DZ/T 0200-2020 (DZ/T0200-2020, DZT 0200-2020, DZT0200-2020) & related versions
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DZ/T 0200-2020: PDF in English (DZT 0200-2020)
DZ/T 0200-2002
GEOLOGICAL MINERAL INDUSTRY STANDARD
OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 73.020; 73.060.01
D 12
Specifications for iron, manganese and
chromium mineral exploration
ISSUED ON: DECEMBER 17, 2002
IMPLEMENTED ON: MARCH 01, 2003
Issued by: Ministry of Land and Resources of PRC
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 4
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative references ... 5
3 Purpose & task of exploration ... 5
3.1 Pre-review ... 5
3.2 General review ... 6
3.3 Detailed review ... 6
3.4 Exploration ... 6
4 Degree of exploration study ... 6
4.1 Degree of geological study ... 6
4.2 Study of ore quality ... 9
4.3 Ore processing (melting) and processing technical conditions ... 10
4.4 Study on technical conditions of deposit mining ... 10
4.5 Comprehensive evaluation of comprehensive exploration ... 13
5 Control level of exploration ... 14
5.1 Principles for determining the type of deposit exploration ... 14
5.2 Principles for determining the spacing of exploration projects ... 15
5.3 Control level of exploration ... 15
6 Exploration work and quality requirements ... 16
6.1 Terrain and engineering survey ... 16
6.2 Geological mapping ... 16
6.3 Geophysical work ... 16
6.4 Prospecting works ... 17
6.5 Collection, processing, analysis of chemical samples ... 18
6.6 Collection, analysis, test of ore processing sample ... 21
6.7 Collection and test of test sample of physical-technical performance of rock ore ... 22
6.8 Original geological catalogue, comprehensive data compilation, report preparation, etc. 22
7 Feasibility evaluation ... 24
7.1 Rough study ... 24
7.2 Pre-feasibility study ... 24
7.3 Feasibility study ... 25
8 Classification and type conditions of mineral resources/reserve ... 25
8.1 Basis for classification of mineral resources/reserves ... 25
8.2 Types of mineral resources/reserves (Appendix A) ... 26
9 Estimate of mineral resources/reserves ... 29
9.1 Industry index of deposit ... 29
9.2 General principles for estimate of mineral resources/reserves ... 30
9.3 Results of estimation of mineral resources/reserves classification ... 31
Appendix A (Normative) Classifications of solid mineral resources/reserves . 32
Appendix B (Informative) Iron, manganese, chromium minerals and ore types
... 33
B.1 Iron minerals and iron ore types ... 33
B.2 Manganese minerals and manganese ore types ... 35
B.3 Chromium minerals and chrome ore types ... 39
Appendix C (Informative) Main types of iron, manganese, chrome deposits . 41
C.1 Main types of iron deposits ... 41
C.2 Main types of manganese deposits ... 46
C.3 Main types of chrome deposit ... 50
C.4 Classification of scales of iron, manganese, chrome deposits ... 52
Appendix D (Informative) Requirements for control level of exploration ... 53
D.1 Type of exploration ... 53
D.2 Engineering spacing of exploration ... 66
D.3 Control level of exploration ... 67
D.4 Requirements for mineral resources/reserves in mine construction ... 68
Appendix E (Informative) Estimate of mineral resources/reserve ... 69
E.1 Industry index of deposit ... 69
E.2 Estimate method of mineral resources/reserves ... 75
E.3 Estimate results, by types, of mineral resources/reserves of xxx iron (manganese or
chromium) deposit ... 77
Appendix F (Informative) Glossary ... 80
F.1 Total iron (TFe) ... 80
F.2 Magnetic iron (mFe) ... 80
F.3 Iron sulfide (sfFe) ... 80
F.4 Iron carbonate (cFe) ... 80
F.5 Iron silicate (siFe) ... 81
F.6 Red (brown) iron (oFe) ... 81
F.7 Slag-making component ... 81
F.8 Martite ... 81
F.9 Discharge manganese ore ... 82
Specifications for iron, manganese and
chromium mineral exploration
1 Scope
This standard specifies the specifications of geological exploration for iron,
manganese, chrome minerals, including scope, normative references,
objectives and tasks of exploration, degree of investigation and study,
requirements for exploration control, exploration work and quality requirements,
feasibility evaluation, classifications of mineral resources/reserves, type
conditions, requirements for mineral resources/reserve estimates, etc.
