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GB 18176-2016
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 13.040.50
Z 64
Replacing GB 18176-2007 and GB 20998-2007; partially replacing GB 14621-2011
Limits and measurement methods for emissions of pollutants
from mopeds (CHINA Ⅳ)
ISSUED ON: AUGUST 22, 2016
IMPLEMENTED ON: JULY 01, 2018
Issued by: Ministry of Environmental Protection;
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine of the People's Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative references ... 5
3 Terms and definitions ... 6
4 Type test and test information disclosure ... 10
5 General requirements ... 10
6 Type test requirements ... 12
7 Production consistency inspection ... 17
8 Model extension ... 20
9 Compliance in use ... 20
10 Implementation of standards ... 20
Annex A (Normative) Type test related information ... 22
Annex B (Normative) Type test results ... 31
Annex C (Normative) Emission test for tailpipe emissions at room temperature after
cold start (Type I test) ... 34
Annex D (Normative) Dual-idling speed test (Type II test)... 77
Annex E (Normative) Emission test for evaporative emissions (Type IV test) ... 80
Annex F (Normative) Endurance test for emission-control devices (Type V test) ... 100
Annex G (Normative) On-board diagnostic (OBD) system ... 108
Annex H (Normative) Technical requirements for reference fuel ... 114
Annex I (Normative) Production consistency guarantee requirements ... 119
Annex J (Normative) Type extension requirements ... 125
Limits and measurement methods for emissions of pollutants
from mopeds (CHINA Ⅳ)
1 Scope
This Standard specifies limits and measurement methods for tailpipe emissions,
evaporative emissions from mopeds, as well as crankcase emissions requirements,
endurance requirements for emission-control devices and technical requirements for
on-board diagnostic (OBD) system.
This Standard specifies the requirements for the type test of mopeds and the inspection
and judgment methods for production consistency.
This Standard is applicable to two- or three-wheeled mopeds powered by ignition
engines, with engine displacement not greater than 50 mL and maximum design speed
not greater than 50 km/h.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 15089-2001, Classification of power-driven vehicles and trailers
HJ/T 289, Equipment specifications and quality control requirements for Gasoline
vehicles in two-speed idle exhaust emission test
QC/T 1003, Determination of precious metal in metal support catalytic converter
for mopeds
ISO 2575:2010, Road vehicles - Symbols for controls, indicators and tell-tales
ISO 9141-2, Road vehicles - Diagnostic systems - Part 2: CARB requirements for
interchange of digital information
ISO 14229-3, Road vehicles - Unified diagnostic services (UDS) - Part 3: Unified
diagnostic services on CAN implementation (UDSonCAN)
ISO 14229-4, Road vehicles - Unified diagnostic services (UDS) - Part 4: Unified
diagnostic services on FlexRay implementation (UDSonFR)
Gaseous pollutants emitted from moped exhaust pipes.
3.11 operating mode at normal idling speed or at high idling speed
Operating mode at normal idling speed refers to the lowest stable running state of the
engine without load, that is, the engine is running normally, the transmission is in
neutral, the throttle controller is at the minimum position, the choke valve is fully open,
and the engine speed meets the requirements of the manufacturer's technical documents.
Operating mode at high idling speed refers to meeting the above conditions (except for
the throttle controller position; for vehicles with automatic transmission, the drive
wheels shall be in a free state), and by adjusting the throttle controller, the engine speed
is stably controlled at the high idling speed specified in the technical documents of the
manufacturer, but the high idling speed cannot be lower than 2000 r/min. If there is no
provision in the technical documents, the engine speed shall be controlled at 2500 r/min
± 250 r/min.
3.12 crankcase emissions
Gaseous pollutants emitted to the atmosphere from engine crankcase vents or openings
in the lubrication system.
3.13 evaporative emissions
Hydrocarbon vapors lost from the fuel (gasoline) system of a moped, other than the
exhaust pipe emissions of the moped, including:
Diurnal loss: hydrocarbons emitted due to temperature changes in the fuel tank
(expressed in C1H2.33 equivalent).
Hot-soak loss: hydrocarbons (expressed in C1H2.20 equivalent) emitted from the fuel
system when the moped has been running for a period of time.
3.14 volume of the carbon in canister
The volume of activated carbon contained in the canister.
3.15 weight of carbon in the canister
The filling mass of activated carbon stored in the canister.
3.16 efficient loading quality of canister
The difference between the total mass of the canister after adsorption of vapor and the
total mass of the canister after desorption.
