GB/T 16623-2022 (GB/T16623-2022, GBT 16623-2022, GBT16623-2022) & related versions
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GB/T 16623-2022
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 83.160.99
CCS G 41
Replacing GB/T 16623-2008
Technical Specification of Pressed-on Solid Tyres
ISSUED ON: OCTOBER 12, 2022
IMPLEMENTED ON: MAY 01, 2023
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative References ... 5
3 Terms and Definitions ... 6
4 Technical Requirements ... 6
5 Test Methods ... 7
6 Marking ... 7
Appendix A (Normative) Rims and Matching Dimensions of Tyres and Rims ... 8
Appendix B (Normative) Measurement Method for the Outer Edge Dimension of the
Tyre ... 10
Appendix C (Normative) Methods for Testing Physical and Mechanical Properties of
Tyre ... 12
Technical Specification of Pressed-on Solid Tyres
1 Scope
This Document specifies the technical requirements, test methods and markings for pressed-on
solid tyres.
This Document applies to new pressed-on solid tyres used on counterbalanced forklift trucks
and other industrial vehicles.
2 Normative References
The provisions in following documents become the essential provisions of this Document
through reference in this Document. For the dated documents, only the versions with the dates
indicated are applicable to this Document; for the undated documents, only the latest version
(including all the amendments) is applicable to this Document.
GB/T 528 Rubber, Vulcanized or Thermoplastic – Determination of Tensile Stress-Strain
Properties
GB/T 531.1 Rubber, Vulcanized or Thermoplastic – Determination of Indentation hardness
– Part 1: Durometer Method (Shore Hardness)
GB/T 1031 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) – Surface Texture: Profile Method
– Surface Roughness parameters and their Values
GB/T 1689 Rubber Vulcanized – Determination of Abrasion Resistance (Akron Machine)
GB/T 2941 Rubber - General Procedures for Preparing and Conditioning Test Pieces for
Physical Test Methods
GB/T 3512 Rubber, Vulcanized or Thermoplastic - Accelerated Ageing and Heat
Resistance Tests
GB/T 6326 Tyre Terms and Definitions
GB/T 7760 Rubber, Vulcanized or Thermoplastic - Determination of Adhesion to a Rigid
Substrate - 90 Degrees Peel Method
GB/T 8170 Rules of Rounding off for Numerical Values & Expression and Judgement of
Limiting Values
the rubber is broken.
5 Test Methods
5.1 The dimensions of the outer edge of the tyre shall be measured according to the provisions
of Appendix B.
5.2 Tensile strength, elongation at break, hardness and abrasion quantity shall be tested
according to the provisions of Appendix C.
5.3 The adhesion strength between metal and rubber shall be tested according to the provisions
of GB/T 7760.
5.4 The tyre durability shall be tested according to the provisions of GB/T 22391.
6 Marking
6.1 The sidewall of each tyre shall have the following markings:
a) specifications;
b) trademark, manufacturer's name or place of origin;
c) production number;
d) inspection mark.
6.2 6.1 a) ~ c) on the tyre sidewall shall be permanent marks; and 6.1 d) shall be marks that
cannot be washed off by water.
Appendix B
(Normative)
Measurement Method for the Outer Edge Dimension of the
Tyre
B.1 Measurement items
Outer perimeter and section width of tyre.
B.2 Measurement conditions
B.2.1 The tyre shall be parked at room temperature for more than 48h after vulcanization; and
the tire and rim assembly shall be parked at a temperature of 18°C ~ 36°C for at least 24h before
testing.
B.2.2 Measurement tools and their accuracy requirements are as follows:
a) steel ruler and metal tape (without curvature): 1mm;
b) vernier caliper: 0.1mm;
c) calipers.
B.3 Measurement method
B.3.1 The outer perimeter of the tyre
Use metal tape to wrap around the tyre along the centerline of the crown or near the highest
point of the centerline to measure the outer perimeter. The unit of measurement is millimeter;
round-off to an integer; and obtain the outer diameter according to Formula (B.1).