This standard is applicable to geological exploration of iron, manganese and
chrome ore as well as the mineral resource/reserve estimate. It is also
applicable to the inspection and evaluation of exploration reports of iron,
manganese, chrome mineral. It may also be used as the basis for evaluating
and estimating mineral resources/reserves in such activities as mining rights
transfer, financing, fund-raising, stock listing for mineral exploration and
development.
2 Normative references
The provisions in following documents become the provisions of this standard
through reference in this standard. For the dated references, the subsequent
amendments (excluding corrections) or revisions do not apply to this standard;
however, parties who reach an agreement based on this standard are
encouraged to study if the latest versions of these documents are applicable.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document applies.
GB/T 13908-2002 General requirements for solid mineral exploration
3 Purpose & task of exploration
3.1 Pre-review
Through comprehensive study on geology, geophysical exploration,
geochemical exploration, remote-sensing in the region, preliminary field
observations, a very small number of engineering verification results,
comparison with deposits of known similar geological features, propose the
select prospecting areas, to carry out pre-review work. Make evaluation for the
geophysical anomalies, geochemical anomalies, remote-sensing anomalies,
mineralization points, ore deposits which have ore-forming conditions in the
pre-review region, to initially understand their characteristics and distribution
ranges, to provide a basis for further general check.
4.1.2 General review stage
Collect such data as geological, mineral, geophysical, geochemical, remote-
sensing geology, to understand regional geological features and prospects for
mineralization. Roughly identify the strata, lithology, thickness, occurrence,
distribution in the reviewed region. Roughly identify the distribution, scale,
occurrence of larger folds, faults, fracture zones. Roughly identify the type,
quantity, form, distribution of intrusive rocks or eruptive rocks. Evaluate all kinds
of geophysical anomalies, geochemical anomalies, remote-sensing anomalies,
ore deposits or mineralization points, to roughly identify their output
characteristics and distribution range. For mineral deposits (body) with further
working value in the region, it shall roughly identify the distribution, quantity,
location of occurrence, thickness, scale, occurrence, ore quality. It shall roughly
understand the development of the oxidation zone of the deposit (body), to
provide basis for further detailed review work.
4.1.3 Detailed review stage
4.1.3.1 Regional geology: Further study such data as the stratum, structure,
magmatic rocks, metamorphic rocks, minerals related to mineralization in the
region. Based on such data as geophysical, geochemical, remote-sensing
geology, clarify the location, regional geological features, mineralization
conditions, mineralization prospects of iron, manganese, chromium minerals in
regional structures as well as the major minerals in the region.
4.1.3.2 Mining region (bed) geology: Roughly identify the stratigraphic age,
sequence, lithology, thickness, occurrence, distribution. For sedimentary
deposits and metamorphic deposits, it shall also study the sedimentary
environment of ore-bearing strata (rock series), lithofacies, rock combination,
metamorphism, the distribution and change rule of ore-forming elements;
determine the ore-bearing stratum as well as the spatial distribution of ore
bodies in the stratum. Study the relationship between the structure of the mining
area and the spatial distribution of ore bodies. Roughly identify the nature, scale,
occurrence, mutual relationship, distribution law of the folds, faults, fracture
zones which control the ore body. For the large faults which have large
displacement and divide the ore body, it shall roughly understand its spatial
position, occurrence, displacement. For the small faults, it shall, based on the
surface engineering data, preliminarily describe their scope and distribution.