3.17 bed volume of canister
The design volume of activated carbon that can be accommodated in the canister.
3.18 initial butane working capacity of canister
The effective adsorption capacity per unit of volume of the carbon in canister after 13
tests.
3.19 breakthrough point
The moment when the accumulative emission of fuel evaporative emissions is equal to
2 g.
3.20 non-exposed type of fuel storage tank
The fuel tank on a vehicle that is not directly exposed to sunlight except for the fuel
tank cap.
3.21 on-board diagnostic system
The on-board diagnostic (OBD) system for emission control, referred to as OBD system.
It must have the ability to identify areas that may be faulty. This information is stored
in the ECU memory as a fault code.
3.22 defeat device
A device. It activates, adjusts, delays or stops the operation of a component by
measuring, sensing or responding to moped operating parameters such as vehicle speed,
engine speed, transmission gear, temperature, manifold vacuum or other the function of
the emission control system, so as to reduce the effectiveness of the emission control
system of the moped under normal conditions of use.
The following devices are not regarded as defeat devices:
(1) Devices necessary to protect the engine from damage or accidents and for the
safe driving of mopeds;
(2) Devices that function only when the engine is started;
(3) Devices that do work in Type I or Type IV test.
3.23 irrational emission control strategy
Irrational emission control strategy refers to measures or methods that reduce the
efficiency of the emission control system of the moped to the emission level that does
not meet the requirements of the type test regulations under the normal working and
use conditions of the moped.
3.24 emission-control devices
A device on a moped to control or limit the tailpipe emissions or evaporative emissions.
(1) Self-opening and closing fuel tank cap is non-removable;
(2) Prevent excessive emission of evaporative emissions caused by the loss of the
fuel tank cap from the design structure;
(3) Any other measure having the same effect, for example, a tethered fuel cap; or
the fuel cap lock uses the same key as the moped ignition, and the key can only
be removed when the fuel cap is locked.
5.4 All mopeds shall be equipped with an OBD system. The system shall be designed,
manufactured and installed to ensure that the type of fault is identified and recorded
throughout the life of the moped. Without type test, any tampering that may affect
emissions cannot be performed on the technical measures adopted by the manufacturer
and the OBD system equipped on the moped. The OBD system shall have a Malfunction
Indicator (MI) that is immediately noticeable to the driver.
5.5 The safety of the electronic control system shall meet the following requirements:
(1) Unless authorized by the manufacturer, any moped that uses an electronic control
unit to control emissions shall be able to prevent modification. Any pluggable
chips used to store calibration data shall be placed in a sealed container. Or they
shall be protected by electronic algorithms. The stored data shall not be altered
unless special tools and special programs are used. This protection requirement is
only met for functional requirements that are directly related to emissions
calibration or to vehicle theft protection.
(2) The engine operating parameters represented by the code of the electronic control
unit shall not be changed unless special tools and special procedures are used
(such as: the components of the electronic control unit are welded or sealed, or
the box of the electronic control unit is sealed (or closed off)).
(3) Manufacturers that use programmable code systems for electronic control units
(such as: electrically erasable programmable read-only memory) shall prevent
unauthorized reprogramming. Manufacturers shall adopt anti-illegal modification
countermeasures, as well as anti-writing functions, such as requiring remote
electronic login to computer systems maintained by manufacturers. The method
shall be disclosed to the competent authority.
5.6 Mopeds are prohibited from using defeat devices and/or irrational emission control
strategy.
5.7 When one of the following conditions is met, mopeds can be installed and used with
relevant engine control devices, functions, systems or measures.
(1) For engine protection, cold start or warm up only.
(2) Only for running safe or insurance and limp home.
7 Production consistency inspection
Measures shall be taken in accordance with Annex I to ensure production consistency.
The inspection of production consistency is based on Annex A and Annex B. When
necessary, some or all of the tests described in Chapter 6 may be carried out.
7.1 Production consistency inspection for type Ⅰ test
7.1.1 When carrying out the Type I test, if the moped for type test has one or more
extensions, this test can be carried out on the vehicle type mentioned in Annex A or the
relevant expansion type.
7.1.2 After the moped is selected by the competent department, the manufacturer shall
not make any adjustments to the selected moped.
7.1.2.1 Randomly select three vehicles of a certain model. Carry out Type I test in
accordance with the provisions in Annex C. The deterioration factor actually measured
during type test shall be adopted. Limits are given in Table 2 in 6.2.1.