B.3.2 Section width of tyre
Select the widest part of the sidewall without a mark; and use a vernier caliper or a caliper and
a steel ruler to measure the section width at four points at approximately quarters of the tyre
circumference. Take the arithmetic mean value; the measurement unit is mm; rounded-off to an
integer.
B.4 Calculation method
The outer diameter of tyre shall be calculated according to Formula (B.1).
Appendix C
(Normative)
Methods for Testing Physical and Mechanical Properties of
Tyre
C.1 General requirements
C.1.1 The tyre shall be parked at room temperature for more than 48h after vulcanization; and
it shall be conditioned for at least 24h in the standard laboratory environment specified in GB/T
2941 before testing.
C.1.2 When the surface roughness and thickness of the sample or specimen taken from the tyre
is greater than the corresponding standard; it shall be cut and polished according to GB/T 2941.
When the thickness of the sample is less than the corresponding standard, it can be cut into
samples according to the actual thickness of the sample for testing.
C.2 Test for physical and mechanical performance of tread rubber
C.2.1 Tensile properties before and after aging
C.2.1.1 When sampling, for the tread part, take the centerline of the crown as the reference, and
take samples along the longitudinal direction; and cut a middle layer specimen if the thickness
of the tread rubber is 6mm~10mm. Cut the middle and lower layers of specimens (except for
the special cutting of the crown pattern) if the thickness of the tread rubber is more than 10mm.
C.2.1.2 Cut the sample, and polish into a Type 2 specimen conforming to GB/T 528; and mark
the position and level of the specimen.
C.2.1.3 When the tread pattern is special and the standard size specimen cannot be cut, the
clamping part of the specimen can be cut according to the actual situation.
C.2.1.4 Conduct the tensile property test according to GB/T 528; and perform the tensile
property test after aging according to GB/T 3512.
C.2.2 Hardness
C.2.2.1 Cut a sample from the tread with a length of no less than 40mm, a width of no less than
15mm, and a thickness of no less than 6mm; or stack up to three samples of the same layer to
form a specimen.
C.2.2.2 Measure the hardness of each layer of samples according to GB/T 531.1. The surface
......
GB/T 16623-2008
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 83.160.99
G 41
Replacing GB/T 16623-1996
Technical specification of pressed-on solid tires
ISSUED ON: JUNE 18, 2008
IMPLEMENTED ON: FEBRUARY 01, 2009
Issued by: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative references ... 4
3 Terms and definitions ... 5
4 Requirements ... 5
5 Test method ... 5
6 Markings ... 6
Appendix A (Normative) Measurement method of outer edge size of tire ... 7
Appendix B (Normative) Test method of tire’s physical performance ... 9
Appendix C (Normative) Test method for durability of pressed-on solid tires . 11
Appendix D (Informative) Matching size of tire and rim ... 13
Technical specification of pressed-on solid tires
1 Scope
This standard specifies the terms and definitions, specifications, dimensions,
technical requirements, test methods and markings for pressed-on solid tires.
This standard applies to new pressed-on solid tires used on industrial vehicles
such as counterbalanced forklifts, hoists, tractors, flatbed trucks, fixed platform
trucks.
2 Normative references
The provisions in following documents become the provisions of this Standard
through reference in this Standard. For the dated references, the subsequent
amendments (excluding corrections) or revisions do not apply to this Standard;
however, parties who reach an agreement based on this Standard are
encouraged to study if the latest versions of these documents are applicable.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document applies.
GB/T 528 Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic - Determination of tensile
stress-strain properties (GB/T 528-1998, eqv ISO 37:1994)
GB/T 531 Rubber - Determination of indentation hardness by means of
pocket hardness meters (GB/T 531-1999, idt ISO 7619:1986)
GB/T 1689 Rubber vulcanized - Determination of abrasion resistance (Akron
machine)
GB/T 2941 Rubber - General procedures for preparing and conditioning test
pieces for physical test methods (GB/T 2941-2006, ISO 23529:2004, IDT)
GB/T 6326 Tire terms and definitions (GB/T 6326-2005, ISO 4223-1:2002,
Definitions of some terms used in the tire industry - Part 1: Pneumatic tires)
GB/T 7760 Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic - Determination of adhesion
to a rigid substrate - 90° peel method (GB/T 7760-2003, ISO 831:1997, MOD)
GB/T 8170 Rules of rounding off for numerical values & expression and
judgement of limiting values
GB/T 16622 Series of pressed-on solid tires
Appendix A
(Normative)
Measurement method of outer edge size of tire
A.1 Test item
Outer circumference and cross-sectional width.