Study and basically identify the types, forms, scales, occurrences of intrusive
rocks and eruptive rocks. Understand the intrusion (eruption) era, period,
the degree of destructive impact of the structure or the veins on the ore body
after the mineralization. For the main ore body of the preliminary mining section,
it shall control its form, spatial location, occurrence in detail. For the small ore
bodies with industrial value on the main ore body of the preliminary mining area,
it shall also be controlled at the same time. If necessary, it may densify the
project to improve the degree of exploration and study. For open pit mining, in
order to determine the boundary of the open pit, it shall systematically control
the boundary around the main ore body and the orebody at the bottom of the
open pit; for the underground mining bed, it shall control the both ends, upper
and lower boundaries, extension of the main orebody, to determine the location
of the development project.
4.2 Study of ore quality
4.2.1 Pre-review stage
Preliminarily understand the mineral composition, chemical composition, main
elements of the ore.
4.2.2 General review phase
Roughly identify the ore minerals, gangue minerals, ore grades, structural
constructions, natural types of ore. Roughly understand the content and
distribution of useful, beneficial, harmful components, to provide basis for
determining whether it is industrially applicable.
4.2.3 Detailed review stage
Basically identify the ore minerals, types and contents of gangue mineral, ore
structural characteristics. Basically identify the type, content, occurrence state,
law of distribution of the useful, beneficial, harmful components. Preliminarily
divide the natural types and industrial types of ores; study the law of distribution.
Provide a basis for the overall planning of the mining area, the project proposal
for the mine construction, the pre-feasibility study.
4.2.4 Exploration stage
Identify the types and contents of ore minerals and gangue minerals in detail.
Study the interrelationship and distribution of ore minerals. Identify the content,
occurrence state, distribution of useful, beneficial, harmful components in detail.
Study the structure and distribution characteristics of ore in detail. Identify the
grain size and embedding characteristics of iron, manganese, chromium
minerals and major gangue minerals. According to such factors as the mineral
composition, content, structure and oxidation degree of the ore, determine the
natural types in detail. Determine the boundary of oxidation zone, the mixed
zone, the original ore. On the basis of dividing the natural type of ore, according
pre-review, it shall collect the regional hydrogeology, engineering geology,
environmental geological data, to provide a basis for further work.
4.4.2 General review stage
On the basis of collecting regional hydrogeology, engineering geology and
environmental geological data of the study area, understand the distribution of
surface water bodies in the mining area, understand the stability of the
surrounding rock and ore of the ore body (stratum) as well as the environmental
geological conditions, to provide a basis for further work.
4.4.3 Detailed review stage
4.4.3.1 Hydrogeological study: Based on the understanding of regional
hydrogeological conditions and the collection of local hydrological and
meteorological data, basically identify the lithology, thickness, distribution,
occurrence, burial conditions of the aquifer and water-confining layer, the water-
richness of aquifer, the hydraulic connection of each aquifers, the stability of the
aquifer and degree of water isolation. Basically identify the surface water
distribution in the mining area as well as its hydraulic connection with the main
aquifer. Study the groundwater level (water pressure), water quality, water
temperature, water quantity, dynamic change and recharge, runoff, discharge
conditions; preliminarily determine the mine pit’s water filling factors; predict the
water inflow of the mine pit. Preliminarily divide the hydrogeological types of
deposit; determine the complexity of hydrogeological conditions. Propose the
direction of water resources for industrial and domestic use of mine.
4.4.3.2 Engineering geological study: Determine the mechanical properties of
the main rock ore in the mining area; study its stability. Basically identify the
distribution of fault fracture zone, joints, fissures, weathering belt, mudding belt,
sand-flowing layer, weak interlayer in the mining area; evaluate the influence
on the stability of the ore body and its surrounding rock strata. Propose the
evaluation opinions on the stability of the side slope of open pit. Investigate the
distribution, filling and water accumulation of the old cavity and the goaf.
Preliminarily determine the engineering geological type of the deposit and
determine the complexity of engineering geological conditions.
4.4.3.3 Environmental geological study: Basically identify the composition and
content of elements, radioactive and other harmful gases which are harmful to
the human body in rocks, ores and groundwater (including hot water). Propose
the preliminary evaluation opinions on whether there is any harm to the human
body. Collect relevant data on natural geological disasters such as earthquakes,
debris flows, landslides, karst, etc.; analyze their impact on mine production.
