B.2 and B.3, conduct
the test; record the parameters and test data of the test vehicles. With reference to the
requirements of B.4, calculate the test result; the calculation result shall be expressed
in (L/100 km) and rounded off to two decimal places.
B.2 Test Conditions
B.2.1 Laboratory and test equipment
B.2.1.1 The technical requirements of the sunlight simulation system are as follows:
---The spectrum type shall be full spectrum.
---The size of the radiation area shall be not les s than 6 m 2.5 m.
---The maximum radiation intensity shall be not less than 900 W/m2.
---The deviation of radiation intensity shall not exceed ± 45 W/m2.
---The radiation uniformity shall not exceed 10%.
B.2.1.2 The technical requirements of cooling fan are as follows:
---The size of the fan nozzle shall be not smaller than the area of the air intake
grille.
---The maximum wind speed of the fan shall be not less than 120 km/h.
---The distance between the fan nozzle and the forefront of the vehicle shall be
not greater than 1 m.
B.2.1.3 Other technical requirements are as follows:
---The deviation of ambient temperature shall not exceed ± 2.0 °C.
---The deviation of relative humidity shall not exceed ± 5%.
Type-M1 vehicles; CLTC-C is applicable to Type-N1 vehicles, and Type-M2 vehicles
whose maximum design total mass does not exceed 3,500 kg) specified in Appendix
A in GB/T 38146.1-2019, or the WLTC cycle described in Appendix CA in GB 18352.6-
2016, conduct the test.
B.3.3 Determination of fuel consumption (FCON) of vehicles when air-
conditioning is turned on
B.3.3.1 Open all the windows. Place the air circulation switch of the air-conditioner in
the external circulation position. Place the airflow regulation switch in the middle
position (rounded to the high gear). During this process, the compressor shall always
be off.
B.3.3.2 The vehicle runs at a constant speed of (90 ± 2) km/h for 20 min.
B.3.3.3 Turn off the engine and all the windows. In accordance with B.2.2.3, set the
solar radiation intensity, then, place the vehicle still for 30 min.
B.3.3.4 In accordance with the requirements of B.2.4, turn on and set the air-
conditioner of the vehicle, then, immediately conduct the test in accordance with the
requirements of Chapter 6; in accordance with the method of 7.2, calculate the test
result.
B.3.3.5 During the test process, at an acquisition frequency of not less than 1 Hz,
conduct real-time recording of the temperature changes at the required temperature
measurement points of B.2.3.2. When the test is performed to 10 min (WLTC cycle) or
15 min (CLTC-P and CLTC-C cycle), the average temperature of all the temperature
measurement points shall be not more than 23 °C, otherwise, stop the test, in
accordance with B.2.4, re-set; in accordance with the sequence of B.3.1 ~ B.3.5, re-
conduct the test. When the test is performed to 10 min (WLTC cycle) or 15 min (CLTC-
P and CLTC-C cycle) to the end of the test, the cumulative duration of the average
temperature of all the temperature measurement points exceeding 23 °C shall not
exceed 10 s, otherwise, the test is invalid; in accordance with B.2.4, re-set; in
accordance with the sequence of B.3.1 ~ B.3.5, re-conduct the test.
B.3.4 Determination of fuel consumption (FCOFF) of vehicles when air-
conditioning is turned off
B.3.4.1 Turn off the solar radiation. Operate in accordance with B.3.3.1 and B.3.3.2.
B.3.4.2 After turning off the vehicle air-conditioner and all the windows, immediately
perform the test in accordance with the requirements of Chapter 6. In addition, in
accordance with 7.2, calculate the test result.
B.3.5 Repeatability test
B.3.5.1 Take B.3.3 and B.3.4 as a group for the test. A total of 3 groups shall be tested.
Appendix C
(informative)
Measurement Method of Fuel Consumption in High-altitude
Environment
C.1 General Requirements
This Appendix specifies the measurement method of fuel consumption in high-altitude
environment. In accordance with the requirements of C.2 and C.3, conduct the test;
record the parameters and test data of the test vehicles. In accordance with the
requirements of C.4, calculate the test result, which shall be expressed in (L/100 km)
and rounded off to two decimal places.
C.2 Test Conditions
C.2.1 Laboratory and test equipment
C.2.1.1 Test system
The technical requirements of high-altitude environment simulation test system are as
follows:
---The chassis dynamometer, exhaust dilution and sampling system, analytical
equipment and their calibration shall comply with the stipulations of Appendix
CD in GB 18352.6-2016. Gas shall comply with the stipulations1 of relevant
parts in Appendix CD.3 in GB 18352.6-2016.