A.2 Test conditions
A.2.1 The tested tires shall be standing for more than 72 hours after
vulcanization, including at least 24 hours in the standard laboratory
environment as specified in GB/T 2941 (a combination of tires and rims);
A.2.2 The appearance quality of tires must meet the requirements of HG/T 2177.
A.2.3 Measurement tools:
Steel ruler and metal tape measure (without radian): the graduation is not more
than 1.0 mm;
Vernier caliper: the accuracy is higher than 0.1 mm;
Calipers;
Micrometer: accuracy of 0.05 mm.
A.3 Measurement method
A.3.1 Outer circumference of tire: Use a metal tape to make a circle around the
tire along the center line of the tire crown or near the highest point of the center
line to measure the outer circumference. The measured value takes one
decimal place; the outer diameter is calculated according to formula (A.1),
which is rounded off to an integer.
A.3.2 Tire’s cross-sectional width: Select the base steel rim; use a vernier
caliper or caliper to measure the cross-sectional width at four equal points on
the tire circumference; take the arithmetic average; round it to an integer.
A.4 Calculation of tire outer diameter
The tire’s outer diameter is calculated according to formula (A.1):
Appendix B
(Normative)
Test method of tire’s physical performance
B.1 General requirements
B.1.1 The vulcanized tire can be tested only after it is stand for 72 hours in the
standard laboratory environment as specified in GB/T 2941.
B.1.2 When the sample as taken from the tire or the surface of specimen is
uneven or thicker than the corresponding standard, it shall be cut and polished
in accordance with GB/T 2941. When the thickness of the sample is less than
the corresponding standard, it can be cut into test specimens according to the
actual thickness of the sample.
B.2 Physical performance test of tread rubber
B.2.1 Tensile performance
B.2.1.1 When sampling, take the centerline of the tire crown as the reference;
take the sample along the longitudinal direction; cut the sample at the crown
thickness of 6 mm ~ 10 mm; cut and polish the sample so that the thickness is
not more than 3 mm.
B.2.1.2 Cut the sample and grind it into a Type 2 sample conforming to GB/T
528; mark the position of the sample.
B.2.1.3 When the tread pattern is special and it is not possible to cut the
standard size sample, the clamping part of the sample can be cut according to
the actual situation.
B.2.1.4 Carry out tensile performance test according to GB/T 528.
B.2.2 Hardness
B.2.2.1 Cut a sample which has a length of not less than 40 mm, a width of not
less than 15 mm, a thickness of not less than 6 mm on the tread; stack the 3
samples together to form a specimen.
B.2.2.2 The surface hardness of the tread rubber measured in accordance with
GB/T 531 can be measured directly on the crown of the tire. The results
obtained on the specimen made of the sample shall prevail in the arbitration.
B.2.3 Abrasion resistance
Appendix C
(Normative)
Test method for durability of pressed-on solid tires
C.1 Test equipment and accuracy
C.1.1 The outer diameter of the test drum is 1700 mm ± 17 mm.
C.1.2 The test surface of the test drum shall be a smooth steel surface; the
surface width shall be greater than or equal to the total cross-sectional width of
the tested tire.
C.1.3 The surface linear speed of the drum of the testing machine shall meet
the requirements of the test; the speed control accuracy shall be ±0.1 km/h.
C.1.4 The center axis of the tire shall be parallel to the center axis of the drum;
its accuracy shall not exceed 0.5°.
C.1.5 The load applied to the test tire by the drum of the testing machine shall
meet the test requirements; the control accuracy of the test load shall be ±1.5%
of the full scale.