Predict the possible impact of mining on the environment and ecology of the
area.
earthquake and new tectonic activity; clarify the seismic geological conditions
of the mining area and the stability of the mining area. Evaluate the geological
environment quality before the mining of the deposit. Predict the damage and
impact on the environment and ecology of the mining area during the mining;
propose preventative recommendations.
4.5 Comprehensive evaluation of comprehensive exploration
4.5.1 Pre-review stage
Initially understand whether there are other beneficial minerals.
4.5.2 General review stage
For symbiotic and associated minerals with industrial utilization value, it shall
roughly identify their content and occurrence characteristics, study the
possibility of comprehensive utilization.
4.5.3 Detailed review stage
For the symbiotic and associated minerals with industrial utilization value, it
shall roughly identify the material composition, content, occurrence state,
distribution state; determine the possibility of industrial utilization.
4.5.4 Exploration stage
For symbiotic and associated minerals which have industrial utilization value
within the exploration area, it shall carry out comprehensive exploration and
comprehensive evaluation. Identify the material composition, content,
occurrence state, distribution law; determine and evaluate the distribution rate
of symbiotic and associated useful components in different minerals. For the
associated beneficial components in the ore that are beneficial to improve the
quality of the processed products, but cannot be recycled at the time of
processing, they shall also be evaluated; however, the reserves are not
separately estimated. For symbiotic minerals in the ore body and in the adjacent
surrounding rock, it shall make full use of the exploration project to carry out
evaluation. If necessary, it shall properly densify the project to improve its
control and study level. For the degree of exploration and study on symbiotic
minerals, it shall follow the requirements of the geological exploration
specification of corresponding ore.
Different types of iron, manganese, chrome deposits may contain different
symbiotic (associated) components, some of which, if exceeding a certain limit,
will pose a hazard to the smelting products. However, when these components
may be separated through processing means, and become useful components
through comprehensive recycling use, it shall pay attention to comprehensive
in time.
5.2 Principles for determining the spacing of exploration
projects
5.2.1 According to the exploration type and the exploration stage, select the
corresponding spacing of exploration engineering.
5.2.2 The engineering spacing at the detailed review stage is the basic
engineering spacing for the exploration of the deposit. The engineering spacing
during the exploration stage is in principle densified on the basis of the spacing
of basic engineering. In the pre-review and general review stages, due to the
scarcity of engineering work, it has no specific requirement for the engineering
spacing, but it shall make full consideration to the connection with subsequent
projects.
5.2.3 The engineering spacing of the type-III exploration in the exploration stage
is the densest spacing of the exploration project of deposit. For some deposits
with small scales and large variations in form and composition, if it is still difficult
to obtain ideal exploration results according to the engineering spacing, it shall
be converted into the “mining whilst exploration” method, to make further
investigation on the geological characteristics of the occurrence of deposit in
the mining process.
5.2.4 When the change of the ore body in the direction of the strike is greater
than that in the direction of tendency, the project may be arranged into a
rectangular mesh whose short side is in the direction of the ore body.
5.2.5 Mark the surface engineering spacing of the ore body, which is generally
one-half of the engineering spacing of the deep part.
5.2.6 Once the exploration type has been revised, the engineering spacing of
the exploration shall also be adjusted accordingly.
5.3 Control level of exploration
First of all, it shall control the distribution range and mutual relationship of the
ore bodies in the exploration area. The level of specific control shall, according
to multiple factors such as the exploration stage, the output characteristics of
the deposit and the possible construction scale (including the service life of the
mine), the degree of market demand, be agreed with the investors (Appendix
D.3).
6.3.2 Carry out the magnetic, gravity, electric measurement at different scales.
To identify such information as boundary, shape, occurrence of the rock and ore
body, study the structural belt, find hidden ore body, it shall make full use of
borehole geophysical exploration method, retrieve the boundary of the ore body,
understand the shape and occurrence of ore body.