7.1.2.2 If the competent authority approves the production standard deviation provided
by the manufacturer in accordance with Annex I, judge the test results according to
Article IA.1.
7.1.2.3 If the competent authority does not recognize the production standard deviation
provided by the manufacturer or the manufacturer has no relevant records, judge the
test results according to Article IA.2.
7.1.2.4 According to the judging criteria of Article IA.1 or Article IA.2, based on the
number of test sample vehicles taken, once all pollutants meet the critical value of
qualification, the series of products are considered to be qualified for Type I test. Once
a certain pollutant meets the critical value of disqualification, the series of products are
considered to be unqualified for Type I test.
When a certain pollutant meets the critical value of judgment, the conclusion will not
be changed by the additional tests of other pollutants in order to draw the conclusion.
If it cannot be determined that all pollutants meet the critical value of qualification, and
it cannot be judged that a certain pollutant meets the critical value of disqualification,
another vehicle is selected for the test, as shown in Figure 2.
If the statistical quantity of a certain pollutant does not meet the critical value for
qualification or disqualification critical value, and the manufacturer requests to
terminate the vehicle testing during the additional sampling vehicle test, it shall be
judged that Type I test production consistency inspection fails.
7.1.2.5 Notwithstanding the requirements of 7.1.2.2 to 7.1.2.4, administrations may
choose the following criteria:
7.2.1 When carrying out the production consistency inspection of the dual idling speed
test of mopeds, the manufacturer shall conduct random inspections of the dual idling
speed test for the mopeds that pass the off-line inspection.
7.2.2 The dual idling CO, HC emission values and lambda value at high idling speed of
mopeds shall meet the requirements of 6.2.2.4.
7.3 Production consistency inspection for Type III test
It shall meet the requirements of 6.2.3.
7.4 Production consistency inspection for Type IV test
The production consistency inspection shall be carried out in accordance with the
provisions of E.7.
7.5 Production consistency inspection for OBD system
7.5.1 Randomly select three vehicles from batch products. Conduct the test described
in Annex G.
7.5.2 If the three vehicles meet the requirements of the test described in Annex G, the
production consistency of the OBD system is considered to meet the requirements.
Otherwise, it is determined that the production consistency inspection of the OBD
system fails.
7.6 Production consistency inspection for canisters
7.6.1 Randomly select three vehicles (or three sets of canisters) from the assembly line
or batch production. Test the initial working capacity of the canister in accordance with
the provisions of Annex EB.
7.6.2 Criteria for judging the consistency of canister production:
- If the initial working capacity measurement results of the three sets of canisters
tested are not lower than 0.85 times of the declared value, and the average value
is not lower than 0.9 times of the declared value, it is determined that the
production consistency inspection of the canister is qualified.
- If the initial working capacity measurement result of any of the three sets of
canisters tested is lower than 0.85 times of the declared value, or its average value
is lower than 0.9 times of the declared value, it is determined that the production
consistency inspection of the canister is unqualified.
7.7 Production consistency inspection for catalytic converters
7.7.1 Randomly take three vehicles (or three sets of catalytic converters) from an
assembly line or mass production. In accordance with the regulations of QC/T 1003,
detect the content of each precious metal in the taken catalytic converter.
7.7.2 Criteria for judging the consistency of catalytic converter production:
- If the measurement results of various precious metal contents of the three sets of
catalytic converters tested are not lower than 0.8 times of the declared value, and
the average value is not lower than 0.85 times of the declared value, the
production consistency inspection of the catalytic converter is determined
qualified.
- If the measurement result of a certain precious metal content in any of the three
sets of catalytic converters tested is lower than 0.8 times of the declared value, or
its average value is lower than 0.85 times of the declared value, it is determined
that the production consistency inspection of the catalytic converter is unqualified.
7.8 Other
If a certain model cannot meet any one of the production consistency inspection
requirements in 7.1 to 7.7, the moped manufacturer shall take all necessary measures
as soon as possible to re-establish the production consistency assurance system.
8 Model extension
The model extension shall meet the requirements of Annex J. When a model is extended,
the extended model cannot be extended to other models.
9 Compliance in use
Manufacturers shall take measures to ensure that within the endurance mileage
specified in this Standard, the emission control devices installed on mopeds under
normal use conditions always operate normally and meet the relevant pollutant
emission limits.
10 Implementation of standards
10.1 Type test
From July 1, 2018, all type-tested mopeds shall meet the requirements of this Standard.