---If an altitude simulation device is adopted, it shall be able to simultaneously
simulate the altitude and temperature; the altitude range shall be at least 0 m ~
2,500 m, with an accuracy of not less than 10 m. If a high-altitude field
laboratory is used, the altitude shall be (1,900 ± 50) m. The measurement
accuracy of temperature and humidity shall comply with the requirements of
C.1.2.2.1 in GB 18352.6-2016.
C.2.1.2 Additional equipment
The equipment for the measurement of volume, temperature and pressure shall
comply with the stipulations of Appendix CD in GB 18352.6-20161.
C.2.1.3 Others
Other unspecified test equipment and laboratory requirements shall take relevant
clauses of GB 18352.6-2016 as a reference1.
C.3.2.3 Fill the fuel tank with applicable K.2.1 or K.2.3 test fuel specified in Appendix
K of GB 18352.6-2016. When using fuel types not specified in Appendix K of GB
18352.6-2016, commercial vehicle fuels that comply with relevant national standards
shall be adopted. If the existing fuel in the fuel tank does not meet the specifications,
before filling, drain the previous fuel. The temperature of the test fuel shall not be higher
than 16 °C. During the above operations, the evaporative pollutant emission control
system can neither abnormally desorb nor abnormally adsorb.
C.3.2.4 Transfer the vehicle into the laboratory; place it on the chassis dynamometer.
Connect the test equipment, for example, the exhaust system, so as to confirm that
the fuel line is leak-free and sufficiently exhausted.
C.3.2.5 During the pre-treatment, the laboratory temperature shall be maintained
relatively stable, and not higher than 30 °C.
C.3.2.6 Within 10 min after the pre-treatment is completed, turn off the engine.
C.3.3 Extraction
C.3.3.1 In accordance with the stipulations of C.1.2.2 in GB 18352.6-2016, set the
ambient temperature; start the extraction. The duration of extraction shall be 9 h ~ 36
h.
C.3.3.2 Within 10 min after the pre-treatment is completed, transfer the vehicle to the
extraction room. During this period, if it passes through other temperature zones, the
duration shall not exceed 10 min.
C.3.3.3 If the extraction area is not the same facility as the official test environment
warehouse, after the extraction is completed, the vehicle shall be transferred to the
official test environment warehouse as soon as possible. During this period, if it passes
through other temperature zones, the duration shall not exceed 10 min. Within 20 min
from the moment of entering the test environment warehouse, start the test.
C.3.4 Determination of fuel consumption of vehicles in high-altitude environment
C.3.4.1 In accordance with the requirements of C.2.2.2, set the ambient temperature
and altitude.
C.3.4.2 In accordance with C.3.2.2, set the chassis dynamometer.
C.3.4.3 In accordance with the requirements of 6.4, conduct the test.
C.4 Test Result
In accordance with the method of 7.2, calculate the test result.
......
| Standard ID | GB/T 19233-2020 (GB/T19233-2020) | | Description (Translated English) | Measurement methods of fuel consumption for light-duty vehicles | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | T40 | | Classification of International Standard | 43.020 | | Word Count Estimation | 30,320 | | Date of Issue | 2020-06-02 | | Date of Implementation | 2021-01-01 | | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB/T 19233-2008 | | Quoted Standard | GB/T 1884; GB/T 15089-2001; GB 18352.6-2016; GB/T 38146.1-2019 | | Drafting Organization | China Automotive Technology and Research Center Co., Ltd., Beiqi Foton Motor Co., Ltd., China FAW Group Co., Ltd., Chongqing Changan Automobile Co., Ltd., SAIC-GM-Wuling Automobile Co., Ltd., Chery Automobile Co., Ltd., China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co., Ltd. Co., Ltd., Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation Technology Center, SAIC General Motors Co., Ltd., Dongfeng Motor Group Co., Ltd. Technology Center, BYD Automobile Industry Co., Ltd., United Automotive Electronics Co., Ltd., European Automobile Manufacturers Association Beijing Representative Office, BMW (China) Service Co., Ltd., Daimler Greater China Investment Co., Ltd., Volkswagen (China) Investment Co., Ltd. | | Administrative Organization | National Automotive Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC 114) | | Proposing organization | Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation, National Standardization Administration | | Summary | This standard specifies the test, calculation method, and production consistency inspection and judgment method for calculating fuel consumption by carbon balance method by measuring carbon dioxide (CO?), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions from automobiles. This standard is applicable to N1 category vehicles powered by spark-ignition engine or compression-ignition engine with a maximum design speed greater than or equal to 50km/h and M1 and M2 category vehicles with a maximum design gross mass not exceeding 3500kg. M1 vehicles with a maximum design total mass of more than 3500kg may refer to the implementation. This standard applies to vehicles that can burn gasoline or diesel, but not to hybrid electric vehicles; other fuel types of vehicles can be implemented by reference. |
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