6.3.3 When surveying magnetic iron ore, it shall use the surface magnetic
survey data, to infer and delineate the distribution range, shape, occurrence,
depth, thickness change of the ore body as well as the geological structure. Use
the borehole three-component magnetic survey, to determine the location
through which the borehole penetrates the ore body (layer), to solve the
problem of ore body extension and relative connection, to detect the blind ore
body aside the borehole and at the bottom of the borehole. Drilling holes in the
control section shall ensure that the magnetic curve anomalies in the borehole
can pass through the ore body (layer) to enter the normal field, to facilitate
correct interpretation.
6.3.4 When surveying weak magnetic or non-magnetic deposits such as
hematite, limonite, siderite, rhodochrosite, manganese oxide ore, chrome ore,
it shall use experiments and select the high-precision magnetic survey, gravity
or electric method, to obtain the information which is beneficial for the
understanding and explaining the ore body.
6.3.5 During the exploration and detailed survey stage, carry out radioactive
testing of the surface and rock core of the control section. When an abnormality
is found, it shall identify the cause and make evaluation.
6.3.6 The quality requirements of geophysical work shall be carried out in
accordance with current professional codes and procedures. After the end of
the field work, it is necessary to sort out the materials in time, prepare the
geophysical maps that are compatible with the scale of the geological map,
submit a work summary report. The mineral exploration report shall briefly
explain the results of geophysical exploration work, review its quality.
6.4 Prospecting works
6.4.1 Trench prospecting: It is the main project to systematically expose the
surface ore body. It is generally used under the condition that the thickness of
the overburden does not exceed 3 m. In order to ensure the sampling quality,
the trench must be dug to the fresh surface of the bedrock.
6.4.2 Shallow well (drills): When the overburden is thick, it shall use shallow
well (drills) to control the shallow part or shallow ore body. Shallow wells (drills)
must expose the boundary between the top & bottom plate of the ore body and
the surrounding rock or the fresh surface of the bedrock.
sectional specification is generally not less than 20 cm × 15 cm.
6.5.2 Processing of sample
6.5.2.1 Processing requirements: The total loss rate of the sample’s mass
during the whole process of sample processing shall not exceed 5%. The
reduction error of the sample shall not exceed 3%.
6.5.2.2 Step-by-step reduction processing: The preparation of the analytical
sample uses the Chechott formula for reduction:
Where:
Q - The minimum reliable mass of the sample (kg);
k - The reduction factor;
d - The largest particle diameter in the sample (mm).
The K value which is commonly used for iron ore and manganese ore is usually
0.1 ~ 0.2. The chromium ore is generally 0.25 ~ 0.3.
6.5.2.3 Processing of mechanical linkage line: After primary crushing and
reduction, it directly achieves the required particle size and mass. It shall be
carried out in accordance with the determined processing methods and
operating procedures. The shrinkage uniformity of the sample shall be tested.
6.5.3 Analysis
6.5.3.1 Basic analysis: It is mainly used to identify the content of useful
components in ore. It is the main basis for delineating ore bodies, classifying
ore types, estimating resources/reserves.
a) The basic analysis items of iron ore: When magnetic iron ore or other
types of ore are delineated by the use of magnetic iron content, the
analysis item is TFe and mFe; the hematite ore, limonite ore, siderite ore
are TFe. The symbiotic minerals in ore shall also be included in the basic
analysis;
b) Basic analysis items of manganese ore: For oxidized ore, analyze Mn, Fe,
P, SiO2; for manganese carbonate ore, it shall also analyze CaO, MgO,
Al2O3, loss on ignition. For other harmful elements, when its content is
high and affects the quality evaluation of ore, they shall also be subjected
to basic analysis;
c) Basic analysis items of chrome ore: Cr2O3, FeO, Fe2O3; depending on the
requirements.