Before the implementation date of this regulation, type test can be carried out in
accordance with the corresponding requirements of this Standard.
10.2 Sales and registration
From July 1, 2019, all mopeds sold and registered shall meet the requirements of this
Annex C
(Normative)
Emission test for tailpipe emissions at room temperature after cold start (Type I
test)
C.1 Overview
C.1.1 he moped shall be placed on a chassis dynamometer equipped with a power
absorbing device and an inertia simulator. Carry out the test in accordance with the test
cycle specified in Annex CC.
C.1.2 During the test, it shall use background air diluted gases. Keep the volumetric
flow of the mixture constant. During the test, a continuous gas mixture sampling stream
is fed into the sampling bag, so as to determine the volume fractions of carbon
monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon dioxide (CO2).
C.2 Test conditions
C.2.1 Laboratory and resting area
C.2.1.1 Laboratory
In the laboratory where the chassis dynamometer and sample gas collection system are
installed, the room temperature shall be controlled at 25°C±5°C. The indoor
temperature shall be measured once before and after the test. The measurement location
shall be near the vehicle cooling fan.
C.2.1.2 Resting area
The temperature in the resting area shall be controlled at 25°C±5°C. The mopeds are
placed in the resting area after pretreatment according to C.3.4. The resting area shall
be able to accommodate a certain number of mopeds.
C.2.2 Test vehicle
C.2.2.1 General
The air intake system of the moped shall be kept tight. The exhaust system must not
have any leaks. The testing agency shall check whether the moped can run normally,
especially whether it has the ability to start under normal temperature conditions.
C.2.2.2 Run-in
Mopeds shall be in good mechanical condition. Run-in to 250 km before the test. If the
C.2.5.3.2.3 The heat exchanger (Sc) shall be capable of controlling the temperature
variation of the diluted gas at the pump inlet within ±5°C throughout the test. The heat
exchanger is equipped with a preheating system to heat the gas to the required working
temperature (with a deviation of ±5°C) before the test starts.
C.2.5.3.2.4 Constant volume pump P1 for sucking diluted gas is driven by a multi-stage
constant speed motor. It shall have a constant flow of sufficient volume to ensure that
all exhaust gas is drawn in. A critical flow venturi arrangement may also be used.
C.2.5.3.2.5 A device that continuously records the temperature of the diluted gas
entering the constant volume pump (or critical flow venturi).
C.2.5.3.2.6 The probe S3 installed outside the sampling device, through the pump, filter
and flow meter, samples the diluted air at a fixed flow rate during the test.
C.2.5.3.2.7 The sampling probe S2 in the dilution exhaust line and before the constant
volume pump, through filters, meters and pumps, if necessary, samples the diluted gas
at a constant flow throughout the test. In both sampling devices, the minimum sampling
flow shall be at least 150 L/h.
C.2.5.3.2.8 Two filters F2 and F3 are correspondingly installed after the probes S2 and
S3 to filter the suspended particles in the sample gas. Special attention is that the filter
must not change the volume fraction of each gas component in the sample gas.
C.2.5.3.2.9 The two sampling pumps P2 and P3 collect the sample gas through the
probes S2 and S3 into the sampling bags Sa and Sb respectively.
C.2.5.3.2.10 Two manual regulating valves V2 and V3 are respectively installed after
the pumps P2 and P3, so as to control the flow rate of the sample gas entering the
sampling bag.
C.2.5.3.2.11 Two rotameters R2 and R3 are connected in series in "probe, filter, pump,
regulating valve, sampling bag" (S2, F2, P2, V2, Sa and S3, F3, P3, V3, Sb) pipeline, so as
to check the sample gas flow at any time.
C.2.5.3.2.12 The airtight sampling bag used to collect dilution air and diluted gas shall
have sufficient volume so that it does not obstruct the flow of sampling gas. The
sampling bag shall have a device that can quickly and automatically close, so that it can
be quickly disconnected from the sampling system after the test or connected to the
analysis system during analysis.
C.2.5.3.2.13 Two pressure gauges g1 and g2 with different functions shall be installed
at the following positions:
a) Installed before the constant volume pump P1, so as to measure the pressure
difference between the atmosphere and the diluted gas;
b) Installed before and after the constant volume pump P1, so as to measure the
pressure difference between the front and rear of the pump.
C.2.5.3.2.14 The revolution counter CT is used to record the revolutions of the constant
volume pump P1.