C.2 Test conditions
C.2.1 During the whole test, the laboratory temperature shall be 25 °C ± 5 °C.
C.2.2 Install the test tire on the standard test rim; the conditioning time at the
laboratory temperature shall not be less than 72 h, including at least 8 h
conditioning in the standard laboratory environment as specified by GB/T 2941.
C.2.3 The linear speed of the drum of the testing machine is 10 km/h.
C.2.4 The test load is the load under 10 km/h as specified in GB/T 16622.
C.2.5 The direction of load of the test tire shall be perpendicular to the tangent
direction of the contact surface between the tire and the drum; meanwhile it
shall pass through the center of the wheel where the test tire is installed. The
angular deviation shall be controlled within 3°.
C.2.6 The center axis of the tire shall be parallel to the center line of the drum;
the tire slip angle shall be controlled within 3°.
C.3 Test method
C.3.1 Fix the prepared test tire and rim assembly to the durability tester; apply
......
| Standard ID | GB/T 16623-2022 (GB/T16623-2022) | | Description (Translated English) | Technical specification of pressed-on solid tyres | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | G41 | | Classification of International Standard | 83.160.99 | | Word Count Estimation | 10,157 | | Date of Issue | 2022-10-14 | | Date of Implementation | 2023-05-01 | | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB/T 16623-2008 | | Drafting Organization | Zhongce Rubber Group Co., Ltd., Guizhou Tire Co., Ltd., Xiamen Zhengxin Rubber Industry Co., Ltd., Shandong Yi Shimai Specialty Tire Co., Ltd., Shandong Linglong Tire Co., Ltd., Tianjin Wanda Tire Group Co., Ltd., Xuzhou Xulun Rubber Co., Ltd., Sailun Group Co., Ltd., Beijing Rubber Industry Research and Design Institute Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Fuming Technology Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Donghao Rubber Co., Ltd., Michelin (China) Investment Co., Ltd. | | Administrative Organization | National Standardization Technical Committee of Tire and Rim (SAC/TC 19) | | Proposing organization | China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation, National Standardization Management Committee | | Standard ID | GB/T 16623-2008 (GB/T16623-2008) | | Description (Translated English) | Technical specification of press-on solid tyres | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | G41 | | Classification of International Standard | 83.160.99 | | Word Count Estimation | 10,150 | | Date of Issue | 2008-06-18 | | Date of Implementation | 2009-02-01 | | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB/T 16623-1996 | | Quoted Standard | GB/T 528; GB/T 531; GB/T 1689; GB/T 2941; GB/T 6326; GB/T 7760; GB/T 8170; GB/T 16622; HG/T 2177 | | Drafting Organization | Hangzhou Zhongce Rubber Co., Ltd. | | Administrative Organization | National Standardization Technical Committee tire rim | | Regulation (derived from) | National Standard Approval Announcement 2008 No.10 (Total No.123) | | Proposing organization | China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Association | | Issuing agency(ies) | Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of People's Republic of China; Standardization Administration of China | | Summary | This standard specifies the press-fit solid tire terminology and definitions, Dimensions, technical requirements, test methods and marking. This standard applies to forklift trucks, lifting machine, tractor, new press-fit solid tires used on the flatbed truck and fixed platforms and other industrial vehicles. | | Standard ID | GB/T 16623-1996 (GB/T16623-1996) | | Description (Translated English) | Pressed-on solid tyres | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | G41 | | Classification of International Standard | 83.16 | | Word Count Estimation | 9,966 | | Date of Issue | 1996/12/2 | | Date of Implementation | 1997/5/1 | | Quoted Standard | GB/T 528-1992; GB/T 531-1992; GB/T 1689-1989; GB 2941-1991; GB/T 3512-1989; GB 9865-1988; GB/T 7760-1987; GB/T 8170-1987; GB/T 16622-1996; HG/T 2177-1991, | | Adopted Standard | TRA-1994, MOD | | Regulation (derived from) | Announcement of Newly Approved National Standards No. 10, 2008 (No. 123 overall) | | Proposing organization | Ministry of Chemical Industry of the People Republic of China | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Bureau of Technical Supervision |
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