6.5.3.7 Mass inspection of chemical analysis: It mainly check the accidental
error and systematic error of the basic analysis. It shall also check it in the
phase analysis.
a) Internal inspection: The internal inspection samples shall be taken by the
sample delivery organization in time and in batches from the basic
analysis sub-samples, encoded, sent to the original laboratory for
inspection. The amount of the internal inspection sample is respectively
10% of the basic analysis amount and 3% ~ 5% of the combined analysis
amount. When the sample amount is less, the internal inspection for the
basic analysis samples shall be not less than 30; the internal inspection
for the combined analysis samples shall be not less than 10;
b) External inspection: The external inspection samples shall be taken by the
sample delivery organization in periods and in batches from the basic
analysis samples, then sent by the basic analysis laboratory to the
designated laboratory for inspection. The amount of the external
inspection sample is respectively 5% of the basic analysis amount and the
combined analysis amount. When the basic analysis sample amount is
less, the amount of external inspection samples shall be not less than 30;
c) Chemical analysis mass and the error of internal-external inspection
analysis results are processed with reference to DZ/T 0130 “The
specification of testing quality management for geological laboratories”.
6.6 Collection, analysis, test of ore processing sample
The processing test index is an important basis for determining the ore
processing flow, establishing the industrial index of mineral resources/reserves,
evaluating the industrial value of iron, manganese, chrome deposits. For any
ore processed, it shall take the processing test samples. According to the
“Interim provisions on the degree of processing test at different stages of
mineral exploration”, combined with the ore processing performance of iron,
manganese, chrome ore in China, it requires carry out laboratory process tests
in the detailed review stage and the exploration stage. When the ore’s
composition is complex, it shall also carry out the laboratory extended
continuous test, to evaluate the processing performance of the ore.
For taking of processing sample, it shall negotiate with the responsible test
organization to prepare the sampling design, solicit opinions from the design-
production department of mine. The samples taken shall be fully representative.
The ore type, grade, mineral composition, structural construction, chemical
composition, spatial distribution of the sample are required to be basically
6.8.1.1 The original geological catalogue is a record of the on-site records and
observational study methods for observing the study of geological phenomena,
which shall be timely, true, objective.
6.8.1.2 The original geological catalogue includes measured cross-sections,
geological mapping, trench prospecting, well prospecting, pit prospecting,
drilling engineering, sampling, etc.
6.8.1.3 Records are means which are taken by the original cataloger to select
appropriate information, such as numbers, text, images, tapes, disks (CD), etc.
It is also necessary to adapt to the construction of the national information
system and adopt new methods and means in a timely manner.
6.8.1.4 The original geological catalogue is, based on various measurement
results as well as the identification and test results of the specimens and
samples, to correct, supplement, sort the on-site catalogue, to prepare
necessary charts, to use specified format for f......
......
| Standard ID | DZ/T 0200-2020 (DZ/T0200-2020) | | Description (Translated English) | Specifications for iron, manganese and chromium mineral exploration | | Sector / Industry | Geological Industry Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | D12 | | Classification of International Standard | 73.020; 73.060.01 | | Word Count Estimation | 60,681 | | Date of Issue | 2020-04-30 | | Date of Implementation | 2020-04-30 | | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | DZ/T 0200-2002 | | Quoted Standard | GB/T 12719; GB/T 13908; GB/T 17766; GB/T 18314; GB/T 18341; GB/T 25283; GB/T 33444; DZ/T 0033; DZ/T 0078; DZ/T 0079; DZ/T 0130.1; DZ/T 0130.2; DZ/T 0130.3; DZ/T 0130.4; DZ/T 0130.5; DZ/T 0130.6; DZ/T 0130.7; DZ/T 0130.8; DZ/T 0130.9; DZ/T 0130.10; DZ/T 01 | | Drafting Organization | Mineral Resources Reserve Review Center of Ministry of Natural Resources | | Administrative Organization | Standardization Technical Committee of Natural Resources and Territorial Space Planning | | Regulation (derived from) | Ministry of Natural Resources Announcement No. 26, 2020 | | Summary | This standard specifies the purpose of geological exploration of iron, manganese, and chromium ore, the stage of exploration, the level of exploration work, the requirements of green exploration, the requirements of exploration work and its quality, feasibility evaluation and resource reserve estimation. This standard is applicable to the geological prospecting work, resource reserve estimation and result evaluation of iron, manganese, and chromium ore at each exploration stage. |
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