C.2.5.3.2.15 The three-way valve in the above sampling system is used to introduce the
sample gas into the respective sampling bag or directly emission it into the atmosphere
during the test. Quick action valve shall be used. Three-way valves are made of
materials that do not affect gas composition. Its flow section and shape shall minimize
pressure loss.
C.2.5.3.2.16 The blower (BL) is used to deliver diluted gas.
C.2.5.3.2.17 The cyclone separator (CS) is used to filter particulates from the diluted
gas.
C.2.5.3.2.18 The pressure gauge (G) is installed before the critical flow venturi to
measure the pressure of the diluted gas.
C.2.5.4 Analytical equipment
C.2.5.4.1 Measurement of hydrocarbon (HC) volume fraction
During the test, the volume fraction of unburned hydrocarbons (HC) in the sample gas
collected in the sampling bags Sa and Sb is measured by the hydrogen flame ionization
method.
C.2.5.4.2 Measurement of carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2)
volume fractions
During the test, the volume fractions of carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide
(CO2) in the sample gas collected in the sampling bags Sa and Sb are measured by non-
spectral infrared absorption method.
C.2.5.4.3 Measurement of nitrogen oxides (NOx) volume fraction
During the test, the volume fraction of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the sample gas
collected in the sampling bags Sa and Sb is measured by chemiluminescence.
C.2.5.5 Instruments and measurement accuracy
C.2.5.5.1 The chassis dynamometer shall be calibrated in a separate test and shall meet
the accuracy requirements in Table C.1. The total moment of inertia of the rotating mass,
including the rotating drum and rotating parts of the power absorbing device, is
measured to an accuracy of ±2%.
C.2.5.5.2 The vehicle speed is determined by the rotational speed of the chassis
dynamometer drum. When the vehicle speed is in the range of 0~10 km/h, the
......
| Standard ID | GB 18176-2016 (GB18176-2016) | | Description (Translated English) | Limits and measurement methods for emissions of pollutants from mopeds on the running mode (CHINA stage IV) | | Sector / Industry | National Standard | | Classification of Chinese Standard | Z64 | | Classification of International Standard | 13.040.50 | | Word Count Estimation | 85,878 | | Date of Issue | 2016-08-22 | | Date of Implementation | 2018-07-01 | | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB 18176-2007; GB 14621-2011 Partial; GB 20998-2007; GB 14622-2007 | | Regulation (derived from) | Ministry of Environmental Protection Notice No.56 of 2016; National Standard Notice No.2516 of 2016 | | Standard ID | GB 18176-2007 (GB18176-2007) | | Description (Translated English) | Limits and measurement methods for emissions of pollutants from mopeds on the running mode (CHINA stage ��) | | Sector / Industry | National Standard | | Classification of Chinese Standard | Z64 | | Classification of International Standard | 13.040.50 | | Word Count Estimation | 40,460 | | Date of Issue | 2007-04-03 | | Date of Implementation | 2008-07-01 | | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB 18176-2002 | | Quoted Standard | GB/T 5359.5-1996; GB/T 5359.6-1996; GB/T 15089-2001 | | Drafting Organization | National Motorcycle Quality Supervision and Inspection Center | | Regulation (derived from) | Announcement of Newly Approved National Standards No. 3, 2007 (No. 103 overall) | | Summary | This Chinese standard specifies two or three mopeds condition method exhaust emissions limits and measurement methods, crankcase emissions requirements, durability of pollution control devices required. This standard specifies the two and three-wheeled mopeds stage �� type approval requirements, production consistency checks and determination method. This standard applies to Curb weight is less than 400kg, the engine displacement of not more than five | | Standard ID | GB 18176-2002 (GB18176-2002) | | Description (Translated English) | Limits and measurement methods for exhaust emissions from mopeds under running mode | | Sector / Industry | National Standard | | Classification of Chinese Standard | Z64 | | Classification of International Standard | 13.040.50 | | Word Count Estimation | 22,281 | | Date of Issue | 2002/11/18 | | Date of Implementation | 2003/1/1 | | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB 18176-2000 | | Adopted Standard | 97/24/EC-1997, IDT | | Regulation (derived from) | Announcement of Newly Approved National Standards No. 3, 2007 (No. 103 overall) | | Summary | This Standard specifies moped exhaust emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission limits and measurement methods. This Standard is applicable to vehicle curb weight of less than 400kg, engine displacement of no more than 50ml, maximum design speed not exceeding 50km/h equipped with spark-ignition engine two or three mopeds. |
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